Insertion of foreign genes into the genome map of Chinese herb always produces the intended beneficial effects, but also the unintended effects. Analysis of genomic function and metabolic end products based on the principle of substantial can reveal the influence on the quality of herbs, which is able to provide valuable refer-ence for the following evaluation on pharmacology and toxicology.

To optimize the pretreatment of Huanglian Jiedu decoction before ceramic membranes and verify the effect of different pretreatments in multiple model system existed in Chinese herb aqueous extract. The solution environment of Huanglian Jiedu decoction was adjusted by different pretreatments. The flux of microfiltration, transmittance of the ingredients and removal rate of common polymers were as indicators to study the effect of different solution environment It was found that flocculation had higher stable permeate flux, followed by vacuuming filtration and adjusting pH to 9. The removal rate of common polymers was comparatively high. The removal rate of protein was slightly lower than the simulated solution. The transmittance of index components were higher when adjust pH and flocculation. Membrane blocking resistance was the major factor in membrane fouling. Based on the above indicators, the effect of flocculation was comparatively significant, followed by adjusting pH to 9.
Ceramics ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flocculation ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Solutions ; chemistry ; Ultrafiltration ; methods

Purpose:To further testify the role of costimulatory molecular B7 in renal ischemia/reperfusion in-jury. Methods:The mRNA transcription level of B7 was assayed with reverse transcription semiquantative poly-merase chain reaction in the uninephrectomized rat model established by warm ischemia/reperfusion. Results :ThemRNA transcription level of B7 was very low in normal and ischemia renal tissue, but was gradually increased af-ter repefusion,and reached peak level at 72 hours after reperfusion; The mRNA transription level of B7 in the is-chemia 60 min reperfusion group was higher than that in the ischemia 30 min reperfusion group. Conclusions :Up-regulation of costimulatory molecular B7 further elucidates the mechanism of relationship between ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection; More heavier ischemia/reperfusion injury, more possible acute rejection.

OBJECTIVETo study 3 different strategies of urine drainage following hypospadias urethroplasty, the clinical nursing in their application, and their effects.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 595 cases of hypospadias treated by urethroplasty. After surgery, 133 of the patients underwent urine drainage by suprapubic cystostomy (group A), 202 by urethral stent- tube indwelling (group B), and 260 by early initiative micturition with the urethral stent-tube (group C). All the patients received routine postoperative nursing care required for hypospadias repair.

RESULTSOperations were successfully completed in all the cases. Group C showed a remarkably shorter hospital stay and lower incidence rates of urinary fistula and urethral stricture than groups A and B (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the three indexes between A and B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor urine drainage following hypospadias repair, early initiative micturition with the urethral stent-tube can significantly reduce postoperative complications, decrease difficulties and workload of nursing care, and shorten the hospital stay of the patient.

Cystostomy ; Drainage ; methods ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; prevention & control ; Urinary Fistula ; prevention & control ; Urine ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male

Objective To determine the viral etiology and its epidemic features of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) among pediatric inpatients in Guangzhou.Methods A total of 1 539 children with CAP admitted in Guangzhou Women and Children’ s Medical Center during June 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in the study.Throat swab specimens were collected, and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( FQ-PCR) was performed to detect 11 respiratory pathogens.SPSS 17.0 was used for data processing, and χ2 test was performed to compare the infection rates among different groups.Results Among 1 539 patients, 550 cases (35.7%) were infected with at least one pathogen, and 101 (6.6%) were infected with two or more pathogens.The most popular viral etiologies were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (102, 6.6%), rhinovirus (RHV)(101, 6.6%), adenovirus (ADV) (78, 5.1%), influenza virus A (IVA) (78, 5.1%) and bocavirus (HBOV) (74, 4.8%).RSV infection often occurred in children with age≤3 years, while ADV or IVA infection often occurred in those with age >3 years.RSV infection rate peaked in winter and spring, IVA infection rate peaked in spring and summer, while ADV and HBOV infection rates peaked in summer.The rate of multiple infections in critically ill children (22/135, 16.3%) was significantly higher than that in other CAP patients (79/1 404,5.6%,χ2 =116.049, P<0.01).Conclusions Viral infection is common in pediatric inpatients with CAP, and RSV infection is the most popular.Multiple infections are more often to cause critical conditions.

OBJECTIVESTo detect the changes of DNA ploidy of spermatogenic cells in testis and epididymis.

METHODSRight epididymides and testes from 15 fertile youth donors who died of accident were collected. Samples of spermatogenic cells in different regions of epididymis (caput, corpus and cauda) and tests were collected. DNA of spermatogenic cells were detected by flow cyctometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe haploid(1n), diploid(2n) and tetraploid(4n) spermatogenic cells were existed in different regions of epididymis and testis. The 1n cells increased from (24.87 +/- 7.28)% in testis to (96.33 +/- 1.58)% in epididymis cauda, there were significant differences among regions of testis and epididymis caput, corpus(P < 0.01), and the difference among regions of epididymis corpus and epididymis cauda were also significant(P < 0.05). While the percentages of 2n and 4n cells decreased from (63.07 +/- 8.96)% and (9.43 +/- 3.83)% in tesits to (2.47 +/- 0.93)% and (1.17 +/- 0.95)% in epididymis respectively. There was significant difference of 2n cells between testis and epididymis caput, corpus(P < 0.01), and was also remarkable difference between epididymis corpus and cauda (P < 0.05). There was no difference of 4n cells between testis and epididymis caput(P > 0.05). There were significant difference among regions of epididymis caput, corpus and cauda(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe percentage of immature spermatogenic cells decreased along with passing through the epididymis.

Adult ; DNA ; analysis ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogonia ; metabolism ; Testis ; metabolism

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of cystic de compression (CD) operation autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(APKD) based on clinical material, experience and related theory. Methods: Thirty-nine APKD received CD operation(unilateral 31 cases, bilateral 8 cas e s) in our hospital from 1985 to 1995. Four main parameters, cystic renal enlargi ng rate(CRER)，lumbar pain recurring rate(LPRR)，blood pressure elevating rate(B PER) and renal function abnormal rate(RFAR), were observed 3, 6, 12, 36 and 60 months after CD operation. And the changes were analyzed based on related theory . Results: The changes of 4 main parameters on 5 different time points post operation in unilateral 31 cases were:（1）CRER 19.4%,38.7%,61.3%,1 0 0% and 100%; （2）LPRR 12.9%,48.4%,71.0%,100% and 100%; （3）BPER 6.5%,22.6%,4 1.9%,71.0% and 96.8%;（4） RFAR 3.2%, 12.9%,22.6%,74.2% and 96.8% respectively. Conclusion: During a short period, CD operation can relieve th e lumbar pain, but it is not certain for improving CRER,BPER and RFAR. in the lo ng run, the therapeutic effect is not sure.

Objective To observe the effect of stanozolol(ST) on long bone growth and maturation of pubertal female rats treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa).Methods At 3 weeks of age,42 female Sprague-Dawley rats(brood) were divided into 7 groups(ST dosage groups,as 5 000 ?g/100 g group,200 ?g/100 g group,100 ?g/100 g group,50 ?g/100 g group,25 ?g/100 g group,solvent control group and blank control group)(n=6).Forty-eight female rats were divided into 8 groups(ST therapeutic duration)(n=6).Rats received 2.5 mg/kg im slow-released GnRHa(triptorelin,as 2 d group,3 d group,5 d group,7 d group,10 d group,13 d group,soluent control group and blank control group) which was repeated every 2 weeks for 2 times,3 days after the 2nd GnRHa(D1),ST dosage groups were subcutaneously administrated ST at the various dosage daily(D1-D13).ST therapeutic duration groups were subcutaneously administrated ST at the dosage of 100 ?g/100 g daily for different duration.All the rats were killed on the D14.On the day of sacrifice,body weight,body length and left tibial length were measured,plasma were taken for determining insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),right tibia were fixed,demineralized and processed for paraffin-embedding.Paraff sections were HE stained for growth plate measurements.proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) on growth plate was analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining and image.Results 1.In the 5 000 ?g/100 g ST dosage group,the weight,Height and tibial length exceeded than those of the other dosage and control groups(Pa

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of rapamycin (RPM)-loaded poly (lactic-co- glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) on the proliferation, distribution of cell cycle, and expression of p27 protein in human umbilical arterial vascular smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) in vitro.

METHODSThe primarily culture model of HUASMC was successfully established by explant-attached method in vitro. The cells were administrated with different doses of RPM, and RPM-PLGA NPs were observed as treat groups compared with PLGA NPs and M231-SMGs medium cultured group. The effect of RPM-PLGA NPs on proliferation of HUASMC was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetry method. The influences of RPM-PLGA NPs on the cell cycle and cellular growth kinetics of HUASMCs were tested by flow cytometry. The effect of RPM-PLGA NPs on the expression of p27 protein of HUASMCs was assessed through an immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the proliferation of HUASMCs was inhibited by 50 microg/L and higher concentration of RPM-PLGA NPs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The numbers of cells entering cell cycle of S/G2/M phases were significantly lower in RPM-PLGA NPs and RPM treated groups. Histologically, the expression of p27 were up-regulated in 500 microg/L RPM-PLGA NPs and 100 microg/L RPM treated group (all P < 0.01 ) when compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONSRPM-PLGA NPs has a similar effects as RPM in inhibiting the growth of in vitro cultured HUASMC. It can remarkably suppress the expression of in vitro cultured HUASMC p27 protein, arrest its cell cycle at G1/S phase, and inhibit its proliferation.

Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nanoparticles ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Arteries ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) on secretion of adhesive molecules mediated by ox-LDL in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs).

METHODSHUVECs with different concentration of ox-LDL (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 microg/ml) were incubated for 24 h, or HUVECs were pretreated with 250 microg/ml poly (I) or 250 microg/ml carrageenan for 2 h and then incubated with 50 microg/ml ox-LDL for another 24 h. Expression of LOX-1 was determined by realtime RT-PCR and Western blot. mRNA and protein of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSIncubation of HUVECs with ox-LDL (10-100 microg/ml) enhanced the expressions of LOX-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01). On the contrary, ox-LDL did not affect the expression of VCAM-1 by HUVECs. The expression of LOX-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin induced by ox-LDL were reduced in HUVECs pretreated with 250 microg/ml poly (I) or 250 microg/ml carrageenan for 2 h and then incubated with 50 microg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h. This showed that both poly (I) and carrageenan obviously decreased the expression of LOX-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin induced by ox-LDL.

CONCLUSIONox-LDL may upregulate the expression of LOX-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, and LOX-1 blocker may partly inhibit this upregulation. The results suggest that the expression of inflammatory molecules induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs is mediated by LOX-1.

Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cells, Cultured ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Oxidized LDL ; metabolism ; Scavenger Receptors, Class E ; metabolism ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism