Insect viruses are attractive as biological control agents and could be a feasible alternative to chemical insecticides in the management of insect infestations. This review describes recent advances in the development of wild-type and genetically modified viruses as insecticides. A new strategy of application of insect viruses in China is reviewed. Also, the assessment of biosafety of genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedovirus (HearNPV) is emphasized as a case-study.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of tenofovir (TDF)+ lamivudine (3TC)+ efavirenz (EFV)combina-tion therapy in the treatment of HBV/HIV coinfection and provide evidence for effective management of HBV/HIV coinfec-tion.Methods All the AIDS/HIV patients treated in our hospital from February 2011 to October 2011 were screened for eligi-bility in this analysis.Twenty eligible patients with HBV/HIV coinfection were treated with the TDF/3TC/EFV triplet regi-men.The efficacy and safety of the combination therapy were evaluated.Results Of the 15 patients who had completed study period of 48 weeks,all had conversion of HBV DNA to negative,2 had HBeAg seroconversion.The liver function tests were normal.HIV-RNA was below the limit of detection in 15 cases.CD4+ increased by 139.72±3.36/μL on average.The creati-nine and lactate levels were within normal limits.No adverse events were reported.Conclusions The TDF/3TC/EFV triplet regimen is safe and effective for treatment of HBV/HIV coinfection.It is appropriate to recommend this regimen as a standard therapy for HBV/HIV coinfection.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of looped ankle injury caused by cord strangulation, seek proper treatment to decrease amputation rate, and restore limb function as much as possible. Methods Among the nine patients with looped strangulation ankle injury, 7 had both their anterior and posterior tibia arteries involved, while the other 2 patients had only their posterior tibial artery involved. There were 4 patinets suffered from combined open tibia and fibula fractures, 2 patients from close tibia and fibula fractures; and another 2 patients from external malleolus fracture. The interval from injury to treatment varied from 6 to 27 hours(average 12 hours). All patients were treated with surgical procedures as soon as possible, blood vesseles and nerve injuries were detected and anastomosis had been done if necessary. All fractures were fixed externally. Results The limbs of all 9 patients were salvaged successfully. Most function of the injured limbs were restored. Only one external malleolus fracture malunited and was treated successfully by subsequent osteotomy. Conclusion Emergent intervention is of great importance to looped ankle injury caused by cord strangulation. Once blood vessel or nerve injuries are suspected, surgical detection or anstomosis if neccessary, should be done as soon as possible. All the associated fractures should better be fixed externally, and in order to avoid "tourniquet effect"the injured skin should be incised as early as well. With proper limb salvage procedure, good or excellent result may be achieved even in the patient with a delayed diagnosis.

Objective:To study parenting style of difficultly educated children and the state of their mental health.Methods:Randomly select 120 difficultly educated children from a Training Camp in Changsha and used SCL-90 and EMBU to rate their parenting style and mental health.Results:The mental health condition of difficultly educated children was significantly worse than the norms,but the normal middle school students parental warmth was higher than the difficutly educated students.Difficultly educated children scored significantly higher in father's firm control,punishment,over interference,rejection and denial and maternal rejection and denial,firm control and punishment,but significantly lower in parental warmth.Conclusion:Difficultly educated children had got more mental problems,and their parents treat them with more negative parenting style and less positive parenting style.

Objective Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)dissociated from 2～5 days postpartum mice were cultured on Sertoli cells feeders,to study the effect of Sertoli cells feeders on culture of mouse spermatogonial stem cells.Methods Specific markers CD9 of mouse SSCs cultured serum-free StemPro-34 SFM culture medium were identified by immunohistochemical assay.Result During the first week of culture,on Sertoli cells feeders or STO feeders,the biologica1 behaviors of spermatogonial stem cells showed no obvious difference.After a week of culture,compared with control,there were more number of spermatogonial stem cells remained when they were cultured for 60 days.These cells were expressed CD9 positive.In conclusion Sertoli cells can be used as feeders not only to promote survival but also renewal of spermatogonial stem cells.

Cold-stimulus headache is a primary headache syndrome which is provoked by an external application or ingestion or inhalation of cold stimulus. It has not been reported to occur secondary to another focal structural brain lesion, or as a reversible illness. This is a report of two women who developed cold-stimulus headache on taking ice cold food after the onset of thalamic hemorrhage. The headache was typical of cold-stimulus headache except a relatively long duration of pain lasting half an hour. There was spontaneous remission after a few months. Our patients suggest that cold-stimulus headache can be secondary to thalamic hemorrhage..

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 21 autosomal STR loci of Fujian Han population and evaluate the forensic application value of GlobalFiler Express kit. METHODS: Amplified with GlobalFiler Express kit, DNA samples were obtained from 741 unrelated individuals of Fujian Han population. The population genetics parameters of 21 autosomal STR loci were calculated. RESULTS: The 21 autosomal STR loci were found to be no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibration (P > 0.05) and relatively abundant in high polymorphism. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.589 to 0.914, power of discrimination ranged from 0.754 to 0.992, polymorphic information content ranged from 0.520 to 0.940, and power of exclusion ranged from 0.278 to 0.825. The SE33 locus was the highest degree in polymorphism. CONCLUSION The 21 STR loci of GlobalFiler Express kit have high value in discrimination power and can be useful in personal identification and paternity test in Fujian Han population.
Asian People/genetics* ; DNA ; Genetics, Population ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology

BACKGROUND: It is of significance to imitate facial nerve paralysis of temporal trauma, establish the model of facial nerve paralysis, and study the histopathologic changes of facial muscle after denervation and the effect on rehabilitation of facial muscle function.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between rehabilitation of facial muscle function and the structural changes of mitochondria and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of oris muscles after denervation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trail based on experimental animals.SETTING: Department of otolaryngology in a hospital of a university.MATERIALS: The experiments were conducted in the Center of Animal Experiment, the Department of Histoembryology, and the Second Electron Microscope(EM) Center, China Medical University. Sixty white guinea pigs provided by the Center of Animal Experiment, China Medical University [certification No: SCXK (liao) 2003-0009 ], were randomly divided into three groups, 5 s squeezed group( n = 15, 10 tested for the function of facial muscle, 5 for EM specimen 15 days after operation), 15 s squeezed group( n =20, 10 tested, 5 for EM specimen 15 days and 30 days after operation), and 30 s squeezed group( n = 25, 10 tested, 5 for EM specimen 15 days after operation and 10 for EM specimen 30 days after operation).INTERVENTIONS: Models of facial paralysis were established. The threshold of facial nerve was detected with electroneurogram(ENoG) before and after squeezed, and the duration of the functional recovery of facial muscle was observed with blink reflex. Orbicularis oris was taken for SDH cytochemical staining, and the ultrastructural changes of SDH positive reaction granules,mitochondria and muscle fibers were observed under transmission electroscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ENoG threshold value, tine for recovery of facial muscle function, SDH positive reaction granules and ultrastructural changes of mitochondria and muscle fibers.RESULTS: In 5 s squeezed group, the average inhibition time of nerve excitement conduction was(35.2 ± 16.8) minutes, the structure of mitochondria and the positive reaction granules of SDH remained normal, and the muscle fiber had no pathologic changes. In 15 s squeezed group, it took an average of(47 ± 15) days for blink reflect to recover. In 15 s squeezed group of 15 days, the mitochondria showed slight bubble degeneration and the SDH granules decreased and the muscle fiber had slight pathologic changes, but recovered after 30 days. The mitochondria changed severely and SDH granules decreased significantly in 30 s squeezed group of 15 days and 30 days; no case of blink reflect recovered within' half a year.CONCLUSION: The longer the facial nerve is injured, the nore severely the function of facial muscles is damaged, and the more difficultly it will recover. Therefore, facial nerve decompression should be performed as early as possible.