Objective:To explore whether portal vein thrombosis affects the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in preventing re-bleeding from ruptured gastroesophageal varices in hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis.Methods:Hospitalized patients who received endoscopic therapy to prevent re-bleeding from ruptured gastroesophageal varices due to hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis during 2013 to 2017 were selected, and followed up for 1 year after treatment for re-bleeding and survival status. Patients were divided into thrombotic and non-thrombotic group according to whether they were combined with portal vein thrombosis at the time of initial admission. The baseline data characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. The 1-year re-bleeding rate and survival rate of the two groups were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The other risk factors for re-bleeding after endoscopic variceal therapy were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression.Results:A total of 124 cases with re-bleeding from ruptured gastroesophageal varices due to hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis were included. The average age was 50.7 years old. 81.5% (101 cases) were male, and 24.2% (30 cases) were combined with portal vein thrombosis. There were no statistically significant differences between the thrombotic and the non-thrombotic group in the average age, gender, liver function classification, transjugular portal pressure gradient, antiviral treatment, and non-selective β-blockers. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the re-bleeding rate after endoscopic treatment indicated that the incidence of non-bleeding in patients with thrombotic group at 60 days, 180 days and 1 year was significantly lower than that in the non-thrombotic group [86.7%, 80.0%, 56.7% vs. 95.7%, 93.6%, 87.2% ( P = 0.000 1)]. Analysis of the location of portal vein thrombosis showed that the bleeding rate in the main portal trunk, left and right branches and superior mesenteric vein had increased significantly after endoscopic treatment, while the splenic vein had no effect on the bleeding after endoscopic treatment. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis indicated that age (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, P = 0.02) and thrombosis in the main portal trunk, left and right branches (HR 4.95, 95% CI: 2.05-11.95, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for re-bleeding at 1 year after endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:Portal vein thrombosis is an independent risk factor that affects the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in preventing re-bleeding from ruptured gastroesophageal varices in hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and the risk of re-bleeding increases significantly after endoscopic treatment in patients with thrombosis.