Objective:To investigate the incidence of severe complications in patients with peptic ulcer perforation after simple closure operation.Methods:All discharged 117 patients after perforated peptic ulcer simple closure from Jan 2010 to June 2014 were followed-up. Focusing on patients compliance to undergo endoscopic examination and radical HP treatment within 3 months after operation, whether giving up bad habit such as smoking or drinking, whether using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Persisting ulcer symptoms and other complications such as reperforation, bleeding, obstruction, etc were recorded.Results:Gastroscopy was performed in 22 cases (21.4%) within 3 months after operation, and only 5 cases received HP radical treatment. There were altogether 10 cases of severe complications developed during the period of followed-up, including 6 cases of pyloric obstruction , 4 cases of reperforation, and 2 cases repeated ulcer bleeding . The average interval from perforation operation to the first serious complication was (24.8±5)months. Among them, 2 cases of perforation and 1 case of repeated obstruction were treated surgically, the rest underwent conservative treatment. Compared with the severe complications group much less patients receving early postoperative gastroscopy have had such severe complications (23.7% vs.0, P=0.184). Conclusion:After simple closure of upper gastrointestinal ulcer perforation, the low compliance rate of endoscopy and active medical treatment lead to high incidence of long-term serious complications.