Osteoporosis, one of the severest diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population, is the result of the disorder of the normal bone turnover process. At present, many studies have shown that bone turnover is closely related to the microbial environment in the human body. The largest microbiota in the human body exists in the intestine and plays an important role in the normal physiological activities of the body, such as nutrition, metabolism, immunity and barrier. Intestinal microbe can regulate endocrine and immune system through a series of processes, thereby affecting the process of bone turnover in the body. This article briefly reviews the current research about the effects of intestinal microbe on the process of bone turnover in the body. It is expected to provide new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis by exploring the relationship between osteoporosis and intestinal microbe.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of compound bushen recipe (CBR) in improving the survival state of stress and the overall life span in C. elegans by simulating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) under various stress states.

METHODSThe tolerance and the average survival time of adult larvae against heat stress (35 degrees C), oxidative stress (250 microg/mL juglone), and in vivo Abeta protein toxicity (Abeta(1-42) transgenic mutant CL4176) under the intervention of the high (500 mg/L), middle (250 mg/L), and low (100 mg/L) dose CBR were observed. The effect of CBR on the average live time (at 25 degrees C), movement distance in 20 seconds, the frequency of pharyngeal pump in 30 seconds, and the reproductive capability were assessed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the survival time of heat stressed C. elegans could be significantly increased in each CBR group (P < 0.01). The survival time of heat stressed C. elegans could be elongated, the protein toxicity be attenuated, and the live time prolonged in the high and middle dose CBR groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).The movement distance and the frequency of pharyngeal pump could also be increased in the high dose CBR group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the reproductive capability among all groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCBR could significantly enhance the stress capacity of C. elegans against internal and external environment, and prolong their lifespan. It did not interfere their normal production, and also could improve the quality of life, thus laying a foundation for further mechanism studies and pharmacological researches on CBR in preventing and treating CFS.

Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Longevity ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and the application value of assisted oocyte activation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the wives of glohozoospermia men.

METHODSWe collected oocytes from the wives of 2 globozoospermia patients and randomly divided them into two groups after ICSI to receive calcium ionophore A23187-activation and conventional treatment, respectively. We reviewed the relevant literature published at home and abroad, and discussed the etiology of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and treatment options for this disease.

RESULTSQuality embryos were obtained in the A23187-activation group while no fertilized oocytes, oocyte cleavage, quality embryos, or blastular formation were found in the conventional treatment group. Both women achieved pregnancy and gave birth to healthy neonates after transfer of the quality embryos from the A23187-activation group.

CONCLUSIONCalcium ionophore A23187 can be applied to ICSI for the wives of globozoospermia men and bring about desirable clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to its safety.

Calcimycin ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Ionophores ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVEMuscle contraction may prompt glucose uptake through non-insulin-dependent ways, and it may be due to the enhanced activation of key proteins known to regulate glucose metabolism, like p38 and Akt. Our experiment focused on the impact of different contraction modes on the phosphorylation of the molecules, thus to explore effective ways to lower blood glucose.

METHODSIsolated muscle strips perfusion technique and Western blot analysis were employed to investigate the influence of different modes of contraction on the activation of the molecules.

RESULTSMuscle contraction led to an increase in p38 phosphorylation, with the greatest effect observed after 5 minutes of 10% DC (duty cycle) contraction and 5 minutes of 1% DC contraction. However, phosphorylation of Akt were not altered by the two contraction modes.

CONCLUSIONThe level of phosphorylation of p38 was higher at the optimal contraction modes, but these modes could not increase the level of phosphorlation of Akt.

Animals ; Glucose ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) combined irradiation on the apoptosis of human lung cancer GLC-82 cells and to study its mechanism.

METHODSThe growth inhibition rate of GLC-82 cells acted by different concentrations DHA was detected using MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Clone forming test was used. With multi-target single-hit model, the radiosensitization effect was assessed by calculating sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER).The effect of DHA combined irradiation on the apoptosis of GLC-82 cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSDifferent concentrations DHA (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg/mL) had cytotoxicity on GLC-82 cells. The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 h was 38.25,20.58, and 10.36 μg/mL, respectively, in obvious dose- and time-dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate was more significantly increased than that of the blank control group (P < 0.01, P<0.05). DHA had sensitization enhancement effect on GLC-82 cells, with SER of 1.4. DHA combined irradiation could obviously change the structure of GLC-82 cells cell cycle and induce apoptosis (with the apoptosis rate of 21.5%), which was significantly different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Western blot showed the expression of p53 and p21 protein could be increased by DHA combined irradiation, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein down-regulated (P <0.01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSDHA had stronger cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on GLC-82 cells. Its mechanisms might lie in making the arrest of GLC-82 cells' growth at G0/G1 phase, decreasing the ratio of cells at S phase, restoring the function of p53, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein, and inducing apoptosis in GLC-82 cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

The study was aimed to investigate the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein in HL-60 cells treated with diallyl disulfide (DADS), and to explore the antileukemic mechanism of DADS in respect of VEGF production. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein in HL-60 cell lines treated by DADS respectively. The results showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein were found in HL-60 cells. The expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein in HL-60 cells could be down regulated by treatment with 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 microg/mL DADS for 48 and 72 hours and the effects had a dose dependent relationship (r > 0.9, P < 0.01). The differences between DADS treated HL-60 cell groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.01), there were also statistically significant differences among three DADS-treated HL-60 cell groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that DADS effectively inhibits the proliferation of human leukemia cell line HL-60 cells; DADS exerts its antileukemic effects by reduction of the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein secretion.
Allyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Disulfides ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antiinflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Occimum gratissmium (OGE) with emphasis on expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cell BEAS-2B.

METHODSEffects of OGE on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. mRNA expression were analyzed by and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. Activation of kinase cascades was investigated by immunoblot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSOGE (<200 μg/mL) treatment or pretreatment and following LPS exposure slightly affected viability of BEAS-2B cells. Increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and the elevated level of intracellular ROS in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were diminished by OGE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. OGE suppressed inflammatory response-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt activation. Additionally, OGE pretreatment increased level of cellular inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that significant suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells by OGE may be attributed to inhibiting activation of MAPKs and Akt and consequently suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytosol ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Ocimum ; chemistry ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Respiratory System ; cytology ; Water

The lignans in Urtica cannabina were isolated by preparative HPLC, silica, and ODS column chromatographies, and identified by NMR and HR-MS. The inhibitory activities on 5α-reductase were evaluated in vitro. As a result, ten secolignans,(2R,4S)-2,4-bis(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-butoxypropanol(1), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl] butyrolactone(2), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] butyrolactone(3), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] butyrolactone(trans urticol, 4), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl] butyrolactone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]butyrolactone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]butyrolactone-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(trans-urticol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 7), cycloolivil-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8), isolariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), and olivil-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10), together with a polyphenol [α-viniferin(11)], were isolated from U. cannabina for the first time. Compound 1 was a new lignan. Compound 7 was potent in inhibiting 5α-reductase.
5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors ; Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase/pharmacology* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Lignans/pharmacology* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Urticaceae/enzymology*

Objective] To study hepatitis B virus ( HBV) mother-to-child transmission and the impact factors, providing the basis for preventive strategies. [ Methods ] A total of 154 hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) -positive pregnant women and 297 HBsAg -negative pregnant women from Baoshan District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Shanghai were enrolled and received an epidemiological survey regarding mother-to-child transmission.Mothers'peripheral blood and newborns'cord blood were collected to be tested for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA load.HBsAg positivity and HBV DNA≥103 copies/mL in cord blood of newborns born of HBsAg-positive mothers was defined as trans-placental HBV transmission. [ Results] The trans-placental transmission rate was found to be 8.4%for HBsAg-positive mothers.Trans-placental transmission rate was significantly higher among both HBsAg and HBeAg -positive women compared to those only with HBsAg -positiveness ( 20.0% vs. 3.7%, relative risk was 5.41, P <0.05), and increased with HBV DNA load in mothers'peripheral blood. [ Conclusion] HBeAg can directly transmit through the placenta, while HBsAg is“filtered” to a certain degree.HBeAg positiveness and high HBV DNA load of the mother are risk factors in trans-placental transmission, and possibly lead to the failure of newborn immunoprophylaxis.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but extremely dangerous complication in pregnant women.Its pathogenic pathophysiological nature is an immune process of the mother.This cascade endogenous immune response can quickly cause multiple organ dysfunction of the mother.Therefore,the treatment for this disease requires a multi-disciplinary and close collaborative medical rescue team in order to ensure the maternal and fetal safety in China.