BACKGROUND: Caspase-3 is a cysteine proteinase that can promote cell apoptosis. Ciliary neurotrophic factor has many kinds of biological activities, such as protecting various neurons from injury, especially motorial neurons, thereby reducing the occurrence of nerve cell injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the Influence of ciliary neurotrophic factor on spinal cord caspase-3 expression in different ages rats following sciatic nerve injury, aiming to make further investigation about the changing regularity and modulating character of peripheral nerve damage at various ages rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Ultrasound Department and the 5th Research Institute of Daping Hospital, Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Field Surgery Research Institute of the 3rd Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2000 to December 2001. Altogether 810 wistar rats including infant rats with body mass of 30-100 g (birth age of 20 days), adult rats of 200-350 g (birth age of 4 m), elder rats of 400-800 g (birth age of 18-24 m),were selected with 270 rats in each age stage. Female and male does not limit.METHODS: [1] Experimental animal grouping: Various age rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=18), ciliary neurotrophic factor group(n=126) and physiological saline group (n=126), rats in ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group were subdivided into 1 day, 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks subgroups. [2] Animal model preparation: In Ciliary neurotrophic factor group and physiological saline group, rats were cut off a piece of sciatic nerve of 2 mm long, both ends connected with silica tube for constructing neuranagenesis cab, in which 15 μL recombined ciliary neurotrophic factor (25 mg/L) was injected in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, and 15 μL physiological saline in physiological saline group. [3] Preparation and examination of specimen:Six rats were randomly selected from each group, lumbar L3-5 spinal cord were obtained for carryingonnation, caspase-3 activity examination and Western blotting examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique. [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity.RESULTS: Altogether 810 rats completed the experiment, all data was entered the final result analysis. [1] Expression of spinal cord caspase-3 with IHC assay: After injury, neuronal caspase-3 expression became strengthened at injured side of various age physiological saline groups, which obviously increased at posttraumatic 2 weeks and 4 weeks, but less expressed at 8 weeks and 12 weeks; while in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, posttraumatic caspase-3 expression was mostly obvious at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. [2] Distribution and expression intensity of spinal cordcaspase-3 by Western blotting technique: Caspase-3 expression was not significant difference between various age subgroups in normal group(P ＞ 0.05). Comparing to the same age normal group and non traumatic group, caspase-3 expression was strengthened at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in various age physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group damages (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in ciliary neurotrophic factor group, caspase-3 showed weaker expression at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks in infants; 2weeks and 4 weeks in adults, 4 weeks in elders comparing to corresponding physiological saline group, difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The comparison between untraumatic side of each group and normal group showed no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05). [3] Changes in caspase-3 activity: In child, adult and elder physiological saline groups, caspase-3 activity was increased in traumatic spinal cord, moreover caspase-3 activity was higher than elder and adult group at various age point (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); in child, adult and elder ciliary neurotrophic factor groups, caspase-3 activity is lower than physiological saline group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). After damage,caspase-3 activity at traumatic side in physiological saline group and ciliary neurotrophic factor group was difference from normal group but without significant meaning (P ＞ 0.05), except the expression in child posttraumatic 12 weeks group was lower than normal group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: After sciatic nerve damage, caspase-3 protein expression and activity were found to be increased in spinal cord of different age groups rats which can be reduced by extragenous ciliary neurotrophic factor, which playing protective role on spinal cord nerve cells, such protection would gradually attenuated in child group, adult group to elder group in turns.

Objective: To share the anti-infection experience for the patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection after operation.Methods: The whole course of drug administration participated by clinical pharmacist in one patient with complicated intra-abdominal infection after pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively analyzed and discussed.Results: Enterococcus was found in the blood culture and ascites.According to the results of drug sensitive tests, clinical pharmacist provided medication suggestions and performed medication mornitoring.According to the blood concentration, clinical pharmacist adjusted the dose of vancomycin, and changed the therapy regimen according to the changes of conditions.As a result, adverse reactions were controlled timely, and satisfactory treatment effects were obtained.Conclusion: The aetiology of complicated intra-abdominal infection is complex with intractable treatment, and the participation of clinical pharmacists in the treatment can improve the efficiency and safety.

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of capsaicine, dihydrocapsaicin, imperatorin and isoim-peratorin in Guanjie Jietong plasters. Methods:A CAPCELL PAK C18 column was used as the chromatographic column, and the flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1. The mobile phase A consisted of methanol-acetonitrile(1∶1), the mobile phase B was of 1% phosphoric acid. The detection wavelength was 280 nm and 254 nm, respectively. Results:There was a good linear relationship between the con-centrations and the peak areas within the range of 0. 298-5. 956μg(r=0. 9998) for capsaicine, 0. 152-3. 044μg(r=0. 999 6) for di-hydrocapsaicin, 0. 018-0. 352 μg(r=0. 999 5) for imperatorin and 0. 010-0. 204 μg(r=0. 999 3) for isoimperatorin. The average re-covery was 97. 8%(RSD=1. 02%), 97. 0%(RSD=0. 76%), 96. 6%(RSD=0. 65%) and 98. 1%(RSD=1. 35%), respectively. Conclusion:The method is convenient, accurate, sensitive and repeatable, which can be used in the determination of capsaicine, di-hydrocapsaicin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Guanjie Jietong plasters.

目的探讨非完全同步影像尿动力学检查的临床应用意义。方法采用Laborie尿动力学检查仪和Toshiba放射检查床,对128例患者进行非完全同步影像尿动力学检查(一般取截石位及斜坐位),其中脊髓损伤92例(71.9%)、骶裂5例(3.9%)、尿失禁8例(6.2%)、排尿困难2例(1.6%)、前列腺增生21例(16.4%)。灌注液中泛影葡胺含量为15%,灌注速度10—20ml/min,检查方法同普通尿动力学检查,记录膀胱压力(Pves)、直肠压力(Pabd)、逼尿肌压力(Pdet)、尿流率(Q)和肌电图等参数,采用膀胱储尿期及排尿期同步透视,点拍摄放射片4次,记录并保存影像。结果发现膀胱输尿管返流6例(4.7%)、膀胱结石18例(14.1%)、膀胱憩室35例(27.3%)、膀胱颈开放78例(60.9%)、逼尿肌膀胱颈协同失调23例(18.0% )、逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调59例(46.1%)、外括约肌痉挛31例(24.2%)。结论非完全同步影像尿动力学检查能够利用现有设备进行影像尿动力学检查,对全面了解神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍及LUTS患者的下尿路病理生理改变有重要价值。

Objective To analyze the features of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal of the tibial anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in the stroke patients when sitting and standing.Methods Fifteen stroke patients and fifteen normal subjects were involved in this study. All subjects were asked to stand up and sit down. It repeated five times continuously. The electromyographic signals were collected by surface electrode and then processed by linear time and frequency domain method.Results In sitting position, tibial anterior muscle had significant differences in mean power frequency and median frequency ( P<0.05) when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences ( P<0.05) in root mean square when the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. In standing position, tibial anterior muscle also had significant differences in root mean square and integrated electromyography ( P<0.05) as the same frequency domain comparing as above. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences on time domain, when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the paretic lower limb in stroke patients and the limb in normal subjects were compared ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion sEMG is a brief, applied, feasible assessment method in rehabilitation.

Objective To research the lymphatic tropism and lymph cell apoptosis of cisplatin-nano carbon suspension in rats with the aim of proposing a new way for chemotherapy.Methods A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups.For the experimental group,cisplatin-nano carbon suspension 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected subcutaneously into Wistar rats' plantar.For the control group,cisplatin 0.3 ml (4 mg/ml) was injected intravenously.Cisplatin concentration in the inguinal lymphatic tissue and plasma was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours after drug administration.The apoptosis of lymph cell was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).Targeting ability were evaluated and compared by targeting index (TI),selecting index (SI) and relative extraction efficiency (RE).SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the differentiation of the cisplatin concentration and apoptosis index (AI) among various groups.DAS software was used to evaluate the lymphatic tropism.Results The cisplatin concentration of lymphatic tissue in experimental group were respectively (1.03±0.32),(3.00±0.91),(2.20±0.73),(1.56±0.38),(1.30±0.74) and (0.78±0.34) μg/g after administration 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 hours,while in control group were (0.49±0.21),(1.02±0.70),(0.59±0.50),(0.56±0.21),(0.47±O.18) and (0.36±0.13) μg/g,in which there were significant difference at every times (all P＜0.05) except at 1 hour (P=0.173).The cisplatin concentration in plasma were significant higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at various times (all P＜0.05),the former were respectively (0.57±0.28),(1.22±0.45),(0.61 ±0.18),(0.51 ±0.13),(0.45 ±0.13) and (0.40±0.07) μg/ml,while the latter were respectively (3.12± 0.33),(4.09± 0.48),(2.56 ± 0.38),(2.05 ± 0.13),(1.81 ± 0.28) and (1.44± 0.40) μg/ml.Values of TI were respectively 2.12,2.93,3.73,2.78,2.76 and 2.19 and SI were 1.80,2.45,3.63,3.07,2.86 and 1.93.Value of RE was 2.86.The AI in experimental group were respectively (16.5±5.2)％,(30.2±2.8)％,(51.7±4.3)％,(69.8±3.2)％,(80.1 ±4.3)％ and (89.7±8.5)％,while in control group were respectively(1.3±0.8)％,(2.4±1.7)％,(3.2±1.1)％,(3.9±2.6)％,(5.1±2.1)％ and (6.3±2.3)％,in which there were significant difference at every points (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The nano carbon has the character of lymphatic tropism,and could send cisplatin to lymphatic tissue to achieve a higher concentration.The trait may break a new way for chemotherapy targeting lymph metastasis.

"3+2" educational model was performed in our clinical medical college as a reformation based on traditional "4+1" model.After 5 years teaching practice,it obtained some good results as we prospected,however,there still exists some problems.This article analyzes the problems around the aspect of the teachers,the students,the teaching administration and arrangements,and proposes the corresponded measure to improve it.

Objective To investigate the changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)function, volume of the hypothalamic, pituitary and adrenal glands in elderly patients with depression. Methods Twenty-five cases of elderly patients with depression and 19 healthy elderly patients were enrolled into the patient group and the healthy control group, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of the main hormone related with HPA axis in blood. The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was used to assessassessment the negative feedback regulation of HPA axis. The volume of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands were determined by the magnetic resonance imaging. Results The Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II) and Montgomerie Rating Scale (MADRs) score of the elderly depression patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.01). The values of main hormone related with HPA axis in the patient group, such as CRH, ACTH and CORT, were higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.01). The non- suppression rate of low dose dexamethasone suppression test in the patient group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal gland volume of patients group were 4.7%, 18.3% and 17.5% ,respectively. Significant the differences of pituitary and adrenal volume were observed between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of main hormone related with HPA axis in the elderly patients with depression were significantly increased, the non-suppression rate of low dose dexamethasone suppression test was also increased. Meanwhile, the volume of pituitary and adrenal gland in the elderly patients with depression increased.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Phenols ; toxicity ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sertoli Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Steroidogenic Factor 1 ; genetics ; metabolism