Acute abdomen means a set of clinical emergency with acute abdominalgia as the primary characteristic symptom of onset,including others as the acute onset,quick symptom changes,severe illness,and oftenly need surgical treatment;therefore,acute abdomen ought to be designated within surgery domain.As interventional therapy is extensively applied in clinical medicine,now a days many victims of acute abdomen,especially those with ambiguous clinical diagnosis requiring an initial invasive examination(angiography,PTC,etc),should be referred to interventional therapy before taking an item of invasive measures.This new concept management has achieved good clinical curative effect and become one of the remarkable achievements in acute abdomen therapeutics.Such predominance finds proper expression in the following two aspects:(1)The evolution of contemporary medical iconography has made it possible to duely and accurately diagnose acute abdomen,and thus created a diagnostic predominance for us-interventionalists;(2)Intervention therapy is featured with its unigue minimal invasion and massive effectiveness,and thus provides high leading edge than conventional surgical operation.We believe that intervention management ought to become the first-choice for treating the above mentioned acute abdomen.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:193-194)

The development history, the features and laws of guaranteeing medical supplies under emergency situation are introduced briefly. The allocation of resources, the key factors in management and the technique supply are described. By looking at the trend and the future work on how to guarantee medical supplies in the state of emergency, some conclusions can be made: guaranteeing medieal supplies in the state of emergency is a whole new field. Only when the experience is accumulated, and when the eoneepts and techniques from foreign countries are learned, the supplies for clinical and first aid to be delivered safely and in time can be guaranteed. Thus, the number of lives saved will be maximized.

Objective To investigate the feature of CT perfusion of the lower limb skeletal muscle in patients with diabetic peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods It was a prospective study that collected out-patients and in-patients of interventional vascular surgery from January 2008 to January 2013.The patients were divided into three groups,including 27 patients (54 limbs) in diabetic PAD group,27 patients (54 limbs) in common PAD group and 9 patients (18 limbs) in control group.Patients in diabetic PAD group were selected when PAD were diagnosed through CTA and patient had the exact history of diabetes.There were 54 limbs in diabetic PAD group,including 10 limbs in Fontaine Ⅰ class,21 limbs in Fontaine Ⅱ class,14 limbs in Fontaine Ⅲ class and 9 limbs in Fontaine Ⅳ class.Patients in common PAD group were selected when PAD were diagnosed through CTA,patients those had the exact history of diabetes or coronary heart disease were exclusion.Patients in control group were collected with negative CTA results.CT perfusion scans of lower extremities were performed in all patients.Time density curve (TDC),Blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),mean transit time (MMT) and permeability surface (PS) of skeletal muscle in different pathologic stage were obtained with perfusion software.The differences of perfusion parameters among diabetic PAD group,common PAD group and control group were compared by analysis of variance; and the differences of perfusion parameters among control group and all Fontaine classes in diabetic PAD group were also compared.Results TDC of normal skeletal muscle in control group continued to rise,and raise rapidly at an early stage; TDC of diabetic PAD group and common PAD group continued to rise,but raise slowly; the TDC of ischemia skeletal muscle has smaller slope and lower peak value than that of control group.The values of BF were (10.41±0.92) ml · 100 ml-1 · min-1 in control group,(13.37± 1.15) ml · 100 ml-1 · min-1 in diabetic PAD group and (17.12 ±0.81)ml· 100 ml-1· min-1in common PAD group.The values of BV were (1.04± 0.13)ml/L in control group,(1.23 ±0.16)ml/L in diabetic PAD group and (1.84 ±0.23) ml/L in common PAD group.The values of MTT were (11.63 ± 1.45) s in control group,(7.92±0.35) s in diabetic PAD group and (7.82±0.38) s in common PAD group.The values of PS were (3.46±0.84) ml· 100 ml 1· min-1 in control group,(9.84±0.87) ml· 100 ml-1· min-1 in diabetic PAD group and (12.11 ±0.70)ml· 100 ml-1· min-1in common PAD group.The differences of the values of BF,BV,MTT and PS among the three groups were statistically significant (F values were 10.892,4.492,27.543 and 20.506,P all＜0.05).The differences of the values of BF,BV among control group and all Fontaine classes in diabetic PAD group were not statistically significant(P all＞0.05),the differences of the values of MTT,PS were statistically significant.And the differences of the values of MTT,PS between control group and each Fontaine class in diabetic PAD were statistically significant (P all＜0.05).Conclusions CT perfusion imaging of Lower extremity skeletal muscle can prompt the existence of early skeletal muscle ischemia for diabetic PAD.The method can be valuable for clinical early diagnosis.

The function of the nervous system is largely determined by the communication between neurons and glial cells.The interaction of complex signaling pathways between neurons and glial cells involves in a variety of signaling molecules.Purines and the purinergic receptors play a crucial role in the process of the interaction.For a long time, the study on the central nervous system is mainly focused on neurons, while glial cells are mainly used as support cells or in response to brain injury to provide a guiding role.The latest research shows that glial cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases.We will summarize the function of purinergic receptors in the interaction of neurons and glial cells and in neurological diseases.

[Summary] The isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery ( IDSMA) was once considered to be a rare disease .In recent years , a growing number of cases of IDSMA have been reported , especially by Chinese authors , because of the increasing use of contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans .To understand the real domestic status of IDSMA , the Chinese-language literatures were searched, and the clinical characteristics and treatment of IDSMA were analyzed .

In order to improve the scientificity and rationality of materiel management,we developed the materiel management system and realized the computerizing of material management. This system can solve all problems in material computerizing which occur during the process from the material application to its abandonment. Aiming at solving disadvantages in human management,the utilization of this system will greatly reduce the staff's work load,enhance the working efficiency and make the material management standardized.

Objective To evaluate the effects of selective mesenteric angiography with continuous papaverine perfusion for the diagnosis and treatment of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia(NOMI).Methods Eighteen patients with NOMI underwent selective superior mesenteric arteriography and papaverine perfusion via the SMA simultaneously were analized retrospectively.Results Fifteen out of the 18 cases recovered;2 cases underwent laparotomy;1 case died within 10 days.Conclusion Selective superior mesenteric arteriography with continuous papaverine perfusion is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic method for non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:209-212)

Certain public service pre-school teachers have been trained as vision screeners of children. However, there are no studies that assessed the knowledge and skills retention of these screeners. This study determines the level of knowledge retention among pre-school teachers who have been trained to perform vision screening on children. In 2013, 180 KEMAS pre-school teachers were recruited in a vision screening training which included both theory and practical sessions. Teachers were assessed through a theory test which comprised of 15 questions, firstly a category on the preparations needed for vision screening and secondly on the implementation of vision screening. They were then asked to conduct pre-school vision screening annually at their working premises. In 2016, 136 teachers who had been involved in the earlier program were recruited as subjects in this study. All these subjects answered the same set of theory test questions used in 2013. The Student’s t-test result indicated that the mean theory test scores obtained by the pre-school teachers in 2013 (84.3 ± 7.8) differed significantly with the mean scores obtained in 2016 (67.5 ± 11.3) (p < 0.001). The mean scores in 2013 for questions in the first and second categories were 4.5 and 4.4, decreasing to 4.2 and 3.7 in 2016. The knowledge level of pre-school teachers thus decreased with time and this effect was found significant after 3 years. There is therefore a need to conduct re-certification training, so that the screening conducted by these pre-school teachers remains effective and in accordance with established standards.