Bone marrow transplantation was considered effective treatment for leukemias and other haematological diseases. Acute graft v-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The T lymphocytes were specially depleted by anti-CD5, CD2, CD8, CD27 monoclonal antibody-ricin immunotoxins. Inhibition of the protein synthesis and T-cell functions in the target cells was observed in vitro. At 10 9mol / L of the immunotoxin, 3 logs (99.9%) of target cells were killed, but no cytotoxicity on nontarget cells. At the same concentration, the anti T cell immunotoxin had no any influence on the proliferating rate of CFU-GM and BFU E. None of the ten patients who received T cell depleted bone marrow developed grade III or IV acute GVHD.

Objective To prove the application of bilingual teaching in the child health care curriculum. MethodsEnglish dubbing and Chinese subtitling DVD coursewares of child growth and development were played to medical interns.The interns were asked to do questionnaires to examine feasibility and effectiveness. Results In 8-year program medical students,77.8% of them and 64.8% of the 5-year nutrition professional students could understand the contents of more than 90%.If there was no Chinese subtitles,the ratio were only 5.6% and 6.4%.Most students preferred English subtitles and dubbing,and endorsed the model of bilingual teaching. Conclusion DVD coursewares with Chinese subtitles and English dubbing can be widely used in the teaching of child health care.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) combining with dendritic cells (DC) on T cell functions and in vitro anti-HcaF tumor cytotoxicity of activated T cells. METHODS: S-100 protein expression in DC was detected by immune histochemistry staining. The expressions of I-E~? and CD80 molecules on DC, the expression of CD69 molecule on T cells and the production of IL-2 and TNF-? by T cells were determined with flow cytometry. The proliferation of T cells and its cytotoxicity to HcaF tumor cells were detected by MTT assay. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that isolated DC expressed high level of S-100 protein. SEB or SEC-induced DC highly expressed I-E~? and CD80 molecules and that SEB or SEC-induced DC promoted the activation and proliferation of T cells. 100 ?g/L of SEB or SEC was the most effective concentrations to induce T cells to secret IL-2 and TNF-?. The T cells activated by SEB or SEC combined with DC showed significant cytotoxicity to HcaF cells, appearing a stronger role than tumor antigen combined with DC. There was no difference in the role for T lymphocytes between both SEB and SEC. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that SEB or SEC combined with DC is an effective way to enhance T cell functions, producing stronger cytotoxicity to HcaF tumor cells than tumor antigen-loaded DC used at present, which offers a forceful evidence for the possibility of superantigen SEB or SEC combining with DC to be applied to clinical tumor immunotherapy.

Graphite ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Vanadium ; urine

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the fluctuation of blood glucose and the macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis (AS) in diabetic patients.METHODS:The individuals with different glucose tolerance were observed by continuous glucose monitoring for 3 days including the mean blood glucose (MBG) and its standard deviation (SD),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and absolute means of daily differences (MODD).In addition,the intima-media thickness (IMT),intima smoothness as well as AS scores were measured respectively in bilateral common carotid arteries by means of high resolution B mode ultrasonography.RESULTS:The incidence of macrovascular complications in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was significantly higher than those in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),and a significantly difference between group IGT and T2DM was observed.The indexes detected by B mode ultrasonography were all increased gradually from NGT to IGT,then to newly diagnosed T2DM.The values of glycemic excursion were higher in IGT and T2DM group,especially in the subjects with diabetes than those in NGT group.In addition,multiple regression analysis showed that MAGE was significantly correlated with mean IMT and AS scores.CONCLUSION:Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with atherosclerosis.The patients with a larger range of blood glucose excursion have higher risks for developing atherosclerotic complications.The impaired glucose stability is a possible risk factor for atherosclerotic macroangiopathy in diabetes.

Objective To study the clinical significances of serum lipoprotein (LP),high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs CRP),cystatin (Cys-C),apolipoprotein (Apo) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients with early renal impairment.Methods Totally 96 patients were divided into two groups:50 cases in simple diabetic group (DM) aged 60-73 years,46 cases in diabetic nephropathy group (DN) aged 61-72 years,and 50 healthy persons as normal control group aged 61-68 years.Serum levels of LP(a),hs-CRP,Cys-C,ApoA1 and ApoB were detected.Results Serum levels of LP (a) [(214.8±182.3) mg/L vs.(113.1±76.2) mg/L],Cys-C[(0.95±0.16)mg/L vs.(0.46±0.17) mg/L],hs-CRP (2.57± 1.84) mg/L vs.(1.07±0.38)mg/L] and ApoB [(1.12±0.18) g/L vs.(0.81 ±0.15) g/L ]were higher in T2DM patients than in normal control group(all P＜0.01),while ApoA1 level was lower than in control[(1.02±0.17)g/L vs.(1.27±0.14)g/L,P＜ 0.01].The levels of LP (a) (455.6 ± 263.5 ) mg/L,Cys-C (2.14 ± 0.68 ) mg/L,hs-CRP (7.24±4.55)mg/L and ApoB(1.22±0.17)g/L in DN group were increased compared with DM group (all P＜0.01).Serum levels of ApoA1 were decreased in DN group compared with DM group [(0.88±0.17) g/L vs.(1.02±0.17) g/L,P＜0.01].The serum levels of LP (a) (r=0.487,P＜0.05),Cys-C(r=0.55,P＜0.05),hs-CRP(r=0.478,P＜0.01) and ApoB(r=0.505,P＜0.05) were positively correlated with urinary mAlb in T2DM patients,while ApoA1 was negtively related with mAIb(r=-0.52,P＜0.05).Conclusions The serum LP (a),Cys C,Apo and hsCRP could be sensitive markers of early renal impairment,and their combinatorial measurement offers more value in patients with T2DM.

BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),an acute infection with a mutant coronavirus,is characterized by acute pulmonary inflammatory injury accompanied by possible multiple organ injuries. Besides somatic symptoms,affective disorder constitutes an obvious neuropsychiatric symptom in SARS patients.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical features of SARS with neuropsychiatric involvement.DESIGN:A retrospective case analysis.SETTING:Department of Neurology,Department of Respiratory Diseases and Department of Radiology of Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 325 SARS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the 8th People's Hospital of Guangzhou from February 2003 to May 2003 were involved,including 173cases who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms.METHODS:The clinical data of 325 of SARS including 173 cases with neuropsychiatric symptoms were retrospectively analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms,ophthalmoscopic examination,and pathological findings in autopsy.RESULTS: ①The incidence of neuropsychiatric involvement was about 53.2% in SARS patients. The manifestations consisted mostly of headache (67.1%),dizziness(28.9%),conscious-ness disturbance(10.4%),mental disorder(4.6%), local orientational disorder(0.6%),seizures(1.2%),and affective disorders (30.6%);anxiety occurred in 20.2%,depression in 6.4%,suicidal tendency in 1.2%,and phobia in 7.5% of the patients with neuropsychiatric involvement. ②Among the 325 patients,56 were in critical condition of whom 47 had accompanying neuropsychiatric impairment,with significantly greater incidence than that in mild cases (P＜0.01). ③Ophthalmoscopic examination performed in 4 patients showed blurred margin of the optic disc with retinal venous congestion. ④Autopsy in 2 cases identified edema of the perivascular tissue and vascular wall of the small veins with mononuclear cell and lymphocyte infiltration,neuron degeneration and demyelination in focal brain tissues.CONCLUSION:The manifestations of neuropsychiatric involement can vary in association with the severity of SARS,and the typical pathological changes include edema,neuronal demyelination etc.in the brain.

The interleukin-12 (IL-12) family, including IL-12, IL-23, IL-27,and IL-35, is characterized by unique structures and molecular partners.This is the only family of heterodimeric cytokines, which endows them with a unique set of connections and functional interactions.They not only play an important role in the regulation of inflammation, but are closely related to various autoimmune diseases.Here we discuss the structural aspects of these cytokines and their effect on some autoimmune diseases.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of platelet parameters and the hemorheological parameters in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD). Methods One hundred and eight patients with diabetics were divided into simplicity diabetes mellitus ( SDM ) group with 41 cases, early diabetic nephropathy( EDN) group with 36 cases and clinical diabetic nephropathy( CDN) group with 31 cases according to 24 hours urine albumin excretion rate( UAER) ,and 26 healthy persons were included into this study as control group. The platelet parameters(including mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet volume distribution width(PDW),platelet volume(PCT),and PLT) and hemorrheology were measured in all groups. Results Levels of MPV,PDW,PCT and PLT in diabetics group were (9.80±1.14) fl,(18.00±0.99) fl,(0.21 ±0. 05)% and (186±47)×109/L respectively,in control group were(7. 70±1. 11) fl,(13. 90±1. 02) fl,(0. 16 ±0.05)% and (234±51)×109/L respectively,the differences were significant(P=0.043,0.039,0.040, 0. 035). Levels of MPV,PDW,PCT and PLT in SDM group were (8. 40±1. 07) fl,(16. 40±0. 79) fl,(0. 19 ±0. 04)% and (195±49)×109/L respectively,in EDN group were (10. 20±1. 23) fl,(18. 30±1. 02) fl,(0. 20 ±0. 06) % and (188±52)×109/L respectively,in CDN group were (11. 40±1. 14) fl,(19. 60±1. 21) fl,(0. 25 ±0. 05)% and (172±40)×109/L respectively,the differences were significant between the groups( P=0. 032,
0. 039,0. 041,0. 008). The levels of erythrocyte aggregation index,capillary plasma viscosity,low/medium/high shear viscosity of whole blood, low/medium/high shear reduced viscosity of whole blood and erythrocyte deformation index in diabetics group were 1. 86±0. 13,1. 40±0. 14,(13. 83±1. 62) mPa·s,(7. 79±0. 84) mPa·s,(6. 46±0. 77) mPa·s,7. 54±1. 03,4. 73±0. 74,4. 16±0. 69 and 0. 55±0. 03 respectively,in control group were 1. 38±0. 05,1. 21±0. 08,(9. 35±1. 22) mPa·s,(5. 88±0. 87) mPa·s,(5. 02±0. 86) mPa·s, 4. 00 ±0. 75,3. 12±0. 65,2. 76±0. 56 and 0. 68±0. 06 respectively,the differences were significant between the two groups( P=0. 034,0. 020,0. 018,0. 044,0. 016,0. 014) . Furthermore,the results of erythrocyte aggregation index, capillary plasma viscosity, low /medium/high shear viscosity of whole blood, low/medium/high shear reduced viscosity of whole blood and erythrocyte deformation index were significantly different in sub group of diabetes( P=0. 004,0. 002,0. 001,0. 004,0. 003,0. 041,0. 025,0. 009,0. 042) . Conclusion It is important to measure the platelet parameters and hemorrheology in diabetes kidney disease patients. The platelet parameters and hemorrheology may be the early indicators to diagnosis the diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study the association of carotid atherosclerosis with high-sensitivity creative protein(hs-CRP),lipoprotein-a(Lp-a) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).Methods Seventy-one CRF patients were divided into Group A of 45 patients under maintenance hemodialysis and Group B of 26 patients without hemodialysis,and 20 healthy donor was Group C in this study.And 71 CRF patients were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group (43 cases) and non carotid atherpsclerosis group(28 cases) according to whether the carotid atherosclerosis plaque was detected out.Fortythree CRF patients presented carotid atherosclerosis including 17 patients with soft plaque,10 patients with hard plaque and the other 16 with mixed plaque.Color ultra-sound was used to measure the carotid intimal medial thickness(IMT) and define the type of plaque.Levels of hs-CRP,Lp (a) and SOD were detected and analyzed in this study.Results (1) Levels of hs-CRP,Lp-a,SOD and IMT were significantly different in group A ((7.39±2.25) ag/L,(428.43±102.25) mmol/L,(71.35±21.52) KU/L and (1.23±0.31) mm,respectively),group B((7.41±1.67) mg/L,(432.12±96.43) mmol/L,(68.14±15.25) KU/L and (1.18±0.26) mm,respectively),and group C ((2.11 ± 0.86) mg/L,(193.32 ± 62.31) mmol/L,(94.23 ± 21.13)KU/L and (0.61 ±0.22) mm,respectively),the differences were significant (F =2.998,2.783,2.032,2.802;P＜0.05).Plaque incidence was increased in group A(68.9％) and group B(69.2％) compared with group C (12.5％) with statistical significance (x2=17.863,17.989;P＜0.001).(2) Furthermore,for CRF patients,hsCRP and Lp-a were positively related to IMT in group A (r =O.436,0.279;P＜0.05) and group B (r =0.652,0322;P ＜ 0.05),SOD presenting negative relationship with IMT (r =-0.283,P ＜ 0.01 for group A,and r =-0.164,P＜0.05 for group B).(3) Level of hs-CRP and Lp-a in carotid atherosclerosis group were higher than those in non carotid atherosclerosis group((7.58±2.47) mg/L vs.(3.41±1.26) mg/L,(437.31±115.38) mmol/L vs.(256.24± 101.22) mmol/L),the differences were significant (t =2.917,2.583;P ＜0.05).Level of SOD in carotid atherosclerosis group was lower than that in non carotid atherosclerosis group ((68.43±13.36) KU/L vs.(76.22±17.12) KU/L),the difference was signifiant(t=2.156,P＜0.05).(4)Level of hs-CRP and SOD in patients with soft plaque and mixed plaque were statistically different from those in patients with hard plaque(F=4.210,2.056;P＜0.05).Conclusion The micro-inflammatory status,oxidative stress and disturbance of Lp-a metabolism are extensively existed in CRF patients and closely connect to each other.Therefore,they might correlate with the formation of plaques in carotidartery.