ObjectiveTo investigate whether immune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer. Methods4 groups of mice with tumor are injected saline, immume adjuvant, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine, respectively. Tumor volume and weight are measured 21 d later.ResultsThe tumor size in the DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine group was significantly small compared with control group (P=0.001) and the DC vaccine group (P=0.047).ConclusionImmune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer.

Objective To explore the treatment of complications associated with non-functioning renal allografts using embolism of renal artery.Methods Six patients with non-functioning renal allografts were treated with renal artery embolism,morphous,blood flow of allografts and symptoms were observed.Results Hematuria disappeared in 3 days after embolism;blood pressure levels controlled by drugs were in a normal region.Using color Doppler sonography,we found no blood flow in 4 cases,discontinuous blood flow in 2 cases.Blood flow disappeared in all 6 allografts 3 months later,and the allografts had atrophied.Conclusion Embolism of renal artery may be an effective and safe method for the treatment of complications associated with non-functioning renal allografts,especially for some severe patients;it could avoid the risks of operation.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma subtyping.Methods 206 cases with renal tumors were confirmed by pathology and surgery from June 2012 to June 2014,including 113 male cases and 93 female cases.The mean age was 54 years (range 23-80 years).The subtype of renal tumor included clear cell carcinoma in 147 cases,papillary cell carcinoma in 32 cases,chromophobe cell carcinoma in 27 cases.All patients were received the CEUS before operation.The enhancement patterns,degree of enhancement,the appearance of necrosis and the time-intensity curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed.Results Enhancement patterns of CEUS were showed by fast in and fast out in 63.9％ (94/147)cases with clear cell carcinoma,59.4％ (19/32) cases with papillary cell carcinoma,51.9％ (14/27) cases with chromophobe cell carcinoma.Statistical significant diference was shown among those subtype groups (P ＜ 0.05).Most of the clear cell carcinomas (127/147,86.4％) showed hyperenhancing.While,the papillary renal cell carcinoma (22/32,68.8％) and chromophobe cell carcinoma (15/27,55.6％) showed hypoenhancing (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of necrosis in clear renal cell carcinoma was 62.6％ (92/147),and 59.4％ (19/32) in papillary cell carcinoma.necrosis area accounted for only 18.5％ (5/27)in chromophobe cell carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).In the time-intensity curve analysis,the initial time,the average arrival time,the time to peak and area under the curve in renal cortex was (11.06 ± 2.75) s,(23.42 ± 2.79) s,(27.47 ± 3.02) dB,(35.01 ± 2.94)dB,respectively.Significant differences in those items were found in clear cell carcinoma,which was(8.01 ± 1.89) s,(20.05 ± 3.01) s,(30.03 ± 2.98) dB,(37.64 ± 4.01) dB respectively,compared with those in cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in papillary cell carcinoma were (1 1.12 ± 2.43) s,(27.29 ± 3.54) s,(20.13 ± 2.67) dB,(34.67 ±3.24) dB,respectively.The curve showed the time to peak was higher and the peak intensity were lower than those of renal cortex (P ＜0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in chromophobe cell carcinoma were (11.32 ± 2.90) s,(22.21 ± 3.62) s,(22.02 ± 2.52) dB,(28.67 ± 3.65) dB,respectively.The curve demonstrated peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than those of surrounding renal cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of tumor diameter after contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clear cell carcinoma was about (0.35 ± 0.11)cm and in nonclear cell carcinoma was about (0.23 ± 0.10) cm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The contrast-enhanced ultrasound played an important role in diagnosis and subtype renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system for investigating the genetic polymorphisms and to assess its application value in forensic science. METHODS: A multiplex PCR system was established using a five color fluorescence labeling 29 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389 I , DYS437, DYS447, DYS389 11, DYS438, DYS522, DYS460, DYS458, DYS622, DYS390, DYS392, DYS448, DYS449, DYS391, Y-GA TA-H4, DYS388, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS393, DYS459a/b, DYS635, DYS439, DYS570 and DYS627) for multiple amplification and capillary electrophoresis. And its applicability was validated with genetic polymorphism data of 29 Y-STR of unrelated 2,000 male samples in Shandong Han population. RESULTS: A total of 1,981 different haplotypes of 2,000 individuals showed genotype diver- sity between 0.370 0 and 0.965 4. The system provided stable and accurate typing with high sensitivity of 0.05 ng. It satisfied the needs of variety of routine biological samples. CONCLUSION The 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system could be applied for actual cases and establishment of Y-STR database. In addition, it has great significance in forensic science practices and related research.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Forensic Sciences ; Genetics, Population/methods* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of von H ippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.Methods The clinic data of one kindred with VHL disease type Ⅱ B was reviewed including clinical manifestation,imaging,pathology and therapy.A 40-year-old male complained of the left upper extremity numbness for 6 months,and a variety of visceral tumors were found 3 months ago.Contrast-enhanced MR imaging showed multiple brain tumors.CT showed left kidney tumor,pancreatic tumor,pars-aortic tumor and left adrenal tumor.Fundoscopy showed multiple retinal hemangioblastoma.PET-CT discovered abdominal multiple tumors.And pedigree analysis was to determine the family medical history,and 6 members got genetic screening.Results In the kindred with VHL disease type Ⅱ B,9 members (30％) out of 40members in 4 generations got the disease.Six members got genetic screening,and the result showed 5 (5/6) members had mutation.Three (3/5) members with 3 sites genetic mutation showed clinical manifestation,1 (1/5) members with 3 sites genetic mutation without clinical manifestation found brain tumors by MRI,and 1 ( 1/5 ) member with 1 site genetic mutation did not find disease by comprehensive checkup.The main mutation located at exon 1 in chromosome 3p25 of VHL gene.All mutation was hetcrozygous mutation.The 295,337 and 337 nucleotide thymine of the VHL gene were substituted by cytosine,cytosine and adenine,which made the 98th,112th and 112th tyrosine substituted by histidine and asparagines.One member with 1 site mutation had 98th tyrosine substituted by cytosine.The first operation was to remove brain tumor,and the second operation was to remove adrenal tumor,para-aortic tumor and renal tumor.Pathology of the brain tumors showed hemangioblastoma,and the retroperitoneal tumors were clear cell carcinoma,paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma.Followed up for 6 months after operation,no relapse occurred.Conclusions VHL disease is a relatively rare autosomal dominant disorder.Comprehensive management of patients should also include genetic counseling and screening for other manifestations of the disease process.Genetic testing might be helpful in early detection of asymptomatic VHL patients.Members having gene mutation should be followed up strictly.Surgical management of VHL disease should be decided on the base of comprehensive assess.Multiple lesions could be cut off in one operation.For patients with pheochromocytoma,pheochromocytoma shuld be handled first.

The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the vertral medial area of nucleus facialis (vMNF) on the myoelectric activities of genioglossus were observed in 26 urethane-anaesthetized and vagotomized rabbits. The results are as follows: (1) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibitited the myoelectric activities of genioglossus markedly. (2) Microinjection of glutamate into the vMNF caused inhibitory response of the myoelectric activities of genioglossus. (3) When single pulse electrical stimulation on vMNF, measurement latency of genioglossus myoelectric activities was (20.6±0.4)ms. These results suggested that the excitation of vMNF could decrease the myoelectric activities of genioglossus so that the resistance of upper airway might be enhanced.

Objective To assess the association of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation with histologic subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma .Methods Lung cancer tissues were collected from 3 028 cases of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer , DNA was extracted respectively ,and EGFR gene exons 18 ,19 ,20 and 2l mutations were dectected by ARMS‐PCR amplification . The association of EGFR mutation with histologic subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed .Results The mutation rate of EGFR detection was 39 .7% ,most were exon 19 del and exon 21 L858R (proportion 89 .8% );according to the new classification , EGFR gene mutation in infiltrating lesions with micro infiltrating adenocarcinoma and infiltrating adenocarcinoma were different (P<0 .05) .EGFR mutation rates were higher in moderately differentiated lung adenocarcinoma ,degree of differentiation of EGFR mutation rates were statistically different(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The new classification showes a correlation with molecular diag‐nosis ,different subtypes of EGFR mutation rate is different .There is a certain correlation between EGFR gene mutation and the de‐gree of differentiation in adenocarcinoma .

Objective To assess the factors affecting survival of malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma.Methods The clinical data of 85 malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma patients were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were followed up,the duration from 2 months to 283 months,the median time was 48 months.The overall survivals of 5 years and 10 years were calculated.The possible affecting factors,such as gender,age,tumor function,metastatic sites,metastatic fields,incipience or recurrence,the time to recur,were analyzed.Survival differences between groups were compared with the log rank test.Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox regression analysis to detect variables independently associated with survival.All P values were 2 tailed with P ＜ 0.05 considered statistically significant.All statistical analysis was done by SPSS 17.0 software package.Results The overall median survival time was 62 months,5-year survival rate was 44.7％,10-year survival rate was 11.8％.Gender (P =0.649),age (P =0.228),incipience or recurrence (P =0.217) had no significant effect on the survival time.Significance was found in tumor function (P =0.034),metastatic sites,metastatic fields (P =0.009),the time to recur (P =0.003).The median survival time of patients with nonfunctioning tumor and functioning tumor was 90 months and 37 months.The median survival time of patients with multiple system metastases and single system metastasis was 37 months and 117 months.For the patients with single system invaded,there were 15 cases (26.8％) of bone metastasis,10 cases (17.9％) of lymph node metastasis,8 (14.3％) of liver metastasis,7 (12.5％) of lung metastasis,6 (10.7％) of renal metastasis,6 (10.7％) of intestine metastasis and 4 (7.1％) of brain metastasis.The median survival time was 110,77,28,14,26,8 and 19 months.The median survival time of patients with lung,liver,intestine metastasis were shorter than the other patients (P ＜ 0.05).Fifty-five patients were found recurrence after operation,recurrent time was from 4 to 65 months,and the median time was 22 months.The survival time of patients with recurrence within 2 years was shorter than patients above 2 years (P =0.003).Conclusions The prognosis of malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma is poor.Gender,age,incipience or recurrence could not affect the overall survival time.The survival time has relationship with the function of tumor,metastatic field,metastatic sites and time to recurrence.The patients with nonfunctioning tumor have longer survival time than those with functioning tumors.The survival time of patients with single system invaded is longer than ones with multiple systems invaded.The common metastatic sites are bone,lymph node,liver,lung,kidney,intestine and brain.Patients with intestine metastasis have worst prognosis.The patients with only bone and lymph node metastasis have best prognosis.Patients with recurrence above 2 years have a better prognosis than those within 2 years.

Objective Combined with the patients arthritis symptoms and signs,TCM syndrome differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis was undertaken to investigate TCM syndrome distribution.Methods A total of 656 patients of rheumatoid arthritis from October 1st 2010 to January 1st 2012 hospitalized in Shandong Qingdao Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine hospital were untaken TCM syndrome differentiation according to their symptoms and signs.Results The main syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis patients were cold-dampness blockage syndrome and liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,followed by cold-wind blockage syndrome,deficiency of Qi and blood syndrome,and dampness-heat blockage syndrome.The highest scores of ESR and C reactive protein appeared in dampness-heat blockage syndrome group,with ESR being (56.23 ± 13.87) ram/h,CRP being (69.49± 21.56) mg/L.These values showed significant difference than other syndrome group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference of rheumatoid factor,immunoglobulin IgG,IgA,IgM values among these syndrome groups (P＞0.05).Comparison of age,course of disease showed the liver and kidney deficiency syndrome group (age was 59.3± 12.15,duration was 7.98 ± 3.76)and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome group (age was 52.5± 11.5,duration was 6.56±3.12) were significant higher than cold-dampness blockage syndrome,damp-heat blockage syndrome group and cold-wind blockage syndrome group with the age of (46.2± 11.12) and (45.8± 11.60),(43.5± 12.50) respectively and course of (5.56±2.76),(5.78±2.98),(5.12±2.32) respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusion The main TCM syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis patients in Qingdao area were cold-dampness syndrome,liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,followed by cold-wind blockage sydrome,Qi and blood deficiency syndrome,damp-heat blockage syndrome.Among all syndromes,relatively high age and disease course of patients appeared in liver and kidney deficiency syndrome and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome.

AIM: To investigate the difference of cognitive impairment and depression between age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) group and the control group patients. ·METHODS: A prospective case-control study was performed from November 2014 to August 2016 in the hospital for AMD patients and sex-matched control group. The Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) score of each patient were collected for statistical analyzing. ·RESULTS: There were total 84 cases ( 168 eyes ) included in the study. The difference of visual acuity between the two group was statistically significant ( F=8. 953, P=0. 004) by baseline data analyzing. There were no significant differences in MMSE scores between the two groups according to educational status ( P>0. 05 ) , while the prevalence of cognitive impairment in each group was statistically significant (x2 =4. 14, P=0. 042). The difference of GDS scores, prevalence of total and mild depression between two groups were both statistically significant (F=5. 852, P=0. 018; x2=6. 372, P=0. 012; x2 = 5. 674, P = 0. 017 ). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of moderate to severe depression (x2=0. 672, P=0. 412). ·CONCLUSION: AMD patients have a higher prevalence of depression. Although MMSE score differences were not statistically significant in subgroup analysis by educational levels, AMD patients are more likely to have cognitive impairment overall.