ObjectiveTo investigate whether immune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer. Methods4 groups of mice with tumor are injected saline, immume adjuvant, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine, respectively. Tumor volume and weight are measured 21 d later.ResultsThe tumor size in the DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine group was significantly small compared with control group (P=0.001) and the DC vaccine group (P=0.047).ConclusionImmune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer.

Objective To explore the treatment of complications associated with non-functioning renal allografts using embolism of renal artery.Methods Six patients with non-functioning renal allografts were treated with renal artery embolism,morphous,blood flow of allografts and symptoms were observed.Results Hematuria disappeared in 3 days after embolism;blood pressure levels controlled by drugs were in a normal region.Using color Doppler sonography,we found no blood flow in 4 cases,discontinuous blood flow in 2 cases.Blood flow disappeared in all 6 allografts 3 months later,and the allografts had atrophied.Conclusion Embolism of renal artery may be an effective and safe method for the treatment of complications associated with non-functioning renal allografts,especially for some severe patients;it could avoid the risks of operation.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system for investigating the genetic polymorphisms and to assess its application value in forensic science. METHODS: A multiplex PCR system was established using a five color fluorescence labeling 29 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389 I , DYS437, DYS447, DYS389 11, DYS438, DYS522, DYS460, DYS458, DYS622, DYS390, DYS392, DYS448, DYS449, DYS391, Y-GA TA-H4, DYS388, DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS527a/b, DYS393, DYS459a/b, DYS635, DYS439, DYS570 and DYS627) for multiple amplification and capillary electrophoresis. And its applicability was validated with genetic polymorphism data of 29 Y-STR of unrelated 2,000 male samples in Shandong Han population. RESULTS: A total of 1,981 different haplotypes of 2,000 individuals showed genotype diver- sity between 0.370 0 and 0.965 4. The system provided stable and accurate typing with high sensitivity of 0.05 ng. It satisfied the needs of variety of routine biological samples. CONCLUSION The 29 Y-STR loci multiplex PCR system could be applied for actual cases and establishment of Y-STR database. In addition, it has great significance in forensic science practices and related research.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Forensic Sciences ; Genetics, Population/methods* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma subtyping.Methods 206 cases with renal tumors were confirmed by pathology and surgery from June 2012 to June 2014,including 113 male cases and 93 female cases.The mean age was 54 years (range 23-80 years).The subtype of renal tumor included clear cell carcinoma in 147 cases,papillary cell carcinoma in 32 cases,chromophobe cell carcinoma in 27 cases.All patients were received the CEUS before operation.The enhancement patterns,degree of enhancement,the appearance of necrosis and the time-intensity curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed.Results Enhancement patterns of CEUS were showed by fast in and fast out in 63.9％ (94/147)cases with clear cell carcinoma,59.4％ (19/32) cases with papillary cell carcinoma,51.9％ (14/27) cases with chromophobe cell carcinoma.Statistical significant diference was shown among those subtype groups (P ＜ 0.05).Most of the clear cell carcinomas (127/147,86.4％) showed hyperenhancing.While,the papillary renal cell carcinoma (22/32,68.8％) and chromophobe cell carcinoma (15/27,55.6％) showed hypoenhancing (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of necrosis in clear renal cell carcinoma was 62.6％ (92/147),and 59.4％ (19/32) in papillary cell carcinoma.necrosis area accounted for only 18.5％ (5/27)in chromophobe cell carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).In the time-intensity curve analysis,the initial time,the average arrival time,the time to peak and area under the curve in renal cortex was (11.06 ± 2.75) s,(23.42 ± 2.79) s,(27.47 ± 3.02) dB,(35.01 ± 2.94)dB,respectively.Significant differences in those items were found in clear cell carcinoma,which was(8.01 ± 1.89) s,(20.05 ± 3.01) s,(30.03 ± 2.98) dB,(37.64 ± 4.01) dB respectively,compared with those in cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in papillary cell carcinoma were (1 1.12 ± 2.43) s,(27.29 ± 3.54) s,(20.13 ± 2.67) dB,(34.67 ±3.24) dB,respectively.The curve showed the time to peak was higher and the peak intensity were lower than those of renal cortex (P ＜0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in chromophobe cell carcinoma were (11.32 ± 2.90) s,(22.21 ± 3.62) s,(22.02 ± 2.52) dB,(28.67 ± 3.65) dB,respectively.The curve demonstrated peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than those of surrounding renal cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of tumor diameter after contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clear cell carcinoma was about (0.35 ± 0.11)cm and in nonclear cell carcinoma was about (0.23 ± 0.10) cm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The contrast-enhanced ultrasound played an important role in diagnosis and subtype renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of bupivacaine, lidocaine and saline injections in alleviating post tonsillectomy pain. METHOD: We recruited 60 patients into the study. All subjects were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 received 0.9% sodium chloride (saline group), group 2 received 0.25% bupivacaine (bupivacaine group) and group 3 received 2% lidocaine (lidocaine group), infiltrated around each tonsil. Pain was evaluated with McGrath's face scale. RESULT: The postoperative pain scores at 2 and 6 hours were similar among the groups (P>0.05). The pain scores in the bupivacaine group were lower than those in the saline group at 12 h (P<0.05). The pain scores in the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups were significantly lower than those in the saline group from 18 to 24 hours until day 7 (P<0.05). There was no difference between the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION Local infiltration of bupivacaine is a relatively and safe effective method and is equivalent to use of lidocaine for post tonsillectomy pain.
Analgesia ; methods ; Bupivacaine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Snoring ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy

Objective To assess the factors affecting survival of malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma.Methods The clinical data of 85 malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma patients were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were followed up,the duration from 2 months to 283 months,the median time was 48 months.The overall survivals of 5 years and 10 years were calculated.The possible affecting factors,such as gender,age,tumor function,metastatic sites,metastatic fields,incipience or recurrence,the time to recur,were analyzed.Survival differences between groups were compared with the log rank test.Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox regression analysis to detect variables independently associated with survival.All P values were 2 tailed with P ＜ 0.05 considered statistically significant.All statistical analysis was done by SPSS 17.0 software package.Results The overall median survival time was 62 months,5-year survival rate was 44.7％,10-year survival rate was 11.8％.Gender (P =0.649),age (P =0.228),incipience or recurrence (P =0.217) had no significant effect on the survival time.Significance was found in tumor function (P =0.034),metastatic sites,metastatic fields (P =0.009),the time to recur (P =0.003).The median survival time of patients with nonfunctioning tumor and functioning tumor was 90 months and 37 months.The median survival time of patients with multiple system metastases and single system metastasis was 37 months and 117 months.For the patients with single system invaded,there were 15 cases (26.8％) of bone metastasis,10 cases (17.9％) of lymph node metastasis,8 (14.3％) of liver metastasis,7 (12.5％) of lung metastasis,6 (10.7％) of renal metastasis,6 (10.7％) of intestine metastasis and 4 (7.1％) of brain metastasis.The median survival time was 110,77,28,14,26,8 and 19 months.The median survival time of patients with lung,liver,intestine metastasis were shorter than the other patients (P ＜ 0.05).Fifty-five patients were found recurrence after operation,recurrent time was from 4 to 65 months,and the median time was 22 months.The survival time of patients with recurrence within 2 years was shorter than patients above 2 years (P =0.003).Conclusions The prognosis of malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma is poor.Gender,age,incipience or recurrence could not affect the overall survival time.The survival time has relationship with the function of tumor,metastatic field,metastatic sites and time to recurrence.The patients with nonfunctioning tumor have longer survival time than those with functioning tumors.The survival time of patients with single system invaded is longer than ones with multiple systems invaded.The common metastatic sites are bone,lymph node,liver,lung,kidney,intestine and brain.Patients with intestine metastasis have worst prognosis.The patients with only bone and lymph node metastasis have best prognosis.Patients with recurrence above 2 years have a better prognosis than those within 2 years.

The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the vertral medial area of nucleus facialis (vMNF) on the myoelectric activities of genioglossus were observed in 26 urethane-anaesthetized and vagotomized rabbits. The results are as follows: (1) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibitited the myoelectric activities of genioglossus markedly. (2) Microinjection of glutamate into the vMNF caused inhibitory response of the myoelectric activities of genioglossus. (3) When single pulse electrical stimulation on vMNF, measurement latency of genioglossus myoelectric activities was (20.6±0.4)ms. These results suggested that the excitation of vMNF could decrease the myoelectric activities of genioglossus so that the resistance of upper airway might be enhanced.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of von H ippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.Methods The clinic data of one kindred with VHL disease type Ⅱ B was reviewed including clinical manifestation,imaging,pathology and therapy.A 40-year-old male complained of the left upper extremity numbness for 6 months,and a variety of visceral tumors were found 3 months ago.Contrast-enhanced MR imaging showed multiple brain tumors.CT showed left kidney tumor,pancreatic tumor,pars-aortic tumor and left adrenal tumor.Fundoscopy showed multiple retinal hemangioblastoma.PET-CT discovered abdominal multiple tumors.And pedigree analysis was to determine the family medical history,and 6 members got genetic screening.Results In the kindred with VHL disease type Ⅱ B,9 members (30％) out of 40members in 4 generations got the disease.Six members got genetic screening,and the result showed 5 (5/6) members had mutation.Three (3/5) members with 3 sites genetic mutation showed clinical manifestation,1 (1/5) members with 3 sites genetic mutation without clinical manifestation found brain tumors by MRI,and 1 ( 1/5 ) member with 1 site genetic mutation did not find disease by comprehensive checkup.The main mutation located at exon 1 in chromosome 3p25 of VHL gene.All mutation was hetcrozygous mutation.The 295,337 and 337 nucleotide thymine of the VHL gene were substituted by cytosine,cytosine and adenine,which made the 98th,112th and 112th tyrosine substituted by histidine and asparagines.One member with 1 site mutation had 98th tyrosine substituted by cytosine.The first operation was to remove brain tumor,and the second operation was to remove adrenal tumor,para-aortic tumor and renal tumor.Pathology of the brain tumors showed hemangioblastoma,and the retroperitoneal tumors were clear cell carcinoma,paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma.Followed up for 6 months after operation,no relapse occurred.Conclusions VHL disease is a relatively rare autosomal dominant disorder.Comprehensive management of patients should also include genetic counseling and screening for other manifestations of the disease process.Genetic testing might be helpful in early detection of asymptomatic VHL patients.Members having gene mutation should be followed up strictly.Surgical management of VHL disease should be decided on the base of comprehensive assess.Multiple lesions could be cut off in one operation.For patients with pheochromocytoma,pheochromocytoma shuld be handled first.

Postoperative peritoneal adhesion represents a major complication of surgery. Recently, the angiogenesis which cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme induced was found to play an important role in the adhesion synthesis. This review summarized the relationship between COX-2 induced angiogenesis and peritoneal ad- hesion.

Objective To investigate the surgical treatment value to the deep coma patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. Methods The clinical manifestations were recorded and analyzed in 43 patients suffering from cerebellar hemorrhage. Thirty-two patients(surgical treatment group) were treated with suboccipital decompression, clot evacuation and external ventricular drainage, and 11 patients (conservative treatment group) were managed conservatively. The level of consciousness was evaluated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and GCS scores of all enrolled patients was less than 5. Outcome was assessed with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after onset. Results At 6 months after onset, the fatality rate in surgical treatment group was 31.25%(10/32), in conservative treatment group was 6/11, and there was no significant difference (χ2=1.04, P=0.310). The rate of bad outcome (GOS 1-3 scores) in surgical treatment group was 75.00%(24/32), in conservative treatment group was 11/11, and there was no significant difference (χ2=2.40, P=0.120). In the patients of more than 60 years old, the rate of good outcome between surgical treatment group and conservative treatment group had no significant difference:5/16 vs. 0,χ2=6.00, P=0.060. Conclusions Although fatality rate is lower, the long-term prognosis couldn′ t be improved by surgical treatment in the cerebellar hemorrhage patients with GCS≤5 scores when the brainstem function isn′t evaluated.