Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate on the prevent?ing of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A total of 150 viripotent ICR mice(100 male mice, 50 female mice) were randomly di?vided into five groups(n=30), including A group (Sham group), B group (Model group), C group [Fosinopril prevented group, 20 mg/(kg·d)], D group [Fenofibrate prevented group, 400 mg/(kg·d)] and E group (Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate pre?vented group). The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 gene mRNA were determined by RT-PCR method. TUNEL staining method was used to detect the apoptosisi of retinal cells. Results The Bcl-2 mRNA of A group, Bax mRNA of B group were higher than those of other four groups. Bcl-2 mRNA of E group was higher than that of C group and D group, while the Bax mRNA was lower than those of two groups(all P<0.05). The TUNEL index of B group was the highest than other groups, which of E group

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on adhesion and expression of CD 44 in human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 .Methods The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups :control group and 3 sevoflurane groups exposed to 1 .7% ,3 .4% and 5 .1% sevollurane for 2 ,4 and 6 h respectively .Cell adhesion rate was detected by adhesion test and the expression of CD44 mRNA and protein was determined by qRT‐PCR .Results in Treat 1 ,2 ,3 ,the adhesion rate at 2 ,4 ,6 h were lower than that before treat ,mRNA expression of CD44 reduced (P<0 .05);the adhesion rate of Treat 2 and Treat 3 at 4 and 6 h were lower than that of 2 h ,and the mRNA expression of CD44 reduced (P<0 .05);the adhesion rate of Treat 2 and Treat 3 at 6 h were lower than that of 4 h ,and the mRNA expression of CD44 reduced (P<0 .05);compared with Control group ,the adhesion rate of Treat 1 ,2 and 3 at 2 ,4 ,6 h were all lower ,mRNA expression of CD44 reduced (P<0 .05);the differences between each group were statisyicaly significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit cell adhesion in a concentration and duration of exposure dependent manner ,and its mechanism could be related with the down regulation of CD44 expression .

AIM To investigate the influence on change of SOD and MDA in the blood of rats which had cellular immunoreactive colitis by Fengliao Changweikang Granule (CWKG). METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Numbers of each group were 32. Animal model of rat cellular iumynoreactive colitis was made by TNBS and ethanol mixed liguid enema. Rats were killed at the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 21st day respectively. Gross morphologic observation of intestinal wall was made, SOD vitality and MDA content in blood were determined. RESULTS At day 7 and 21, the intestinal wall damage criterion value of large dosage group was lower than model group ( P

BACKGROUND:The internal structures of the colagen-heparan sulfate scaffold and human nerve are very similar. OBJECTIVE: To explore thein vivo biocompatibility of colagen-heparin sulfate scaffold. METHODS:Forty pigs were randomly divided into two groups, 20 in each group: observation group and control group. Medulo-puncture needle was inserted 1.0 cm adjacent to the midline of anterior fontanele into the subarachnoid space, and then removed gradualy. Colagen-heparin sulfate scaffold was implanted into the observation group, and no treatment was given in the control group. Brain tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope, and cel apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression were detected at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the electron microscope, there were some damaged neurons in the observation group with the emergence of demyelination changes in the myelinated nerve fibers; positiveexpression of Caspase-3 protein was found at the junction between the brain tissue and scaffold as wel as within the scaffold, but no positive expression was found in the surrounding tissue. There was no cel apoptosis within 30 days after surgery except for individual apoptotic neurons both in the observation group and control group. The number of apoptotic cels in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at days 1, 3, 7, 14 days after surgery (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups at 30 days after surgery (P > 0.05). Caspase-3 protein expression was at a low state in the two groups, but the protein expression of Caspase-3 was higher in the observation group than the control group at days 3 and 7 after surgery (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the colagen heparin sulfate scaffold has good biocompatibility in the porcine brain.

Aim To investigate whether necroptosis mediates chemical hypoxia-induced HT22 mouse hippocampal cell injury and inflammation.Methods HT22 hippocampal cells were exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to establish a model of the chemical hypoxia-induced injury and inflammation.The expression level of RIP3 (an index of necroptosis) was determined by Western blot.Cell counter kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to test the cell viability.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium was measured with commercial kits.Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by rhodamine123 staining followed by photofluorography.The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2', 7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining followed by photofluorography.The secretion levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA.Results Treatment of HT22 hippocampal cells with 600 μmol·L-1 CoCl2 for 36 h markedly induced cytotoxicity, leading to a decrease in cell viability to (52.0±2.65) % , indicating that chemical hypoxia-induced cellular injury model was successfully set up.Besides, CoCl2 induced considerable injuries and inflammation, evidenced by increases in LDH activity, ROS production, MMP loss, as well as the secretion levels of IL-1β and TNF-α.Co-treatment of the cells with 40~100 μmol·L-1 Nec-1 (a specific inhibitor of necroptosis) and CoCl2 markedly attenuated the decrease in viability induced by CoCl2, reaching the best anti-cytotoxicity inhibitory effect at 80 μmol·L-1.Meanwhile, the co-treatment with 80 μmol·L-1 Nec-1 blocked the above injuries and inflammatory response induced by CoCl2.In addition, treatment of HT22 hippocampal cells for 6~48 h up-regulated the expression of RIP3, and Nec-1 alleviated the up-regulation of RIP3 expression level induced by CoCl2.Conclusion Necroptosis mediates chemical hypoxia-induced HT22 hippocampal cell injury and inflammation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of liraglutide in the treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the efficacy of liraglutide for NAFLD treatment were searched in multiple databases,including Pubmed,EMBASE,the Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP.Literature identification and data extraction were based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results A total of 7 RCTs with 500 patients of NAFLD were included.Improved liver histology,or improved the level of alanine aminotransferase[WMD=-25.32,95％CI(-37.22,-13.41),P<0.01] and aspartate aminotransferase[WMD=-24.56,95％CI(-35.10,-14.03),P<0.01] were seen in 12-48 weeks liraglutide treatment.However,liraglutide could not decreased the level of serum cholesterol[WMD=-14.38,95％CI(-48.95,-20.20),P=0.42] and triglyceride[WMD=-15.55,95％CI(-36.20,-5.10),P=0.14].Conclusion liraglutide has the therapeutic effect of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutical effects of crossing anastomosis of nerve on the peripheral and central nerve injuries.

METHODSTwelve kinds of central and peripheral nerve disorders and their complications were treated with 11 kinds of crossing anastomosis of nerve bundles near the innervated organs. After nerve injury and repair, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing studies were used to investigate the rabbit's nerve function and morphology.

RESULTSThe ulcers of all patients healed. Sensation, voluntary movement, and joint function recovered. Four weeks after the anastomosis of distal stump of radialis superficialis nerve and median nerve, pain sensation regained and SEPs appeared. HRP retrograde tracing studies demonstrated sensory nerve ending of medial nerve formed new connection with the body of neuron.

CONCLUSIONCrossing anastomosis of nerve is an effective method to treat peripheral and central nerve injuries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Central Nervous System ; injuries ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Trauma, Nervous System ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

METHODSTwelve children with JIA who did not respond to conventional treatment were administered with thalidomide (2 mg/kg daily). The symptoms, signs, and laboratory test results were compared before and after treatment. The thalidomide-related side effects were observed.

RESULTSThe average dosage of prednisone was reduced from 1.92 ± 0.16 mg/kg•d to 0.49 ± 0.42 mg/kg•d in the 12 patients 6 months after thalidomide treatment (P<0.01). Four patients did not need prednisone treatment any more. White blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP) and serum ferritin (SF) significantly decreased after treatment in all of 12 patients (P<0.01). Hemoglobin level increased to normal in 8 patients after treatment (P<0.01). The number of affected joints decreased from 5 before treatment to zero to 2 after treatment in patients with polyarticular JIA (P<0.01). Signs of hip involvement and Schober's sign turned negative in enthesitis-related cases. No thalidomide-related side effects were observed.

CONCLUSIONSThalidomide is effective in the treatment of JIA in children who do not respond to conventional treatment.

Adolescent ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; blood ; drug therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalidomide ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of close manipulative reduction combined with minimally invasive percutaneous plate fixation(MIPPO) and conventional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

METHODSFrom April 2008 to March 2013, among the 75 patients with fractures of proximal humerus, 26 patients were male and 49 patients were female, ranging in age from 22 to 80 years; 18 patients had injuries caused by traffic accident and 57 patients had injuries caused by falling down. According to Neer classification, there were 49 cases of two-part fractures and 26 cases of three-part fractures. All the patients were divided into two groups: MIPPO group and ORIF group. There were 12 males and 21 females in the MIPPO group,including 22 cases of Neer two parts and 11 cases of Neer three parts, who were treated with close manipulative reduction combined with MIPPO. While the other 42 patients were in the ORIF group,including 16 males and 26 females. Among those patients,27 cases belonged to Neer two parts and 15 cases of Neer three parts, who were treated with ORIF. Length of the incision, blood loss, operating time, early postoperative pain(recorded by VAS), neck-shaft angle of proximal humerus and postoperative function of shoulder(recorded by Constant-Murley score, including pain, function, ROM and muscle length) were compared.

RESULTSThe mean lengths of incision were (6.74 +/- 0.38) cm in MIPPO group and (16.82 +/- 1.74) cm in ORIF group;blood losses were (110.15 +/- 29.49) ml in MIPPO group and (326.19 +/- 59.71) ml in ORIF group; operation times were (48.60 +/- 10.18) min in MIPPO group and (68.84-16.22) min in ORIF group. VAS of patients in MIPPO group on the 1st and 3rd days postoperatively were lower than those of patients in the ORIF group. The postoperative radiographs verified good position of all screws and satisfactory reduction of bone fracture reduction in both groups. All the patients were followed up,and the durig ranged from 8 to 24 months (mean 14.2 months). In the MIPPO group, there was no humeral head necrosis and all patients gained bone union; while in the ORIF group, 3 patients sustained nonunion and received reoperation for bone grafting, and 2 patients sustained humeral head necrosis. The mean Constant-Murley scores of shoulder were 88.94 +/- 2.57 in the MIPPO group and 86.00 +/- 3.36 in the ORIF group.

CONCLUSIONThe close manipulative reduction combined with MIPPO is a better choice for fixation of proximal humerus fractures, compared with conventional plate. This method possesses such advantages as a shorter incision, less disturbance of the blood supply and stable fixation of the fracture, allowing early exercise so that the function of shoulder recovers rapidly.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Humerus ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the correlation between electronic screen use and myopia among primary and secondary school students in six provinces and cities in China, in order to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia. Methods: From November 2020 to June 2022, a total of 16 557 primary and secondary school students from six provinces and cities in China (Beijing City, Liaoning Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Chongqing City) were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and probability smampling methods, and a questionnaire prepared by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used to investigate their electronic screen use. According to Screening Criteria for Myopia in Children and Adolescents, 0.5% mass concentration of compound topicamide eye drops was used to paralyze the ciliary muscle and undergo slit lamp optometry. Chisquare test was used to compare the differences between groups, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between electronic screen use and myopia. Results: About 58.3% of primary and secondary school students used electronic screens for more than two hours a day on average, and 63.4% of primary and secondary school students used continuously electronic products for more than 15 minutes at a time for nonstudy purposes. After adjusting for confounding factors, parents unrestricted use of electronic screen time and electronic screen time ≥2 h/d were positively correlated with myopia (OR=1.27, 1.13, P<0.05). Gender stratified analysis showed that boys who used electronic screen time ≥2 h/d had a higher risk of myopia (OR=1.15, P<0.05). The results of grade stratification analysis showed that parents unrestricted electronic screen use time and electronic screen time ≥2 h/d were positively correlated with myopia in the lower grade of primary school students (OR=1.34, 1.18, P<0.05). Among the higher grade of primary school students, continuous use of electronic screens for nonstudy purposes for more than 15 minutes at one time was positively correlated with myopia (OR=1.18, P<0.05). There was a multiplicative interaction between total screen time and one continuous screen time (OR=1.04, P<0.05). Conclusions Primary and secondary students in six provinces and cities in China reports excessive electronic screen usage which is associated with myopia. Schools and parents should jointly limit the use of electronic screen among primary and secondary students to reduce the occurrence of myopia.