Objective To observe the effect of aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent on the ability of space learning and memory in the rats with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) induced by Aβ 25-35 and Dgalactose and to explore the mechanisms underlying those improvements. Methods The animal model of AD was established by Aβ 25-35 stereotactic injection into the hippocampus of rats in 5 minutes,while long-term intraperitoneal injection with D-gal. After the injection of Aβ25-35,rats were treated with aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent for the next 30 days. Morris water maze with computer system and the spatial exploration experiments were used to assess the behavior performances of the rats. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of BiP, PERK and CHOP. Results The ability of space learning and memory of rats complex model of Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ25-35 and D-gal was damaged,while escape latency was (20.90± 9.16 ) s,and the proportion of original platform quadrant was ( 11.05 ± 4.43 ) %. The expression level of Bip was reduced ,while the mean gray was ( 139.71 ± 3.47 ). The expression level of PERK and CHOP was increased,while the mean gray were (97.96 ± 5.97 ), ( 110.93±4.91 )separately. The escape latency of rats in the aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups was ( 5.41 ± 3.47 ) s and shorter than the model group,while the proportion of original platform quadrant was (48.28 ± 7.03 )% and higher than the model group.The expression level of Bip in the treated group was higher than the model group, while the mean gray were ( 121.17 ±4.76). The expression level of PERK and CHOP in the treated group was lower than the model group,while the mean gray were ( 122.11 ± 4.73 ), ( 123.34 ± 7.73 ) separately. Significant differences were observed between model group and aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent treated groups (P＜ 0. 05 ～ 0. 01 ).Conclusion Aqueous extract of Broussonetia papyrifera ( L. ) Vent can improve learning and memory disorders of the model rats induced by Aβ25-35 and D-galactose. ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and correlated apoptosis pathway might be involved in the underlying mechanisms.

Objective To discuss the effect of community nursing intervention on medication compliance and control rates of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Community nursing intervention was conducted to 73 community patients with essential hypertension. The patients' medication compliance was compared before and after intervention and their control of blood pressure was also observed. Results The difference was statistically significant in the comparison of patients' knowledge of antihypertension and the proper use of antihypertensive drugs before and after intervention. Blood pressure control rate was 80.82%.Conclusions Community nursing intervention can improve patients' medication compliance and effectively control the blood pressure of the patients.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of rational use of essential medicines and further implementa-tion of essential medicines system. METHODS:Depended on the data (including the number of species,the amount of prescrip-tion and prescription departments,etc)of essential medicines(chemical drugs and biological drugs)use in outpatient and emergen-cy departments and wards of 20 sample medical and health institutions fromThe Hospital Prescriptions Cooperation Project,statis-tical analysis was performed by using Excel and Access software. RESULTS:The proportion of the amount of essential medicines included in National Essential Medicines List(2012 edition)or Beijing Essential Medicines(Supplementary list)(2012 edition)to the amount of total medicines(hereinafter referred to as the essential medicines use ratio)in medical and health institutions of Bei-jing from 2013 to the first half year of 2014 was small and showed a slight downward trend. The essential medicines use ratio of grade 2 and grade 3 general hospitals did not reached the required ratio by former Health Department. The essential medicines use ratio in different departments showed great differences,the essential medicines use ratio in imaging department was 100%,while chemotherapy departnent was 4.04%. The essential medicines use ratio in different medicines also showed great differences,5 kinds of drugs(including sulfani lamides)was 100%,while there were 16 kinds of drugs that was less than 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS:The essential medicines use ratio is relatively low in medical and health institutions of Beijing from 2013 to the first half year of 2014 and shows great differences in different departments and different medicines. It is suggested to further improve the essential medi-cines use ratio to better benefit the majority of patients by changing the prescribing habits of physicians,strengthening the advocacy of essential medicines policy and optimizing the use of essential medicines in different departments.

OBJECTIVE:Analyze drug use of pediatrics in China,and to provide reference for promoting research,develop-ment and supply of pediatric drugs. METHODS:Analyze the data of drug use in 2 632 514 pediatric patients aged from 0 to 14 of 78 sample hospitals from Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Hangzhou,Zhengzhou,Guangzhou and Chengdu in“The Hospital Prescriptions Cooperation Project”of Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association,statistical analysis was performed by using Excel and Access software. RESULTS:Pediatric patients in 78 sample hospitals of 7 regions had used 1 572 kinds of drugs from 2013 to 2014,but only 31.04%of drugs were pediatric drugs;both the ratio of pediatric drug types and the ra-tio of pediatric drugs use frequency had a great gap in different drug classifications. The ratio of drug use frequency in injection ad-ministration was 57.97%,and it was greatly higher than that of oral administration(31.04%). Among oral solid preparations,the ratio of drug use frequency for drugs with unreasonable specification was 29.57%,and ratio of drug types was 40.99%. CONCLU-SIONS:The pediatric patients had a great drug shortage in kinds,dosage forms and specifications in 78 sample hospitals of 7 re-gions during 2013-2014. Off-label drug use,high frequence of injection use,tablets used after breaking and other irrational phenom-ena were found in pediatric patients during clinical drug therapy,which reduced high risk of drug use. It is recommended that gov-ernment should strengthen and improve incentives mechanism of research,development and supply of pediatric drugs,so as to solve pediatric drug shortage in China,promote rational clinical drug therapy for children and guarantee the safety of drug use in pe-diatrics.

Objective To further analyze the chaos characteristics of heart rate variability(HRV) signals.Methods Analyzed HRV was obtained from 40 healthy subjects(20 olds,20 youngs) by means of Cao algorithm;Stability criteria was proposed to determine minimum embedding dimension;Meanwhile,we advanced a new quantative analysis method of studying HRV deterministic component,and applied the method to the old and young groups.Results Each subject's HRV was composed of both stochastic and deterministic components;Stability criteria could solve the subjective problem when determine minimum embedding dimension by Cao algorithm;Deterministic component in healthy old subjects was higher than the young.Conclusion In this paper,we have proved that HRV is deterministice chaos;Stability criteria works well for determining minimum embedding dimension;HRV decreases as age increases.

Objective To study the clinic characters of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods We evaluated the prevalence of acute and chronic complications in the LADA patients with serum antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) or to islet cell cytoplasmic antigens (ICA). The prevalence of acute and chronic complications were further compared with that in patients with acute onset type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Results The mean age, BMI, fasting and postprandial C peptide levels of the LADA patients were higher than those of type 1 diabetes and lower than those of type 2 diabetes. Of the LADA patients, 29.3% had ketosis. Although the frequency of repeated attack of ketosis in the LADA patients was similar to that in type 1 diabetes, the duration from diabetic onset to first ketosis in the LADA patients was much longer. The prevalence of retinopathy in the LADA patients was 19.5%, which was similar to that in type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of cataract in the LADA patients was 48.8%, which was similar to that in type 2 diabetes. Less LADA patients had microalbuminuria, compared with the other groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of overt nephropathy, neuropathy and hyperlipidemia among the three groups. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the LADA patients was similar to that in type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension in the LADA patients was higher than that in type 1 but lower than that in type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The clinic characters as well as acute and chronic complications in LADA patients are different from those in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factor of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease and essentiality of renal arteriography while performing coronary artery angiography. Methods Renal arteriography was performed immediately after coronary artery angiography in 114 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Results Incidence of renal artery stenosis was 18.4% (21/114) in 114 patients and 26% (20/77) in patients with coronary artery disease who were identified by coronary artery angiography. Only one case with renal artery stenosis was found in 37 cases whose coronary arteries were normal (2.7%, 1/37). Incidence of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease was higher than that in patients with normal coronary artery (26% vs 2.7%, P

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),one of the most common causes of anovulation-induced infertility,is largely dependent on the influence of obesity and metabolic alterations,including an insulinresistant state and the metabolic syndrome,which consistently affect most women with PCOS.The clinical phenotype and the pathophysiological interact between obesity and PCOS have also been changed obviously in these paitients.Obesity has profound effects on the reproductive function of PCOS women and,particularly the abdominal phenotype,may add to the chances of androgen excess,PCOS,insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia.Obesity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and obesity-associated metabolic alterations have a long-term impact on the patients' health.

Objective:To explore the relationship between cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in male patients with heroin dependence (MPHD). Methods: The cognitive function of 140 MPHD and 75 healthy controls were evaluated with Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Cancellation Test (CT) and Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST). The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in colorimetry. Results:The performances of WMS, CT and M-WCST in MPHD were significantly lower than that in healthy controls (93.7?13.8/102.9?12.3, t=-2.83; 161.6?32.8/194.4?26.5, t=-4.28; 18.8?7.8/25.0?7.5, t=-3.38, P