Objective: To compare with coliform bateria and Escherichia coli testing results in oral drugs. Methods: 24 species Chinese herb medicines and 35 kinds of Chinese traditional patent medicines in 68 batches were examined by using the method of coliform bacteria and escherichis coli test.Results: There were significant differences. Conclusion: The result showed that using the coliform bacterias as the hygienic indicative bacteria was significant.

Objective To evaluate the curative efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on bile leaks after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Data of 12 cases, hospitalized in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2016, with bile leaks after OLT confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas (MRCP) or ERCP were retrospectively analyzed . The curative efficacy of ERCP was evaluated including clinical symptoms of bile leaks and complications, occurrence time and location, diagnosis and treatment process and efficacy. Results In this study, 12 cases were male patients, with the average age of 49.75 ± 8.55 (age from 35 to 62 years old). Among them 11 cases were successfully treated by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), and the success rate of endoscopical therapy was 91.7%, the curative rate of bile leaks was 91.7%(11/12). No ERCP related serious complications and death were found in patients. Nine cases combined with biliary strictures and/or biliary duct stone/bile plug were performed endoscopic sphinctrotomy (EST) during the first time of ERCP, and accepted further ERCP treatment after 2 weeks when the bile leaks were healed. All patients with ENBD were carried out well except one case. Conclusion ERCP is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment method for different types of bile leaks after OLT.

? AIM: To investigate the influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells and its injury risk factors in diabetic cataract patients.?METHODS: From January 2013 to October 2015, 186 diabetic cataract patients ( 224 eyes ) as diabetes group and 190 patients with simple cataract ( 227 eyes ) as control group in our hospital were enrolled. All patients received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation. Observation of corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cells preoperatively, 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively were carried out, and multiple Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury was taken.?RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the density of corneal endothelial cells, the coefficient of variation and the percentage of hexagonal cells between the two groups before surgery (P>0. 05). Each time point after operation corneal endothelial cell density and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells of diabetes group were significantly lower than the preoperative and those of control group ( P < 0. 05 ). Each time after operation endothelial cell coefficient of variation of diabetes group were significantly higher than the preoperative(P<0. 05). The endothelial cell coefficient of variation in diabetes group of the 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0. 05 ) . Corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells of the control group at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly lower than the preoperative ( P<0. 05 ). The endothelial cell coefficient of variation of control group at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after operation were significantly higher than the preoperative(P<0. 05). Single factor analysis showed that age, shallow anterior chamber, long ultrasonic time, short eye axis, high energy ultrasonic, high cumulative released energy, a lot of perfusate and nuclear hardness ≥ grade Ⅲ associated with corneal endothelial cell injury ( P< 0. 05 ) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, long ultrasonic time, high ultrasonic energy, high cumulative released energy and nuclear hardness ≥ grade Ⅲ were the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury, the OR value and 95%CI were 1. 742 (1. 056-2. 682), 1. 958 (1. 227-3. 135), 2. 064(1. 274-3. 256), 2. 585(1. 493-3. 682), 2. 193 (1. 348-3. 316).?CONCLUSION: The injury of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract patients is more serious than in patients with simple cataract. Age, long ultrasonic time, high ultrasonic energy, high cumulative released energy and nuclear hardness ≥grade Ⅲ are the risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury.

Objective To provide the effective references for reasonable arrangement of nursing post by comparison on the core competence level and characteristics between the upgraded and the fulltime bachelor nurses.Methods Questionnaire survey based on the basic demographic data and the Competency Inventory for Chinese Registered Nurse for 391 clinical nurses from 13 three level of firstclass hospitals.Results The core competence score of the upgraded and the full-time bachelor nurses showed a moderate degree of satisfaction; the full-time bachelor nurses' total scores were higher than those of the upgraded nurses,and there were statistically significant differences among 6 dimensions included critical thinking and scientific research ability; there was no significant difference in clinical nursing dimension.Conclusions The full-time bachelor nurses' core competence is higher than that of the upgraded nurses in general,but no significant difference exists in clinical nursing dimension.

Objective To investigate the modulatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on the expressions of nu-clear factor kappa B (NF-κB), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cytokines in serum, and to explore the protective mechanism of GL in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaecharide (LPS). Method Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly(random number) divided into three groups (n = 8 in each) : normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group. Rats in the ALI group and GL treatment group were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg) intravenously. In GL treatment group, rats were treated with GL (20 mg/kg) one hour before LPS injec-tion. The animals were sacrificed 4 hours after injection of LPS, and then the lung wewt/dry ratio and PaO_2 were measured, the histopathology of lung injury was observed under light microscope, the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and GR mRNA in lung tissues were detected by using RT-PCR, and the levels of NF-κB protein and GR protein were determined by using Western blot. The levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum were observed by using ELISA.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 13.0 software, and means were compared with analysis of variance and Stu-dent-Newman-Keuls test. Results (1) TNF-α levels in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (43.96±7.57), (153.68±20.42), and (87.23±7.52) ng/L, respectively, and IL-10 levels were (24.72±8.03), (42.48±6.81) and (58.33±9.62) ng/L, respectively (F = 183.70, all P <0.01). (2) NF-κB mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.432±0.085), (3.414±0.521) and (1.894±0.272), respectively, and NF-κB protein levels were (45.6±7.3), (254.7±16.4)and (133.5 ±11.7) ng/L, respectively, and comparison between groups showed statistical significant (F = 187.82 and 1466.53, ALL P < 0.01). GR mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.434±0.013), (0.152±0.025) and (0.308±0.033), respectively, and GR protein levels were(54.6±6.5), (11.5±2.3)and (28.2±5.6) ng/L, respectively (F = 246.00 and 260.92, all P < 0.01). (3) Com-pared with normal group, infiltration of PMNs, capillary congestion and swelling were found in ALI group, and treatment with GL could attenuate the lung injury. Conclusions Glycyrrhizin has a protective effects on rats with ALI induced by LPS maybe through down-regulating the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and TNF-α mRNA, and up-regulating the expression of GR mRNA and level of IL-10 protein.

Background and purpose:Edible fungi has shown powerful potential in health care. This study aimed to explore the anti-tumor and immunoenhancement effects of combination of extraction from edible fungi. Methods:C26 cells has been xenografted into mice, and the animal models were randomly divided into control group, prevention group, treatment group and cyclophosphamide group. Mice were given the combination of extraction from edible fungi every day after vaccination of C26 cells into mice, except the prevention group which has been given the combination of extraction from edible fungi two weeks before vaccination. Two weeks after being planted, all the mice were killed and the tumor inhibition rates were studied. The immune function was measured by T lymphocyte transforming assay and NK killing assay. Results:There were signif icant difference in terms of tumor weight between prevention group and control group. The prevention group mice display improved T lymphocyte transforming assay and NK killing ability. Conclusions:The combination of extraction from edible fungi has remarkable inhibitory effects on C26 carcinoma in mice and can enhance immunity against mice with C26 carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a noninvasive way for assessment of kidney transplant function in the early posttransplantation period.Method Fifty-one kidney transplant recipients less than 1 month after kidney transplantation and 26 age-matched healthy volunteers were included and examined using a fatsaturated echo-planar DTI sequence in oblique-coronal orientation at 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) imager (diffusion directions=6,b =0,300 s/mm2).According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) recorded and calculated on the examined day,all subjects were divided into four groups:group 1,healthy volunteers (n =26) ; group 2,eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n =24) ; group 3,30≤eGFR＜60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n =19) ; group 4,eGFR＜30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n =8).Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) were determined separately for the cortex and the medulla.The paired Students t test was used to compare ADC and FA between cortex and medulla within each group.ADC and FA between groups were compared by using the one-way analysis of variance test.Relationship between ADC and FA with eGFR of the transplants was assessed by using Pearson correlation analysis.Result Mean cortical FA was significantly higher in group 1 than in other three groups (P＜0.01 for all),while differences among groups of allograft recipients were not significant (P＞0.05 for all).There was a gradually decreasing trend of medullary FA and ADC,and cortical ADC from group 2 to group 4,and the differences among groups were all pronounced (P＜0.05 for all).In renal allografts,there was a significant positive correlation between eGFR and medullary FA,medullary ADC as well as cortical ADC (r =0.812,0.756,0.757,respectively,P＜0.01).The cortical-medullary discrimination of FA-map and ADC-map in group 3 and group 4 apparently decreased.Meanwhile,DTI revealed that the radial diffusion tracts in the medulla of group 3 and group 4 obviously broke off and reduced,especially in group 4.Conclusion DTI is a promising way to evaluate kidney transplant function early after transplantion,and can quantitatively and visually distinguish transplants with different functions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness of anterior debridement,bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to June 2012,18 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis undergoing the surgical treatment by anterior debridement, bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation were reviewed retrospectively. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average age of 44 years old ranging from 35 to 67. Among them, 2 cases were simple low back pain,3 cases were low back pain combined with radiating pain of lower extremity and 13 cases were muscle strength hypesthesia. According to Fankle grading,the nerve function was grade C in 3 cases,grade D in 10 cases,grade E in 5 cases. Of these cases,L4.5 was involved in 8 cases,L5 in 4 cases and L5S1 in 6 cases. The lumbosacral angle was 150 to 270 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 45 to 93 mm/h before treatment. The clinical indexes including the lumbosacral incidence, Frankel grade and ESR were reviewed at follow-up.

RESULTSAll 18 cases were followed up for 14 to 22 months. The mean operation time was 180 min. The amount of bleeding was 400 to 800 ml. Except 1 case with iliac vein injuried and 4 cases with abdominal distension,no spinal injuries and severe relative complication occurred, and neurologic function improved in various degrees. Pain in lumbosacral area and radicular pain in lower extremities disappeared. The X-ray and CT films demonstrated that bony fusion was obtained in all patients during 9 to 13 months postoperatively. The lumbosacral angle and ESR were improved significantly.

CONCLUSIONAnterior debridement, bone graft, and posterior pedicle screw-rod internal fixation is an effective method in dealing with lumbosacral spine tuberculosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Bone Transplantation ; Debridement ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedicle Screws ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; surgery

The authors summarize Professor SHI Qi's clinical experience in diagnosing and treating chronic tendon and bone disease.The specific diagnosing and treating thinking and methods could be summarized as follows:1)Three stages,which means chronic tendon and bone disease could be treated according to early,medium and late stages.2) Three differentiations,which include differentiating disease,type and syndrome.3) Three examining,which include seeing patient clearly,reading the disease and getting the key point.In addition,Prof.SHI emphasizes threepoint syndrome differentiation which means the combination of the lesion's target,peri-target and whole syndrome characteristics differentiation.In the process of treatment,Prof.SHI emphasizes three methods combination of herb,technique and breathing technique.Both internal and external treatments should be used.Prof.SHI advocates that the control strategy should be the prevention,treatment and recuperation integration concept,including preventing disease,early treatment to prevent deterioration and preventing reoccurrence after cure.

Objective To explore the effects of Na+ H-exchanger 1(NHE1) knockdown on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein expression levels and cholesterol efflux in the hypoxic RAW264.7 cells.Methods The RAW264.7 cells were infected with lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA specific for NHE1(siNHE1) or scramble RNA (siNC).The expression of NHE1 at mRNA or protein level was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting respectively in the infected cells after 24 h in a hypoxia condition.In the meantime,the methods of SNARF-1,Fluo-4 NW andSuc-LLVY-aminoluciferin were employed to determine NHE1 activity,intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and calpain activity,respectively.Furthermore,ABCA1 protein levels were detected by Western blotting in the 24 h hypoxic cells.In parallel,the intracellular cholesterol content and cholesterol efflux were analyzed by the methods of combined enzymatic HLPC and 3 H-cholesterol.Results The hypoxia condition versus the normoxia condition up-regulated NHE1 mRNA and protein expression level and activity by 2.48 folds,1.28 folds and 61.96％ (all P＜0.05),and increased[Ca2+]i and calpain activity by 4.51 folds and 2.41 folds(all P＜0.05).Whereas the NHE1 mRNA and protein expression and activity at the presence of hypoxia were inhibited by siNHE1 with the inhibition ratio of 84.95％,60.75％ and 66.44％,respectively (all P＜0.05)and[Ca2+]i and calpain activity were reduced by 59.23％ and 54.66％ (P＜0.05).Furthermore,the ABCA1 protein level was 61.67％ lower in the hypoxic cells than in the normoxic cells (P＜0.05),and siNHE1 was increased by 56.52％ after treatment of Hypoxia.Hypoxia elevated intracellular total cholesterol and cholesterol ester by 74.57 ％ and 101.81％ (all P＜0.05).Treatment with siNHE1 in the hypoxia condition can reduce total cholesterol and cholesterol ester by 34.24 ％ 及 49.66 ％ (all P＜0.05).Hypoxia reduced the cholesterol efflux by 34.79％(P＜0.05),which were partially reversed by siNHE1.Conclusions NHE1 might play an important role in hypoxia-induced ABCA1 protein attenuation and reverse cholesterol transport dysfunction through[Ca2+]i/calpain pathway.