With the development of surgical techniques, the use of nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been increasing. Except for oncologic safety, the aesthetic outcome of surgery is greatly concerned by clinicians and patients. So far, there has been no consensus on the incision of NSM. This article reviewed the literature so as to provide some evidence for the selection of NSM incision.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to home to tissues/organs with irflammation,the sites of growing tumors,as well as to participate in the formation of the tumor micro-environment,suggesting that MSCs play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis.To study the roles and mechanisms of MSCs in tumor growth and metastasis will provide new insights into tumorigenesis and tumor target therapy.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its receptor type 1 (PTH1 R) are extensively expressed in the kidney,where they are able to modulate renal function.Animal and human studies have shown that PTHrP acts as an important mediator of diabetic renal cell hypertrophy by a meehanism which involves the modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and TGF-β1.Furthermore,angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) appears to be responsible for PTHrP upregulation in these conditions.These findings provide novel insights into the well-known protective effects of Ang Ⅱ antagonists in renal diseases,paving the wav for new therapeutic approaches.

Objective To explore the influence of blocking B7/CD28 co-stimulatory pathway by RNA interference on the rejection response in mice heterogeneous heart transplantation and its mecha- nism.Methods siRNA of which sequence specified to CD80 and CD86mRNA was synthesized in vitro respectively and transfected into donor derived myeloid dendritic cells (DCs).The expression levels of CD80 and CD86 mRNA and surface antigen CD80,CD86 were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry before and after CD80siRNA and CD86siRNA transfection.Seven days prior to heterogeneous heart transplantation in mice,DCs modi- fied by siRNA were transfused into recipients intraveneously (DC interference group).At the same time,group of allograft transplantation,cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated (CsA injected subcutaneously postoperatively,5 mg.kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) group,group of isograft transplantation,and non-interference DC group (transfusion of non-interfered DCs pre-transplanting) were assigned.The graft survivals were individually recorded and the graft rejection grading was pathologically evaluated.Interleukin 2 (IL- 2),interferon?(IFN-?),and IL-10 mRNA expression levels in grafts tissue were determined.Results After siRNA transfected into DC,the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 mRNA were down- regulated significantly and the the antigen CD80~+ and CD86~+ reduced from 84%,67% to 35% and 30% respectively.As compared with groups of allograft and non-interference DC,survival of the grafts was significantly longer in DC interference group (P＜0.01),pathological grade of rejection significantly lower (P＜0.01),IL-2 and IFN-?mRNA expression levels lower,and IL-10 mRNA ex- pression levels higher in grafts tissue (P＜0.01).Conclusion Knocking down the molecule B7 expres- sion level in donor-derived myeloid DCs through RNAi,which could block B7/CD28 co-stimulatory pathway,could exhibit inhibitive effect on rejection response in mice heart transplantation.The mechanism might be due to induction of T lymphocyte anergy and Th cell differentiation deviating to T_H2.

Activins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To summarize the nursing key points in nursing ovarian cancer patients with early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction after non-surgical treatment value. Method The nursing data of 32 ovarian cancer patients with early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction in our department in January 2010 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results About 32 patients were treated with non-surgical treatment, cure time within 2~30d, averaged (7.80 ±5.98)d. No intestinal obstruction happened after resuming to normal exhaustion, defecation and dieting. Conclusion Such nursing measures as psychological nursing, gastrointestinal decompression nursing, nutrition support nursing and auxiliary therapy like promoting peristalsis recovery are key to the increase of cure rate of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination the genotoxicity impurities (methyl methanesulfonate,ethyl methanesulfonate and isopropyl methanesulfonate) in mesylate nafamostat raw materia. METHODS:GC-MS was conducted,and the genotoxicity impurities were extracted by dichloromethane. The column was DB-5 capillary column by programmed tempera-ture,the inlet temperature was 240 ℃,column flow was 3.0 ml/min,purge flow was 6.0 ml/min,sample mode splitless injection, carrier gas was high purity helium,detector is a mass spectrometer detector,ion source temperature was 230 ℃,the interface tem-perature was 230 ℃,the delay time of solvent was 2.5 min,ionization mode was electron impact,detector voltage was respect to the tuning results,scanning(detection)method was selective ion monitoring,electron energy was 70 eV,and the injection volume was 1.0μl. RESULTS:The separation degree of 3 impurities were greater than 2.0;the linear range of 3 impurities were 0.10-20μg/ml (r≥0.999 5);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.7%-104.8%(RSD=2.8%, n=9),102.5%-110.7%(RSD=2.6%,n=9)and 103.0%-107.6%(RSD=1.6%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple, accurate,sensitive and rapid,and can be used for the genotoxicity impurities in mesylate nafamostat raw materia.

Objective To study the effects of ketamine on glutamate-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells using PC 12 pheochromocytoma cell line (provided by Chinese Academy of Phamacological Research) .Methods After being incubated in the culture medium containing 7S-NGF for 6 days. Over 95 % of the PC cells differentiated into neuron-type cells. The 7S-NGF induced differentiated neuronal PC 12 cells were seeded in 24-well plates pre-coated with poly-L-lysine(2?106 cells per well) .24 hours later the PC12 cells were exposed to glutamate 20 mrnol/ L(group A); glutamate 20 mmol/L + ketamine 0.1 mmo/L (group B); glutamate 20 mmol/L + ketamine 1.0 mmol/L (group C); glutamate 20 mmol/L + D-APS 100 )Ltmol/L(group D) and new culture medium containing no 7S-NGF(group E, control group), and incubated for 18 hours .The viability of the cells was evaluated by the ability of the cells to reduce the tetragotium derivative MTT into a blue formagan salt. DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis was detected using TUNEL technique. Results in group A following incubation with glutamate 20 mmol/L for 18 h , at 37℃, the viability was PC 12 cells was reduced to 37%? 6% However ketamine , when added to the culture medium to gather with glutamate , inhibited glutamate-induced cell death . The viability of PC 12 cell was 65 ? 7% in group B an 99?10% in group C. Ketamine appeared to attenuate the apoptotic process, because the number of the apoptotic cell bodies, determinated by YUNEL was also reduced by ketamine, with only 15-20% of neuronal cells staining positive after exposure to 20 mmol/L glutamate.The difference between group A and C was very significant (P

Objective To study the effect of ? interferon in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Methods From Jan 1988 to Jan 1998 ,46 cases of renal cell carcinoma were randomized into two groups: the interferon group treated by radical nephrectomy and ? interferon and the control group with radical nephrectomy alone. Results The T lymphocyte subsets CD 3,CD 4,CD 8,the ratio of CD 4/CD 8 were significantly different berfore and after treatment in the interferon group( P

Objective To study the volume of residual urine as related to the surgical indication for BPH. Methods Urodynamic study was carried out in 103 BPH patients who were assigned to group A (no residual urine),group B (residual urine0.05) but significantly different between group C and A or between B and A (P60 ml should be strictly followed.Early surgical intervention should be undertaken if the bladder ontlet obstruction or bladder function deteriorated by BPH causing residual uine.Other causes such as neurogenic should be ruled out before surgery.