Animal models of pancreatic cancer are important for the experiments of pancreatic cancer research.An ideal an- imal model of pancreatic cancer provides effective tool for exploring the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer.This paper summari- zes the methods for establishing mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and discusses interpretd the advantages and disadvantages of different models.

s in clinical education and medical education assessment/monitoring system.Authors hold that these factors will contribute to a growing quality momentum in its education and Success in refoms.

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Objective: To study the protective effect of ? carotene in anoxia injured cardiomyocytes. [WT5FZ]Methods: The cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2h anoxia and the changes of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxygen free radical (OFR) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected. The effects of pre treatment with ? carotene were then investigated. Results: The LDH, MDA, OFR and SOD of cardiomycytes were changed significantly after 2h anoxia (P

Objective To investigate the indications and clinical efficacy of an exclusive right-thoracic approach in esophageal surgery.Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with esophageal disease who underwent an exclusive right-thoracic approach operation from June 2008 to June 2010 at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 35 patients,21 were with esophageal cancer,and their ages were above 70 years,the partial pressure of oxygen of arterial blood (PaO2),maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (70 ± 9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),51％ ± 9％ and 57％ ± 11％,respectively.Fourteen patients were with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy,and their PaO2 maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (96 ± 13) mm Hg,83％ ± 11％ and 91％± 14％,respectively.Exclusive right-thoracic approach was selected for all the patients,and surgical procedure was selected according to the location of the lesions.Patients were followed up by out-patient examination or phone call till April 2012.Results All the operations were carried out successfully,21 patients with esophageal cancer underwent partial esophagus resection and stomach-esophagus intrathoracic anastomosis through a right-thoracic approach.Of the 14 patients with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy,2 patients were with esophageal leiomyoma,3 with esophageal stromal tumor and 1 with esophageal leiomyomatosis underwent partial esophagus resection + intrathoracic anastomosis ; 7 patients with esophageal leiomyoma and 1 with esophageal stromal tumor underwent tumor extirpation.The operation time and operative blood loss were (3.4 ± 1.8)hours and (160 ± 44)ml,respectively.The number of lymph node dissected of the 21 patients with esophageal tumor was 14 ± 5,including 1.1 ± 0.7 lymph nodes dissected near the left gastric artery.No anastomosis fistula and perioperative death were detected,and the duration of hospital stay was (10 ± 4)days.The postoperative PaO2,maximal voluntary ventilation and forced vital capacity of the first second were (66 ± 10)mm Hg,50％± 11％ and 51％ ± 13％ for patients with esophageal cancer,and (94 ± 13) mm Hg,80％ ± 13％ and 87％ ± 16％ for patients with benign esophageal disease or low grade malignancy.All the patients were followed up for 1-2 years,no eating obstruction was detected,and the postoperative 1-and 2-year survival rate were 82.9％(29/35) and 77.1％ (27/35),respectively.Of the 8 patients with esophageal cancer who died postoperatively,1 died of cardiovascular diseases and 7 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion Exclusive rightthoracic appraoch could be used for patients with benign esophageal disease,low-grade malignancy and old esophageal cancer patients with poor pulmonary function.

Objective To discuss the treatment and prognosis of multifocal osteosarcoma. Methods Between January 1998 and June 2005, nine patients(seven males and two females), six with synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma and three with metachronous multifocal osteosarcoma were treated in our department. The diagnosis of multifocal osteosarcoma was confirmed by clinical presentation, radiology and pathology. Eight of the nine patients received chemotherapy with adriamycin(60 mg/m2), cisplatinum(100 mg/m2), high-dose methotrexate(8-12 g/m2), vincristine(1.4 mg/m2), ifosfamide(12.5 g/m2), and G-CSF. Based on the response to primary chemotherapy, further chemotherapy plans were made, and different operations were done to control local lesions or to relieve symptoms. Arsenous acid, paclitaxel and VP-16 were used in patients who responded poorly to primary chemotherapy. Results One patient who given up remedy was died in systematic fail due to the cancer after 5 month, five patients who were diagnosed synchronous multifocal osteosarcoma died from progressive disease in 3.5 to 17 months (mean time was 9.8 months). Only two of them had a good response to chemotherapy and had finished at least four cycles of chemotherapy,and they had a better survival time of 15 and 17 months respectively. Three patients with metachronous multifocal osteosarcoma had a better prognosis. After a two-year follow-up, two lived with disease and one lived without disease. Conclusion The prognosis of patients with multifocal osteosarcoma is poor, and patients with metachronous multifocal osteosarcoma have a relatively better prognosis. To improve the prognosis of patients with multifocal osteosarcoma, aggressive chemother-apeutics are needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of human growth hormone antagonist (GHA) on diabetic nephropathy in mice. Methods Thirty nine C57BL male mice were divided into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, two GHA diabetic mice groups, human growth hormone (hGH) diabetic group. Diabetic mice were induced with Streptozotocin. hGH, GHA1 〔del(1 4), G120R, K168A, E174A, C182S, del(186 191) Cys 1〕 and GHA2 〔H21A, G120R, E174A〕, were respectively administered subcutaneously to diabetic mice for eleven weeks, the effects of them on body weight, urinary protein excretion and renal morphology in mice of all groups were observed. Results All diabetic mice showed growth retardation including hGH and GH antagonist groups when comparing with their nondiabetic mice. The results of kidney histology showed a significant increase in glomerular area 〔hGH:(4289?798)?m 2, DM:(4226?894)?m 2,GHA1:(3511?717)?m 2, GHA2:(3428?919)?m 2, Normal control:(3399?573)?m 2〕 and cell proliferation (hGH:37.4?5.5, DM:34.5?6.4, GHA1:31.1?6.5, GHA2:29.2?6.5, Normal control:29.0?6.0) in hGH and DM control groups compared with two GH antagonist groups and normal control group, but the expansion of mesangial area with increased extracellualar matrix existed in all diabetic mice, no significant difference was observed among diabetic groups. No statistical difference was found among diabetic groups in urinary protein excretion. Conclusion hGH may aggravate glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic mice, and hGH antagonists are effective in preventing diabetic mice glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial cell proliferation and maintaining integrity of kidney normal morphology in diabetic mice.

0.05).Conclusions There is imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in CHB children.Th1 cytokines are positively correlated with hepatic inflammatory activity.In the course of disease,Th2 cytokines are predominant and they have a correlation to the chronic prognosis of the illness.So we can conclude the degree and prognosis of disease by observing the change of Th1/Th2 cytokines in CHB children.

Liver fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal hepatic accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that results from both increased deposition and reduced degradation of collagen fibres. Some studies show that transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1), alternatively activated macrophage (aaM) and interleukin 13(IL-13) play a key role in the evolution of fibrosis, of which TGF-?1 and IL-13 become research hotspots. TGF-?1 mainly activates hepatic stellate cells (HSC) through TGF-?1/Smad signal pathway, while IL-13 seems to play a rather crucial role through JAK-STAT6 signal pathway. aaM is an important source of TGF-?1 and activated with Il-13. This paper reviews the role of those signaling molecules in cellular signal transduction of hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica, and provides some targets for future drug development.

Objective To assess surgical strategies and its therapeutic effect on treating tumors invading of the great vessels. Methods 23 patients underwent tumor resection along with reconstruction of great vessels from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Results 19 cases (82.6%) experienced radical resection along with reconstruction of great vessels, 4 cases (17.4%) underwent palliative resections. 20 cases (86.9%) were followed up by various imaging examination methods. 4 cases (17.4%) died perioperatively and 7 cases (30.4%) had complications in perioperative period. Up to Aug. 2005, the postoperative survival times in patients were from 1.5 to 59.0 months. 3 cases (15.0%,3/20) existed more than 48 months, 4 cases (20.0%,4/20) more than 36 months, 6 cases (30.0%,6/20) more than 24 months, 9 cases (45.0%,9/20) more than 12 months and 12 cases(55.0%,11/20)more than 6 months. No complications related to vascular graft occlusion and tumor recurrence next to grafts occurred in these patients. In 2 cases appeared partial thrombosis in grafts in perioperatively. Conclusion Combination of radical resection of tumor and reconstruction of great vessels could extend survival time and improve quality of life in selected patients with tumor invading thoracic and abdominal great vessels.