Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Orthodontics, Corrective

Objective To isolate and observe Pityrosporum yeasts from a patient with onychomycosis. Methods The involved nail specimens were investigated by means of culture, pathological and scanning electron microscopic examination and 20% KOH preparation. Results Physical examination showed that each finger and toe nail appeared brownish black, rough and thick, some of the fore part of the nail plate detached from the nail bed. Fingernail specimen's culture results showed that Trichophyton rubrum grew on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and Pityrosporum ovale grew on the medium containing rapeseed oil. The pathological examination revealed P.ovale yeast involvement in the fissure of the nail plate. Under the scanning electron microscopy, a lot of P.ovale yeasts with characteristic collarette structure inserted in the nail tissue was noticed. In the 20% KOH preparations of nail incubated at 56℃for 1h and stained with Quink Parker ink, spores and hyphae were identified morphologically with P.ovale and T.rubrum respectively. The patient received intermittent pulse therapy with itraconazole, the color of the nails became much brighter 1 to 2 months after the fourth cycle of therapy, but no further improvement was observed afterwards. P.ovale and T.rubrum grew again 6 months after treatment when the clippings of the fingernail were cultured. Conclusion This is the first document of onychomycosis related with P.ovale in China.

Objective To analyze the test results of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg) ,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) ,anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,anti-treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies among voluntary blood donors ,and to provide basis for recruiting low-risk voluntary blood donors and reducing blood abandonment . Methods 551 133 blood samples derived from voluntary blood donors which had accepted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening in Chongqing Blood Center from 2008 to 2012 were collected and were subject to HBsAg ,ALT and anti-HIV , anti-HCV ,anti-TP antibodies detection .Laboratory information management system ITSWELL was employed to read ,save and gather the test results ,and whether the samples were qualified was determined .Results Total of 37 534(6 .81% ) substandard blood samples were detected .Among them ,the substandard rates of HBsAg ,ALT and anti-HCV ,anti-HIV ,anti-TP antibodies were 1 .10% ,3 .79% ,0 .51% ,0 .33% and 1 .08% ,respectively .Conclusion Strengthening the screen of blood detection reagents and building the team of voluntary blood donors will contribute to the safety of clinical blood transfusion .

Objective To study the morphological,biologic response of cultured human keratin ocytes to Candida albicans and the molecular mechanism.Methods ①A yeast form of C.albicans was added t o a monolayer of keratinocytes.The adherent organisms were observed by scanning and transmission electron mi-croscope at different incubation periods.Boiled C.albicans and latex beads of a similar size(3.2?m)were also inoculated for comparison.②The effect of supernatant from the co-culture of keratinocytes with inta ct C.albicans on keratinocyte growth was measured by the fluorescence intensity and cell count.③Keratinocytes were incubated with C.albicans or latex beads,and the level of cytok ine in the keratinocytes and supernatant were measured with enzyme -linked im munosorbent assay kits.Results①The number of adherent C.albicans increased with the lapse of time,whi le boiled C.albicans did not adhere at all.Many latex bead s adhered to the keratinocytes,and were then easily phagocytised.Fibril -like structu res stretched from the keratinocyte s adhered to the organisms or latex beads.②The conditioned medium of 50%concen tration significantly promote cell growth,while that with boiled C.albicans or latex beads moderately stimulate d keratinocyte growth.③Ker-atinocytes treated with intact C.albicans had significantly higher level of IL-1?in the supernatant but lower in the cell extract.Both TGF -?and bFGF increased either in the medi a or in the extract.Conclusion These results suggest that keratinocytes have non -specific phagocytic activ ity.C.albicans are able to adhere to ker-atinocytes and stimulate the release of various cytokines from keratinocytes,which may induce an inflammatory reaction and cell growth.

Humans ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the upper limit of plasma′s alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) donated by volunteers in Chongqing city ,utmost avoid blood discarding due to ALT unqualified and provide a scientific basis for the improvement measures . Methods Checking 115 530 blood donors′ALT by rate method ,the activity of ALT value was normal distribution ,deem x ± 1 .96s as the upper limit of ALT of blood donors ,the upper limit of ALT and the unqualified rate was analyzed according tomonth ,age , gender .Results 95% upper limit of blood donors′ ALT reference range to less than 47 .88 U/L .From June to September ,ALT value unqualified rate compared with other months of the year have significant difference (P<0 .05) .Between different age groups , the upper limit and the unqualified rate had no significant difference(P>0 .05) .There was obvious difference about unqualified rate and upper limit between different sex group ,there was statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The quantitative blood agen‐cies should increase propagandist strength ,optimize ALT screening strategy ,gender‐specific blood donors screening measures should be taken ,re‐establish a more scientific ALT Elimination standard ,the maximum reduct blood ALT′s failure rate .To ensure the safety and clinical local blood supply at the same time ,the maximum to avoid waste of blood .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the incidence of dysphagia and the location of brain lesions in patients with acute stroke.Methods Swallowing function was assessed by Watin drinking water test within 48 hours after admission in 226 cases with acute stroke.The location of the brain lesions was identified by CT and / or MRI.According to the US National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS),evaluation of nerve functions was evaluated within 24 hours after admission in stroke patients.Results The incidence of dysphagia was 50.4％ (114 /226) in 226 patients in acute stage.The degree of neurological deficit of stroke patients on admission was significantly correlated with the occurrence of dysphagia (x2 =13.35,P=0.02).The incidence of dysphagia caused by lesions in internal carotid artery trunk (hemisphere in combination with basal ganglia/internal capsule) was more common in anterior circulating territory(internal carotid artery system),dysphagia with internal carotid arterg(ICA) trunk occlusion (hemisphere in combination with basal ganglia/internal capsule) was more common than that caused by cortex branches occlusion (hemisphere-cortex) or penetrating ICA injuries (basal ganglia/internal capsule) and cortex branches occlusion (hemisphere-cortex),respectively(x2 =8.228,P＜0.05).The incidences of dysphagia induced by brain lesions of different cortex lobes had no statistic differences(x2 =0.312,P＞0.05).In posterior circulating territory (vertebro-basilar system),the incidence of swallowing disorders was significantly higher in brain stem group than in the thalamus and cerebellum (x2 =27.292,P＜0.001).The incidence of the dysphagia caused by lesions in cerebral hemispheres,combined basal ganglia / internal capsule and brain stem lesions were significantly higher than those caused by other lesions(x2 =35.639,P＜0.000).Conclusions Brain lesions of hemisphere combined basal ganglia/internal capsule and brain stem are significantly associated with the occurrence of dysphagia after acute stroke.

Objective To explore the mechanism that Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) α-toxin(Hla) regulate miR-142 expression and inhibit macrophage phagocytosis.Methods BALB/C mice and RAW264.7 cells were infected with wild type S.aureus(WT S.aureus),Hla deletion S.aureus(△HlaS.aureus) or phosphate buffered saline(PBS),and the expression level of miR-142 of skin tissues and cells were detected.miR-142 mimics and inhibitor were then applied in the RAW264.7 culture to examine the effect on phagocytosis.Direct targeting of miR-142 on protein kinase Cα(PKCα) was assessed by luciferase assay and western blotting.Results miR-142 expression in △HlaS.aureus group were significantly down-regulated than WT S.aureus group(P<0.05).MiR-142 mimics inhibited RAW264.7 phagocytosis ability and inhibitor enhanced RAW264.7 phagocytosis ability.PKCα was directly targeted by miR-142.MiR-142 mimics significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of PKCα in RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion Hla could promote miR-142 expression in macrophages.MiR-142 could inhibit macrophage phagocytosis through down-regulated PKCα.

In the progress of the new healthcare reform, China has carried out a series of reform exploration in the drug distribution system.But fluctuating markups of drugs are still the main cause of high drug price.In order to simplify the distribution procedure, the National Health and Family Planning Commission proposed to encourage the implementation of two-receipt system nationwide.As the important part of the price system of drug circulation, drug distribution system made a great impact on the implementation of two-receipt system policy.Focusing on two provinces namely Fujian and Shaanxi provinces, this paper will discuss the typical drug distribution system in china.This paper has evaluated the main body and operation pattern in the implementation of two-receipt system, and by analyzing the benefits and drawbacks, in the same provinces.It has put forward the optimized distribution mode and provided policy suggestions for strengthening the two-receipt distribution system.