Objective To investigate HR-MR imaging characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of the orbits in extraconal compartment. Methods The HR-MR images of 16 patients with NHL of the orbits identified pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. MRI of the orbit at a 1.5 T scanner was performed with 4-cm surface coil, thin slice, suitable bandwidth, small FOV, and large matrix. T1-weighted (before and after i.v. bolus injection of contrast medium) and fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequences were acquired in all patients. All cases were performed with fat suppression techniques. The analyzed criteria of imaging appearance included location, number, size, shape, margins, extension, adjacent structures, and signal intensity of the lesions. Results The lesions in 13 of 16 cases located in anterior part of extraconal compartment, posterior to the orbital septum, and with irregular cast shape. The other 3 patients showed diffuse lesions with infiltration in extraconal compartment and with irregular shape. Eleven lesions had the large volume above 3.0 ml, 4 lesions with medium volume ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 ml, and only one with small volume less than 1.0 ml. 13 cases had a poor-defined margin with infiltration of extraocular muscles, but without mechanical shift of the muscles. 7 patients had infiltration of eyeball, but only 3 cases with exophthalmos. Destruction of orbital bone was evident in 2 cases with diffuse lesions but never in isolated orbital lymphoma. On the T_1-weighted images, the signal intensity of the lymphoma was isointense compared with that of the muscle in all patients. The T_2-weighted fast SE images showed a hyperintense signal in 13 cases and intermediate in 3 cases. All lesions enhanced after intravenous Gd-DTPA administration, 15 cases with homogeneous enhancement, and 10 cases with reliably visible enhancement in the T_1-weighted fat-suppressed sequences. Conclusion Most NHL of the orbits in extraconal compartment have the characteristic findings on HR-MR imaging, including anterior part of extraconal compartment location, posterior to the orbital septum, irregular cast shape, large volume, poor-defined margin with infiltration but without mechanical shift of extraocular muscles, uniform signal characteristics and marked enhancement after injection of contrast medium, and without bony destruction in isolated orbital lymphoma. The understanding of HR-MRI features of orbital NHL in extraconal compartment is very useful for making the differential diagnosis with other orbital diseases.

italic>Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is a medicinal species belonging to the Orchidaceae, whose whole plant can be used as a medicinal herb, known as "JinXianLian". It has antidiabetic, liver-protecting, anti-inflammatory, etc. A. roxburghii has long been used as food and medicine in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. With the wide recognition of the concept of "medicine and food homology" and the surge of market demand, wild A. roxburghii has been far from meeting the supply. It is important to establish an artificial propagation system. Resource characteristics are the key basis for optimizing germplasm and propagation systems. Therefore, this paper summarizes the germplasm resource characteristics and propagation technologies of A. roxburghii in China to provide a reference for sustainable development and subsequent mechanistic research.

Objective:To determine the clinicopathological significance of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B)overexpression in endometrial carcinomas and to evaluate its correlation with hormone re-ceptor status.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of DNMT3B and hormone receptors in 104 endometrial carcinomas.Results:DNMT3B overexpression occurred frequently in endometrioid carcinoma (EC,54.8%)more than in nonendometrioid carcinoma (NEC,30.0%) with statistical significance (P =0.028).Furthermore,there was a trend that EC with worse clinico-pathological variables and shorter survival had a higher DNMT3B expression,and the correlation between DNMT3B and tumor grade reached statistical significance (P =0.019).A negative correlation between DNMT3B and estrogen receptor (ER)or progesterone receptor (PR)expression was found in EC. NMT3B overexpression occurred frequently in the ER or PR negative subgroups (78.9%,86.7%)more than in the positive subgroups (47.7%,47.8%)with statistical significance (P =0.016,P =0.006). In addition,the DNMT3B overexpression increased in tumors with both ER and PR negative expression (92.9%,P =0.002).However,no such correlation was found in NEC (P >0.05).Sequence analyses demonstrated multiple ER and PR binding sites in the promoter regions of DNMT3B gene.Conclusion:This study showed that the expression of DNMT3B in EC and NEC was different.DNMT3B overexpres-sion in EC was associated with the worse clinicopathological variables and might have predictive value. The methylation status of EC and NEC maybe different.In addition,in EC,DNMT3B overexpression negatively correlated with ER or PR expression.In NEC,the correlation between DNMT3B and ER or PR status was not present.

Objective:Summarize and analyze the clinical features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related colitis.Methods:From January 2019 to September 2020, the clinical data of 8 patients with ICI-related colitis from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected and including the onset of ICI-related colitis, clinical symptoms, endoscopic and pathological findings, treatment, comorbidities and resuming of ICI. Independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Eight patients were all male, and the median age (range) was 66 years old (55 to 74 years old), 7 cases were diagnosed with stage Ⅳ lung cancer and 1 case was diagnosed with stage Ⅲc pyelo-carcinoma. Among 8 patients, 4 cases of ICI-related colitis occurred during combination of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) treatment and chemotherapy, 2 cases occurred during anti-PD-1 monotherapy after combination of anti-PD-1 treatment and chemotherapy, and 2 cases occurred after anti-PD-1 monotherapy. The median time (range) was 44 d (27 to 128 d) from initial anti-PD-1 treatment to the onset of ICI-related colitis and the median time (range) was 8 d (6 to 35 d) from last anti-PD-1 treatment to onset of ICI-related colitis. The ICI efficacy of 4 patients had partial response, 2 patients had stable disease, 1 patient had disease progression, and 1 patient′s condition was not assessed. All 8 patients had moderate to severe extensive colitis. The main clinical manifestation was diarrhea (5/8), 3 patients accompanied by abdominal pain. The endoscopic findings were diffuse mucosal erosion, accompanied by ulcer in 2 patients. The main pathologic findings were cryptitis or crypt abscess, accompanied by apoptosis in 2 patients. Eight patients were all treated with glucocorticoids, among them 2 patients were further treated with biologics, due to the insufficient efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment, 4 patients had opportunistic infections. The initial prednisone dose for patients with opportunistic infections and patients without opportunistic infections was (85.00±52.60) and (60.00±23.09) mg, respectively. The prednisone treatment course was (8.75±4.03) and (7.50±3.11) weeks, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (both P>0.05). The colitis relapsed in all 3 patients after resuming of ICI. Conclusions:ICI-related colitis had corresponding ICI treatment history and clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological features. Glucocorticoid is the main treatment, and it is prone to relapse after resuming of ICI.

Objective To evaluate the role of sclerostin in bone loss of postmenopausal Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods The postmenopausal patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and age, body mass index, and duration of menopause matched healthy controls were enrolled into this cross-sectional study according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The serum sclerostin level and bone mineral density of the anterior-posterior lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total hip were determined by using a quantitative sandwich ELISA kit and dual X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Meanwhile, the clinical and laboratory indexes of bone mineral metabolism were analyzed. Associations between serum sclerostin level and bone mineral density as well as bone turnover markers were evaluated by linear regression analysis.
Results Finally, 265 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and 225 non-diabetic women were recruited in the diabetic group and control group, respectively. Serum sclerostin level of the diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (48.2±19.4 vs. 37.2±18.6 pmol/L, P<0.001) and was increased with age in both groups (diabetic group, r=0.374, P<0.001;control group, r=0.312, P<0.001). In type 2 diabetes patients, serum sclerostin concentration was positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c level (r=0.237; P=0.021). Biochemical bone turnover markers, intact parathyroid hormone and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, were negatively associated with serum sclerostin level (r=?0.138, P=0.078 and r=?0.265, P<0.001). Conversely, the positive correlation between sclerostin and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen was found in diabetic patients (r=0.354, P<0.001). Serum sclerostin levels of the diabetic group were positively correlated with bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip (r=0.324, 0.367, and 0.416, respectively;all P<0.001).
Conclusions Sclerostin might participate in the pathogenesis of bone loss of type 2 diabetes. The high sclerostin level might serve as a marker of increased osteocyte activity in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes.
Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOD1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed.
Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake.
Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.

Background and purpose: Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 may be involved in the progression of invasion and metastasis of many malignant tumors, but there are few reports about the relationship between the two gene expressions in gastric carcinomas. This study was aimed to explore the expression of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 mRNA in gastric carcinoma and their relationship with the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 in 58 cases of gastric carcinoma, 58 paired adjacent gastric carcinoma (2 cm from carcinoma), and 58 surgical marginal normal gastric mucosa tissues (5 cm from carcinoma). Then we analyzed their relationship with clinico-pathological characteristics of gastric carcinoma. Results: The upregulation of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly higher in normal gastric mucosa (98.3%) than that in paired adjacent mucosa (25.9%) and gastric carcinoma (5.2%) (all P<0.001).The upregulation of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly higher in paired adjacent mucosa than that in gastric carcinoma (all P<0.05). The upregulation of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma (86.2%) than that in paired adjacent gastric carcinoma (27.6%) and normal gastric mucosa (5.2%) (P<0.001). The upregulation of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in paired adjacent gastric carcinoma than that in normal gastric mucosa (all the same P<0.05). The downregulation of Syndecan-1 and the upregulation of HPA-1 had relationship with the degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM staging of gastric carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: The upregulation of Syndecan-1 mRNA was significantly higher in normal gastric mucosa. The upregulation of HPA-1 mRNA was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma. Also, the expression of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 could predict the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Determination of Syndecan-1 and HPA-1 may be of value in the treatment as well as in the prediction for prognosis of gastric cancer.

To establish and manage of multicentral collection bio-sample banks of malignant tumors from digestive system, the paper designed a multicentral management system, established the standard operation procedures (SOPs) and leaded ten hospitals nationwide to collect tumor samples. The biobank has been established for half a year, and has collected 695 samples from patients with digestive system malignant tumor. The clinical data is full and complete, labeled in a unified way and classified to be managed. The clinical and molecular biology researches were based on the biobank, and obtained achievements. The biobank provides a research platform for malignant tumor of digestive system from different regions and of different types.
Biological Specimen Banks ; organization & administration ; Digestive System ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Specimen Handling

OBJECTIVETo analyze the rules for acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion in domestic clinical treatment of perimenopausal syndrome based on data mining technology in modern times.

METHODSThe relevant literature were retrieved from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database on this disease treated with clinical acupuncture and moxibustion in China from 1978 to 2013. The database of acupuncture-moxibustion prescription was set up. The relevant regulations of data mining technology were used to analyze the rules for acupoint selection.

RESULTSTotally, 211 papers, 254 acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions and 130 acupoints were included. The total frequency of acupoints application was 2193 times, with 14 meridians involved. The utilization of the acupoints in the lower limbs and on the back were 33.0% (723/2193) and 23.8% (521/2193) and those of yin and yang meridians were 51.8% (1136/2193) and 44.0% (965/2193), respectively. The utilization of the specific acupoints accounted for 88.7% (1946/2193).

CONCLUSIONIn clinical treatment of perimenopausal syndrome with acupuncture and moxibustion in modern times, the acupoint selection from involved meridians is the basis, associated with multiple methods of acupoint combination; yin and yang meridians are equally important and the specific acupoints are considered particularly critical in application.

Objective To investigate the effects of cyclopamine (CYP) on endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) cell survival and on induction of cell apoptosis .Methods HEC-1A cells were treated with various doses of CYP (0, 5,10, 20 and 40 μmol/L) for 24 h respectively .Then,the inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology .Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by CCK-8 assay and AO/EB bi-labelling assay.The apoptosis rate of HEC-1A was analyzed using flow cytometric analysis , and the key gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by quantitative PCR .Results The HEC-1A cells exhibited dramatic morphological changes after treatment with CYP and in a dose-dependent manner .CYP significantly inhibited HEC-1A cell proliferation using CCK8 assays(P<0.05), and induced cell death by AO/EB bi-labelling assay.Moreover,flow cytometry analysis showed that CYP treatment resulted in HEC-1A cell apoptosis, and that a higher concentration of CYP induced severer cell apoptosis (P<0.05).Meanwhile, CYP treated HEC-1A cells exhibited up-regulated expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 according to Q-PCR.Conclusion Our findings indicatee that CYP can inhibit HEC-1A cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis .