Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Nematode Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Prevalence

Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.

Background Investigating the association of blue light-induced damage of retinal pigmenepithelial (RPE) cellwith intracellulaCa2+ conteniimportanfounderstanding the mechanism of retinal disorders.Objective Thistudy wato establish blue light-induced damage model of human RPE celland explore the relationship between the damage of RPE cell and intracellulaCa2+ content.MethodHuman RPE cellwere cultured and passaged.Cell vitality waassayed by trypan blue staining.Fourth-generation cellwere used in these experiments.The cellwere exposed to blue lighwith an intensity of (2000±500)lx fo3,6,9 o12 hours,and the rate of apoptosiwaassayed by TUNEL to assesthe optimal irradiation time focellcultured.The cellwere then randomized into the withouirradiation group,irradiation only group,nifedipine group,ligh+ nifedipine group,(-) BayK8644 group and ligh+ (-) BayK8644 group.The laseconfocal microscope waused to determine the fluorescence intensity of intracellulafree Ca2+ aan excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 505 nm.The cell imagewere analyzed using computesoftware.The differenceof fluorescence intensity among the differengroupwere compared by one-way analysiof variance.ResultTrypan blue staining showed thathe viability of RPE cellwamore than 90％ afteculturing and passaging.No apoptoticell waseen aftelighexposure fo3 hours.However,differennumberof apoptoticellappeared aftelighexposure fo6,9 and 12 hours.The fluorescence intensity of intracellulafree Ca2+ in the nifedipine group wasignificantly lowethan thaof the withouirradiation group othe ligh+ nifedipine group(both aP=0.000).Lasescanning confocal microscopy showed thathe fluorescence intensitieof intracellulafree Ca2+ in the irradiation only group,(-) BayK8644 group,ligh+ (-)BayK8644 group were highethan thaof the withouirradiation group,with statistical significancebetween them(all P=0.000).No significandifferencewere found in the fluorescence intensity of intracellulafree Ca2+ between the ligh+ nifedipine group and withouirradiation group awell abetween the (-)BayK8644 group and the ligh+(-) BayK8644 group(P =0.339,P =0.410).ConclusionThe optical conditionfoblue light-induced RPE cell damage were exposure of blue-ligha(2000± 500) lx fo6 hourand culturing the cellfo24 hours.Blue lighexposure can induce damage of human RPE cellprobably by triggering the increase of intracellulafree Ca2+ concentration.

Objective To investigate the water infectivity in key water regions,and analyze the transmission risk of schisto-somiasis in suspicious and high-risk environments in Hubei Province in 2016. Methods Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River,the Hanbei River and the Fu River were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites. The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mice during the flood season. The infection status of residents in the villages around the surveil-lance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed. The emergency response system was initiated when the water infectivity areas were detected. Results From May to June,among the ten surveillance sites of the first batch, two positive spots with infected mice were found,accounting for 20％. All the recovered mice(totally 200)were dissected:five mice were infected,with a total infection rate of 2.5％. Totally five schistosome adult worms were collected,with mean worm bur-den of 1 worm per infected mouse. The site with cercariae-infected water body started the emergency response and no epidemic occurred. From August to September,among the eight surveillance sites of the second batch,the recovered mice(totally 160) were dissected,and no infected sentinel mice were found. Conclusion The sentinel mice method plays an important role in an-alyzing the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Hubei Province.

During the mission of Peace friendship-2015, between September 2015 and January 2016,the Chinese Navy hospital ship respectively participated in the Harmony-2015joint military exercise in Malaysia and with the local military of Polynesia and Barbados .The article summarized the relevant background of the joint military exercise and the main practices in various stages .This article also suggests that the emergency platform be moved forward , the function of the triage area be expanded, basic life support(BLS),advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS),and advanced trauma life support(ATLS) training programs be introduced, the training model and the test system be innovated , and realistic traumatic conditions be designed in order to guarantee the success of the joint exercise .

Objective To provide a theoretical foundation for language rehabilitation by investigating the characteristics of verb impairment in Chinese agrammatism(CA)and exploring its mechanism.Methods Fifteen CA patients and 15 normal subjects(control group)were recruited and evaluated using a standardized aphasia battery in Chinese,the Chinese agrammatism battery,a verb comprehension and production task and a short-term memory task.Results Compared with the control group,verb comprehension and production,as well as working memory were significantly damaged among the CA patients,and it was more difficult for the agrammatic aphasics to produce than to comprehend verbs(P＜0.01).Verbs with a more complex argument structure(in terms of the number and type of arguments)were more difficult for the agrammatie aphasics to produce than those with a less complex argu- ment structure.But the complexity of the argument structure did not influence the agrammatic aphasics'verb compre- hension.Conclusion The semantic entry of a verb,shared by both comprehension and production,was intact,but the verb's grammar entry was impaired.Poor working memory together with the complexity of the argument structure accounted for the impaired verb production of the agrammatic patients.

Objective:To systematically review parents ′ experience of caring for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to fully understand care needs and improve the psychological state and caregiving quality of parents. Methods:The qualitative studies on parents ′ experience of caring for children with CKD were retrieved from following databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data from inception to March 2020. The quality of included researches was evaluated according to the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. The results were integrated by pooled integration methods. Results:A total of 14 studies were included. 69 results were summarized and integrated to form 10 categories. These categories extracted 4 integrated results: parents' physical and mental condition are affected, relationship between parents and their support system has changed, reconstruction of parents ′ life, unmet care needs and problems. Conclusions:Parents are crucial to the disease management of children with CKD, so clinical medical staff should not only provide medical services for children, but also pay more attention to the psychological status and needs of parents, so as to provide guidance and support to promote parents to better implement care and disease management for children.

Objective To assess the schistosomiasis endemic situation in the national surveillance sites in Hubei Province, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods According to the national surveillance protocol,a longitudinal surveillance of endemic situation of schistosomiasis was carried out in 16 national surveillance sites from 2005 to 2010. Results In general,the positive rates of IHA,Kato-Katz technique and infection rates of Schistosoma japonicum decreased from 15.67%,10.93%and 1.71%in 2005 to 10.48%,8.54%and 0.90%in 2010,and declined by 33.12%,22.70%and 47.95%,respectively. The infection rates of S. japonicum of the male were higher than that of the female,and the peak infec-tion rates were in the groups aged above 30 years. The endemic situation of fishermen and farmers were relatively serious. The in-fection rates of S. japonicum in cattle decreased from 11.69%in 2005 to 1.41%in 2010,and declined by 88.01%(χ2 =298.79, P<0.001). The areas with infected Oncomelania hupensis snails,the densities of living snails,the rates of infected snails and the densities of infected snails decreased by 90.88%,61.66%,80.00%and 92.00%,respectively. Conclusion The schistosomiasis endemic situation in the national surveillance sites in Hubei Province mitigates in 6 years,but the prevention is still a very daunt-ing task.

Objective To study the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the activity of cord hematopoietic stem cells. Methods CD34+ cells were isolated from healthy human cord blood by miniMACS. Cells were cultured in IMDM complete culture medium containing stem cell factor (SCF),fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and 10% fetal bovine serum. High copies HBV were added to the culture system. The proliferation of stem ceils and virus replication were observed. Following the proliferation, dendritic cells (DCs) were induced by adding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4. Morphous of stem cells and DCs were observed by microscope and the cell surface molecules were detected. Results The proliferation of stem cells infected with HBV was significantly lower than that of healthy stem cells (P＜0.01),and enhanced after adding cytokines (P＜0.01). At the same time, HBV replication was increased after adding cytokines in the culture system (P＜0.01), but the proliferation was still lower than that of healthy stem cells with cytokines in the culture medium (P＜0.05). Dane particles were found in the cytoplasma of stem cells infected with HBV by electron microscope. The expression of CD80,CD86 ,CD1a and HLA-DR on DCs derived from HBV infected stem cells were all lower than those on DCs from non-infected stem cells (P＜0.01). Conclusions HBV could infect CD34+ stem cell and the proliferation of the stem cell could enhance the virus replication. HBV could not only inhibit the proliferation of stem cells,but also down-regulate the immuno-phenotype expression of DCs derived from CD34+stem cells.

Objective To investigate the changes and potential roles of the expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1),thioredoxin(Trx)and thioredoxin reductase(TrxR)in the pathogenesis of lung injury of premature newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia. Methods In the first day after delivery,preterm SD rats were randomly divided into air group and hyperoxia group with 64 rats in each.The rats were respectively sacrificed at 1,4,7,10 and 14 days after air or hyperoxia exposure.Sections of 1ungs were stained with HE to observe the histologic changes.Trx and TrxR mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of ASK1.Western blot was used to detect the expression of ASK1 protein. Results Rats in hyperoxia group showed typical lung injury,which was characterized by alveolitis and delayed of lung development.Immunohistochemistry detected that ASK1 expressed generally in the cytoplasm of both alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells:ASK1 protein expression in hyperoxia group at 1th and 4th day were 0.4382±0.0227 and 0.5270±0.0432,higher than in the air group(0.3458±0.0263 and 0.3760±0.0058)(P<0.01),and it was until 7th day that the expression became weaker(0.4343±0.0254),but still higher compared with the air group(0.3473±0.0220)(P<0.01).Compared with the air group,Trx and TrxR mRNA of the hyperoxia group increased significantly and peaked at lOth day(0.6860±0.0811)and 7th day(2.0351±0.1600),respectively(P<0.05).ASK1 protein expressions resulting