Objective To evaluate the correlation between RPA or the polymorphism of CYP 2C19 and the incidence of ischemic events and the influence on the clinical prognosis .Methods A case-control study was used.A total of 202 patients [male 66%,(63 ±11) years] with ACS on aspirin and clopidogrel treatment were recruited , whose RPA were measured by whole blood aggregometry ( WBA ) , and their CYP2C19 polymorphism were also tested .Their clinical ischemic events were recorded in the mean follow-up period of 16 months.The RPA cut-off values for antiplatelet low-responsiveness were defined by the receiver operator characteristic curve ( ROC); the relationships of clinical outcomes with RPA and CYP 2C19 were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results CYP2C19*2 (681G>A) present in 52.5% of recruited patients and*3 (636G>A) present in12.9%.RPA induced by adenosine diphosphate ( ADP) showed significant difference among CYP 2C19*2 or *3 heterozygotes, CYP2C19*2 or *3 homozygotes and noncarriers (χ2 =9.318, P=0.009);whereas, RPA induced by arachidonic acid (AA) (χ2 =2.441, P=0.295) and the incidence of ischemic events (χ2 =0.513, P=0.774) were not.During follow-up, 18 (9%) patients experienced clinical ischemic episodes , and their RPA were higher than patients without ischemic episodes [(8.6 ±4.8) Ωvs (5.2 ±3.7) Ω, P =0.013; (8.6 ±6.8) Ωvs (1.6 ±3.7) Ω, P <0.001].Moreover, employing 6.5 Ω(induced by ADP) and 2.5 Ω(induced by AA) as cutoff values,RPA showed optimal negative predictive values (97%, 96%) and poor positive predictive values (16%,29%).Survival analysis showed, statistically, patients with clopidogrel low-responsiveness had higher riskof ischemic episodes than patients with clopidogrel responsiveness (HR =2.86, χ2 =11.27,P =0.0008);however, patients with aspirin low responsiveness (HR =1.77, χ2 =1.74, P =0.19) or patients withCYP2C19*2 or *3 (HR =0.89, χ2 =0.12, P =0.73) did not.Conclusion Clopidogrel lowresponsiveness is associated with the occurrence of clinical ischemic events ; however, patients withCYP2C19 function reduced genetypes do not show higher risk of ischemic episodes though it presented slighlyhigher RPA.

BACKGROUND:Currently, the study of total hip arthroplasty in elderly is more. Perioperative treatment and postoperative rehabilitation are increasingly perfect, but the study of middle-aged total hip arthroplasty is less, especialy long curative effect in postoperative and long-term folow-up stil has many problems to be solved. In China, there are few studies addressing how to select the prosthesis during total hip arthroplasty in middle-aged patients, which kind or material of prosthesis is better, so the evidence for clinical application is less. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the repair effects of bone cement total hip arthroplasty and uncemented total hip arthroplasty in middle-aged patients. METHODS:A total of 60 middle-aged patients who received total hip arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2005 to January 2008 were folowed up for 5 years. Their mean age was (37±6) years. There were 32 cases undergoing uncemented total hip arthroplasty and 28 cases receiving bone cement total hip arthroplasty. At 6 months, 2 and 5 years after replacement, Harris score for recovery of limb function and imaging findings were compared and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Harris score for recovery of limb function was significantly better in the uncemented total hip arthroplasty group than in the bone cement total hip arthroplasty group at 6 months, 2 and 5 years after replacement (P < 0.01). No complications were found at 6 months in the uncemented total hip arthroplasty group, but one case affected osteolysis at 2 years and two cases experienced prosthesis loosing at 5 years after arthroplasty. In the bone cement total hip arthroplasty group, two cases had osteolysis and one case had prosthesis loosing at 6 months after arthroplasty, three cases had prosthesis loosing at 2 years, and two cases affected linear permeability dissolvement at 5 years after arthroplasty. These findings suggest that uncemented prosthesis achieved a high rate of functional restoration and a low rate of complications in middle-aged patients. Uncemented total hip arthroplasty had satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum of 5-year folow-up.

AIM:To discuss the related factors that affected the stability of posterior corneal surface after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK) .
METHODS:About 64 patients (64 eyes) were enrolled. The correlation among the changes in posterior corneal surface 6 month after LASIK, surgery method, corneal flap thickness ( FT ) , ablation thickness ( AT ) , postoperative residual corneal stroma thickness ( RCST ) , preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( CT ) , flap thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( FT/CT ) , ablation thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( AT/CT) , postoperative residual corneal stroma thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( RCST/CT) , anterior and posterior preoperative corneal height, the difference of the forward shift in posterior corneal surface ( diff value ) of preoperative and preoperative intraocular pressure were analyzed.
RESULTS: The changes of diff value between preoperative and postoperative were related with diopter (r=0.419, P=0.014), AT (r=0.394, P=0.023), AT/CT (r=0.501, P=0.004), Diff value of preoperative (r=0.501, P=0. 004), RCST (r=-0. 385, P=0. 033) and RCST/CT (r=-0. 401, P=0. 025). The changes of height value from posterior corneal surface between preoperative and postoperative were related with diopter (r=0. 520, P=0. 002), AT (r=0.504, P=0. 003), AT/CT (r=0. 442, P=0. 013), Diff value of preoperative (r=0. 624, P=0. 000) and RCST/CT (r=-0. 394, P=0. 028).
CONCLUSION: AT, RCST, AT/CT, RCST/CT and diff value of preoperative should be the key index that predicted the stability of posterior corneal surface after LASIK,the further research will give the range of safety value.

Objective To study the impedance detected by the whole blood electrical impedance aggregometry in evaluating the effect of antiplatelet therapy.Methods The imprecision of the two different assays(the whole blood electrical impedance aggregometry and the plasma light transmission aggregometry) was compared.Thirty healthy volunteers and 60 patients with coronary artery disease under antiplatelet treatment were enrolled in the present study,whose anti-aggregated blood were collected for the measurement of electrical impedance in the presence of ADP,arachidonic acid and collagen,respectively.Finally,we analysed the agreement between the results of the two different assays which were used to measured the antiplatelet effect of aspirin and clopidgrel.Results The imprecision analysis showed the CV,(the whole blood electrical impedance aggregometry was 4.8%,superior to the plasma light transmission aggregometry (CV = 7.7%).In healthy control group,the mean impedances were(9.6?3.4)?、(10.4?2.8)? and (13.5?2.2)? in the presence of ADP,arachidonic acid and collagen as in the patients taking aspirin 100 mg/day,the 95% patients' results were 0 ?.Furthermore,the mean impedance of patients taking aspirin 100 mg/day and/or clopidogrel 75 mg/day was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers(ADP as agonist,t = 2.391,P

Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of injury of cortical nerve cell in the newborn with hypoxia/ischemia brain damage (HIBD), and the neuroprotective effect of Radix Astragali (RA).

METHODSNeonatal HIBD model rats were established and divided into the sham group, the model group and the RA group. Brain of rats obtained at different time points after HIBD to conduct histopathological examination, neuron death rate count, as well as determination of caspase-3 (cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3) protein mRNA expression in cerebral cortex by immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.

RESULTSIn the model group, caspase-3 mRNA and protein showed an increase at 6 hrs, reached the peak at 24 hrs, and decreased at 48 hrs after HIBD, on the 5th and 7th day restored to baseline level. After being treated by RA, the neuron death rate of ligated side was obviously reduced, caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression peak value decreased by 45% (mRNA) and 40% - 43% (protein).

CONCLUSIONRA shows markedly neuron protection in immature brain cortex after HIBD, which is related with the inhibition on caspase-3 expression.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Survival ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To investigate the correlation between FIB-4 and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2012, the clinicopathological and follow-up data of 245 patients with HCC after curative resection were retrospectively studied. Their survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: According to FIB-4 index, patients were divided into two subgroups: FIB-4Ⅰ(≤3.25) and FIB-4Ⅱ(>3.25). FIB-4 could predict liver cirrhosis severity (Ishak grade, Grade 1-5 vs. Grad 6, r=0.681, P<0.001). It was associated with liver function such as:aspartate transaminase (P<0.001)、total bilirubin (P=0.009)、albumin (P=0.001) and platelet count (P<0.001) other than tumor clinicopathologic features. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed FIB-4 could predict the prognosis of HCC patients (Overall survival: P=0.037 and 0.011; Recurrencefree survival: P=0.027 and P=0.043, respectively). Conclusion: The preoperative FIB-4 index could be used as a prognostic marker for the prognosis of HCC after curative hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of Diacylglycerol Kinase α (DGKα) mRNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and to explore the function of DGKα in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Tissues from 30 cases of HCC and 5 normal liver tissues were collected immediately after surgical resection.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression levels and distribution of DGKα mRNA,respectively.Results Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression level of DGKα mRNA in HCC (0.798±0.317) and normal tissues (0.908±0.425) was significantly higher than those in carcinoma adjacent tissue with cirrhosis (0.205±0.102,P<0.05).In situ hybridization demonstrated that the number of DGKα mRNA positive hepatocytes in HCC [(57.6±6.3)/mm2] and normal tissues [69.8±8.7)/mm2] was significantly higher than those in carcinoma adjacent tissue with cirrhosis [(26.3±4.9)/mm2,P<0.05]; DGKα mRNA was expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in HCC and carcinoma adjacent tissue with cirrhosis,and in the nuclear of hepatocytes in normal tissues.Conclusion The present study suggests that DGKa may play important roles in carcinogenesis and progressing of HCC.

Objectiye To optimize the depth of the microchannel and the time point for sperm collection,and improve the efficiency of sperm screening on a microfluidic device. Methods Microchannels with four different depths of 25, 50, 100 and 200 μm were tested. Mice sperm were added to the inlet of the microchannel. The relative quantity and motility of sperm in the outlet were recorded at different collection times, i.e. ,5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Statistical method one-way ANOVA and appropriate post-hoc testing were applied to analyze differences between different groups, and further to select the best-fit depth of the microchannel and the time point for collection. Results In microchannels with depths of 25, 50, 100 and 200 μm, the sperm motilities measured in each outlet were (85.4 ± 2.3)%, (85.8 ± 5.8)%,( 87. 2 ± 2. 8 ) %, (76. 5 ± 2. 8 ) % respectively with statistical significance ( F = 5.8, P ＜ 0. 05 ). No obvious differences were found among 25-100 μm channels, however the motility dramatically decreased in the 200 μm group. The relative sperm quantities were (5.2 ±2.0)%, (7.2 ±2.5)%,(12.3 ±2.0)%,(7. 7 ± 1.1 ) % respectively with statistical significance ( F = 6. 9, P ＜ 0. 05), which increased with channel depth from 25 to 100 μm,while it decreased in the 200 μm channel Taking 2 indexes into account, 100 μmwas the most fit channel depth for sperm motility screening. The sperm motility in the outlet gradually decreased with time. At the time points of 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after adding sperm, the sperm motilities were (99. 6 ±0. 7)%, (87.2 ±2. 8)%, (79. 3 ±2. 2)% and (62. 6 ±8.0)% respectively with statistical significance ( F = 37. 3, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Yet the relative quantities of sperm in the outlet increased almost three times in this process. At the time points mentioned above, the relative quantities of sperm were (5.8±1.1)%, (10.6 ± 0.9)%, (12.1 ± 1.7)%, (17.9 ± 3.4)% respectively with statistical significance ( F = 17.8, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Thus 15-30 min was the ideal screening time. Conclusion An effective microdevice for sperm screening with optimized depth and collection time period is developed,which may contribute significantly for the screening of healthy sperm on microfluidic chips.

The objectives of this study are to prepare resveratrol loaded mixed micelles composed of poloxamer 403 and poloxamer 407, and optimize the formulation in order to achieve higher drug solubility and sustained drug release. Firstly, a thin-film hydration method was utilized to prepare the micelles. By using drug-loading, encapsulation yield and particle size of the micelles as criteria, influence of three variables, namely poloxamer 407 mass fraction, amount of water and feeding of resveratrol, on the quality of the micelles was optimized with a central composite design method. Steady fluorescence measurement was carried out to evaluate the critical micelle concentration of the carriers. Micelle stability upon dilution with simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was investigated. The in vitro release of resveratrol from the mixed micelles was monitored by dialysis method. It was observed that the particle size of the optimized micelle formulation was 24 nm, with drug-loading 11.78%, and encapsulation yield 82.51%. The mixed micelles increased the solubility of resveratrol for about 197 times. Moreover, the mixed micelles had a low critical micelle concentration of 0.05 mg · mL(-1) in water and no apparent changes in particle size and drug content were observed upon micelles dilution, indicating improved kinetic stability. Resveratrol was released from the micelles in a controlled manner for over 20 h, and the release process can be well described by Higuchi equation. Therefore, resveratrol-loaded poloxamer 403/407 mixed micelles could improve the solubility of resveratrol significantly and sustained drug release behavior can be achieved.
Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Kinetics ; Micelles ; Particle Size ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Stilbenes ; chemistry ; Water