Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) ithe leading cause of vision disordecaused by variouretinal diseases.Apresent,many therapeutimethodare employed clinically,such aphotodynamitherapy (PDT),anti-vasculaendothelial growth facto(anti-VEGF) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).However,none of them can cure CNV thoroughly and repeated treatmenirequired usually.The reason forecurrenCNV istill unclear.Choroidal hypoperfusion associated with Pdmay be one of the reasons.The purpose of thireview ito discusthe problem of choroidal hypoperfusion associated with PDfoCNV awell aitimpacon the eye and possible solutions.Thipapepresentevidenceof choroidal hypoperfusion aftePDand itrelationship with clinical outcomes.Meanwhile,the effecof combination therapy iassessed.Finally,low-fluence Pdirecommended apotential method to reduce choroidal hypoperfusion.

Objective:To examine the content changes of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 1, 5- dicaffeoylquinic acid and total phenolic acids in the water extract from raw and fried Xanthii Fructus. Methods:The stir-frying method was used to process fried Xanthii Fructus from different habitats. The contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the wa-ter extract were determined by HPLC, the total phenolic acids content was determined by UV. Results:The contents of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and total phenolic acids in the water extract from fried Xanthii Fructus were all in-creased. Conclusion:Fried Xanthii Fructus can increase the contents of effective ingredients in the decoction resulting in the enhanc-ment of clinical curative effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of endotoxin on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium, and to explore the molecular mechanism of acute myocardial injury. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1h, 2h, 6h groups (n=10 for each group). In the latter two groups, LPS was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Tissue samples from the myocardium were collected to determine NF-?B activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the mRNA expression of TNF-? was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with GAPDH as internal standard. Results The activation of NF-?B (2.173?0.063) and TNF-? mRNA expression (0.292?0.031) could be detected in myocardium in very low values in normal control group rats, while both the activation and expression were up-regulated markedly after LPS challenge, and peaked 2 hours afterwards (37.793?4.785 and 1.182?0.146, respectively). They were down-regulated (17.910?3.791 and 0.901?0.128, respectively) 6 hours after LPS challenge. Compared to normal controls, both NF-?B activity and TNF-? mRNA expression were significantly elevated at various time points following LPS stimulation (all P

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of fluoxertine and olanzapine in capsules by re-versed-phase high performance liquid chromatography ( RP-HPLC) . Methods:The successful separation of fluoxertine and olanzapine was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) with 10 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4. 0)-acetonitrile-methanol (55 ∶40 ∶5, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wave-length was 227 nm, the column temperature was 30℃, and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:Fluoxertine could be well separa-ted from olanzapine under the chromatographic conditions. The linearity between the peak areas and the concentrations was observed within the range of 5. 0-80. 0 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 9) for fluoxertine and 1. 2-19. 2 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 9) for olanzapine. The mean recovery of fluoxertine and olanzapine was 99. 9%(RSD=0. 94%, n=9) and 100. 2%(RSD=2. 08%, n=9), respectively. Con-clusion:The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and it can be applied in the content determination of fluoxertine and olanzapine in capsules.

Objective:To compare the similarity of dissolution curves of domestic ibuprofen suspension and the imported prepara-tion to provide the basis for the comprehensive quality evaluation of ibuprofen suspension. Methods: The in vitro dissolution of the products from four different manufacturers was investigated in pH 7. 2 phosphate buffer solution. The similarity of dissolution behavior was compared with that of the imported preparation in pH 1. 2 hydrochloric acid solution, pH 4. 5 acetate buffer solution, pH 6. 8 phos-phate buffer solution, pH 7. 2 phosphate buffer solution and water, respectively. Results:The dissolution rate of ibuprofen suspension from the four different manufacturers reached above 80% in 60 min. The dissolution profiles of ibuprofen suspension from two different manufacturers were similar with that of the imported preparation. Conclusion: The dissolution behavior of ibuprofen suspension from different manufacturers is significantly different.

Objective To investigate the changes in Toll-like re ceptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differential protein-2 (MD-2) gene expression in t he liver of septic rats, and to elucidate the relationship between the expressio n of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF? mRNA. Methods Sepsis model was reproduced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control and 1h, 2h, 6h after LPS in jection (20 rats for each group). Rats were sacrificed at different time points, and the expression of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA in the liver was measure d by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TN F-? mRNA were up-regulated, peaking 1h after LPS injection, and then declined gradually 2~6h after LPS challenge. The expressions at every time point were hi gher than that in control group (P

Objective To explore the surgical indication, the operative procedure and effect of breast-conserving surgery plus combined treatment for the patients with early breast cancer. Methods 51 patients with early breast cancer were treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonotherapy postoperatively. The result of breast-conserving group was compared with 56 patients treated by modified radical mastectomy (control group). Results 25 patients underwent quadrant resection plus axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), 15 patients were subjected to local resection plus ALND, and 11 patients received quadrant resection only. All patients were followed-up for an average of 16.9 months. In BCS group, one patient was found to have local recurrence, and the distant metastasis rate was 0%. In the control group, no patient had local recurrence and the distant metastasis rate was 3.6%. The operative complication rate in BCS group and control group was 13.7% and 33.9% respectively (p﹤0.05). Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery plus combined treatment is safe and satisfactory for early breast cancer. It can be considered as the first choice for the treatment of patients with breast cancer in early stage.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical treatment of primary retroperitoneal neurogenic tumor(PRNT). Methods 93 cases of PRNT were confirmed by operation and pathology from 1990 to 2003, and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Primary neurogenic tumor accounted for 93 of 452 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumor in the same period. They included 24 cases of neurilemoma(25.8%), 19 cases of malignant neurilemoma(20.4%), 14 cases of chemodectoma(15.1%), 16 cases of neurofibroma(17.2%), and 20 cases of other rare tumors (21.5%) . The diagnostic rate of CT and MRI was 65.6% and 73.9%, respectively. In all but two patients the tumors were resectable. The resectability rate was 97.9%(91/93). The 3-year and 5-year survival rate in patients with benign and malignant tumors were 95.9%,80.1% and 42.4%,10.5%, respectively. There were 8 cases(13.1%) and 14 cases(43.8%) with recurrence after operation in benign and malignant tumors respectively. Conclusions CT and MRI are helpful in diagnosis. Surgical resection is the first choice of treatment. Prognosis in benign tumor is good, but postoperative recurrence of malignant tumor is frequent.

BACKGROUND: Learning and memory disorder exist in diabetic rats,which can be improved by APP 17-mer peptide. However, it is unclear whether learning and memory disorder in diabetes mellitus is caused by influencing neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potentials and apoptosis in hippocampus or not and what is the related action mechanism of APP17-mer peptide.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of APP17-mer peptide on neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (△ψm) and apoptosis in hippocampal area of diabetic rats.DESIGN: A completely randomized, grouping and controlled trial.SETTING: Beijing Research Laboratory for Brain Aging, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences; the Department of Endocrine, the First Central Hospital of Baoding.MATERIALS: The data measurement of the experiment was carried out in the Instrument Testing Center, the General Hospital of Chinese PLA between May 2002 and August 2002. The modeling and intervention of the experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences. Eighteen male Wistar rats were enrolled and randomized into control group, model group and APP17-mer peptide group with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: ① Diabetic models in the model and APP17-mer peptide groups were established by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (pH=4.4) in fasted rats(fasting for 12 hours). Three days later, modeling was successful if blood sugar level in caudal vein was more than 15 mmol/L. Rats in the control group were not subjected to modeling.Then, the rats in the APP17-mer peptide group were subjected to the subcutaneous injection of APP17-mer peptide (3.4 μg for each rat once) three times a week and totally for ten weeks, whereas rats in the other groups were given saline of the same volume. ② After ten weeks, rats were anesthetized and decapitated to take out brain tissues, and then hippocampal tissues were isolated in ice bath for preparation of single cell suspension.JC-1 labeled mitochondrial transmembrane potentials and cell apoptosis in hippocampal area were measured by means of flow cytometry. ③ One-way analysis of variance was adopted in the comparison among groups.RESULTS: Eighteen rats were involved in the results analysis. ①Neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potential was lower in the model group as compared with the control group [(551.91±53.36) vs (809.88±82.41) △ψm,P＜0.01] while it was higher in the APP17-mer peptide group as compared with the model group [(705.99±89.92) vs (551.91±53.36) △ψm, P ＜ 0.05].There was no difference between the APP17-mer peptide group and control group (P=0.146). ②) Apoptotic percentage of single cell in hippocampus was significantly higher in the model group than in the control and APP17-mer peptide groups [(5.32±1.37)%, (1.03±0.55)%, (2.80±0.92)%, P＜0.01, 0.05].CONCLUSION: Neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cell apoptosis in hippocampus may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus, and APP17-mer peptide plays an improved role in the process.

Objective To investigate the security characteristics of rural young boarding pupils and its influencing factors.Methods 210 boarding and 265 non-boarding rural young pupils of Huojia in Henan were tested by questionnaires,including of a self-developed questionnaire,security questionnaire and adolescent mental resilience scale.Results ①The scores of the interpersonal security (25.99 ± 5.53),the determine control sense factor (24.63 ±6.17) and the total security(50.62 ± 10.37) in the boarding pupils were statistically lower than non-boarding pupils (27.36 ± 6.38,26.00 ± 6.55,53.36 ± 11.77,P ＜0.05).②There were statistically significant difference in the scores of the interpersonal security,the determine control sense factor and the total security among the different grades(P＜0.05),but there were no statistically sex difference in the scores(P ＞ 0.05).③Group regression analysis showed that,no family factors in the young boarding pupils had influence on the score of the security sense factors and the total (P＞0.05),and marital relationship of parents,only child,father' s and mother(')s education background of non-boarding pupils had certain influence on the score of the interpersonal security,the determine control sense factor and the total security (β =-0.43-0.27,P＜ 0.05).④The group regression analysis showed that,the problem solving and self-efficacy,parents'high expectations in mental toughness respectively had some effect on the interpersonal security of boarding and non-boarding pupils(β =-0.15,β =0.25,P＜0.05),and social ability and family care,schools resilience respectively had influence on the determine control sense in boarding and non-boarding pupils (β =-2.91-2.87,P＜0.05),and social ability,parents'high expectations respectively had influence on the total security in boarding and non-boarding pupils (β =-0.17,β=0.22,P＜0.05).Conclusion The security-sense in boarding young pupils are lower than the non-boarding young pupils,and family factors and mental toughness have different effects on security-sense of two kinds pupils.