Objective To explore the pattern of cognitive impairments mainly caused by the white matter lesions(WML) in the frontal lobe in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD).Methods Fifty SIVD patients were divided into severe WML group (visual score >3, n=27) and mild WML group(visual score ≤3, n=23) according to their severities of the WML in frontal lobe .Seven patients without SIVD were collected as controls .All patients underwent a set of neuropsychological battery ,and the results were analyzed .Results There was no statistical significance among three groups on basic data .Compared with mild WML group and control group , non frontal white matter scores and numbers of lacunes in frontal lobe of severe WML group were significantly higher ( all P=0.000).Compared with mild WML group,the Montreal cognitive assessment scale in severe WML group were significantly lower ( P=0.047 ) , and scores related to the executive function were significantly lower ( P=0.006 ) , even after adjusting the numbers of lacunes in frontal lobe ,there was statistically significant difference (P=0.038). Multiple regression confirmed that the Z scores of executive functions were mainly affected by white matter lesions located in the frontal lobe ( P=0.000 ) .Conclusion WML located in the frontal lobe mainly affect the executive function in patients with SIVD .

Biomedical Research ; trends ; Biophysics ; trends ; Magnetics ; trends ; Science ; trends

In the measurement of the forced oscillation respiratory impedance, we designed a narrow-band second-order band-pass comb filter which is centered at the forced oscillation frequencies for eliminating the interference of spontaneous breathing. The result shows that an increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reaches 6.0 dB, and keeps it almost constant over the whole frequency band when compared with a conventional high-pass filtering. So we can assess correctly the impedance of respiratory system.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of paramagnetic particles chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay ( CMIA) for detection of serum Vitamin B12 ( VitB12 ).Methods: Analysed CMIA system precision, accuracy, anti-interference, analytical measuring range( AMR) ,clinical reportable range ( CRR) and biological reference interval were evaluated,according to the clinical and laboratory standards institude ( CLSI) EP5-A2,EP15-A2,EP7-A2,EP6-A,C28-A3c guidelines.To assess the accuracy,we used the reference material SRM 1955 from national institute of standards and technology ( NIST ) and external quality assessment ( EQA) samples ( LN5-B and K-C) from CAP.Results:The precisions of within-run and between-run were less than standard of manu-facturer when the concentration of VitB12 was 108.84-874.43 pmol/L.The results of SRM1955 met the allowable range of the target val-ue.The results of EQA samples( K-C and LN5-B) also up to the CAP calibration and validation/linear evaluation error limits stipulated standards,and the results through linear verification when the concentration of VitB12 was 89-1 057 pmol/L.The 95% verification interval contains the specified value also.The relative deviation was less than external quality assessment standard from national center for clinical laboratory ( TEa:target value ±25%).Anti-interference evaluation showed without significant interferenc when TG ≤20 mmol/L,Bil ≤300 μmol/L VitC≤1.5 g/L to the VitB12 detection system ( CMIA).AMR validation showed determines the best fit equation was linear equation polynomial.There was the linear relationship when the concentration of VitB12 was 0-1 107 pmol/L.The upper limit of CRR was 110 700 pmol/L,the maximum dilution was 100 times.Biological reference interval validation showed that the overall level of VitB12 in this study reference individuals conform to the standard of manufacturer statement for the population,the overall level of VitB12 in female little higher than male,but no significant differences.Conclusion:Performance of CMIA for detection of serum VitB12 basically met needs of laboratory,which can provide reliable results of VitB12 for laboratory,provide information for the VitB12 status of population in the laboratory evaluation.

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment options and its results for thoracic and thoracolumbar disc herniation.Methods From June 2004 to December 2009,thirty-one patients of thoracic and thoracolumbar disc herniation with or without ossification of ligament flavum were surgically treated,including 22 males and 9 females,with a mean age of 54 years(range,24 to 71 years).According to Anand and Regan clinical classification,there was type 2 for 1 case,grade 3a for 2,grade 3b for 3,grade 4 for 6,and grade 5 for 19.The neurological status was Frankel B for 2 cases,C for 6,D for 11,and E for 12.Anterior surgeries were performed for 18 patients without ossification of ligament flavum.Anterior decompression was performed through the resection of posterior part of vertebral body,or subtotal resection of vertebral body,followed by strut graft and internal fixation.Posterior surgeries were performed for 13 patients with disc herniation and ossification of ligament flavum.The resection of hemi-articular process and total laminectomy was performed.Results The complications of 18 patients with anterior surgery included laceration of dura mater in 1 case,nerve root sleeve injury in 1 case,intercostal neuralgia in 3 cases,atelectasis in 1 case,and femoroiliac numbness in 2 cases.The complications of 13 patients with posterior surgery included intra-canal hematoma in 1 cases,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in 2 cases,infection of incision in 1 cases,and pneumonia in 1 case.The patients were followed for 18 months(range,6 to 48 months).At final follow-up,the neurological status and local symptom improved in all patients,with Frankel C for 3 cases,D for 7,and E for 21;and Anand and Regan type 1 for 2 cases,2 for 1,3a for 1,4 for 2,5 for 10 and no symptom for 15.Conclusion For thoracic and thoracolumbar disc herniation,anterior surgery is suitable for patients mainly suffered anterior cord compression.Resection of posterior part of vertebral body or subtotal resection of vertebral body is often needed for sufficient decompression.Posterior surgery is suitable for patients with anterior and posterior cord compression due to ossification of ligament flavum,and the decompression can be obtained by resection of hemi-articular process and total laminectomy.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses valsartan on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Methods 53 white rabbits were randomly divided into control group,cholesterol group,and valsartan group of high-,middle-,and low-dose.The positive expression of pro-oncogene c-myc and c-fos mRNA was studied with in situ reverse transcription-PCR)ISRT-PCR).The histoppathological changes of aorta were observed.Results)1) Positive expression rate of pro-oncogene c-myc and c-fos mRNA was significantly higher in cholesterol than that in the qontrol group.The rate of positive expression was remarkably lower in the high-dose valsartan group than that in the cholesterol group)P

Objective To compare the influence of washing processed of banked suspended red blood cells (RBCs) by cell saver and the influence by zero-balanced ultrafiltration(Z-BUF) on the inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in infants.Methods Sixty infants with ventricular septal defect (VSD) were randomly divided into a control group (group A,20 cases), group B(20 cases)and group C (20 cases).Banked suspended RBCs were washed by cell saver before priming in group B,in group C the banked suspended RBCs were treated with Z-BUF and in group C the banked suspended RBCs were primed directly without any pre-treatment.Samples of the arterial blood were obtained respectively before the start of the CPB (T1), when the CPB stopped(T2) ,2 h after CPB (T3), 12 h after CPB (T4) and 24 h after CPB (T5).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 were detected and analyzed comparatively among 3 groups.Results The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 ,IL-10 in 3 groups at T2,T3 ,T4 showed a rising trend markedly,and the above four indicators of A,B and C at T4respectivelywere:(110.3±14.0) ×10-9g/L,(90.6±10.3) ×10-gg/L,(103.3±9.7) ×10-9g/L;(54.1 ± 6.5) ×10-9 g/L,(39.3±4.2) ×10-9 g/L, (46.2±5.7) ×10-9 g/L;(96.8 ±9.2) ×10-9 g/L, (82.5 ±6.5) × 10-9 g/L,(88.4±5.1) ×10-9 g/L;(228.4 ±42.9) ×10 9 g/L,(171.5 ±26.4) ×10-9 g/L,(202.9 ±42.8) × 10-9 g/L.The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in group B and group C were significantly lower than those in group A at T2, T3 ,T4 and T5(all P ＜0.05) ,but there was no significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 among 3 groups at T5;the levels ofTNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 ,IL-10 in group B were significantly lower than those in group C at T2,T3 and T4(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Processing of banked suspended pre-RBCs with cell saver and Z-BUF can relieve systemic inflammatory response, and the effect of washing with cell saver is better compared with that of Z-BUF.

Objective To observe the effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on the renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and nighttime lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) were evaluated in 298 patients with T2DM using a portable sleep apnea monitor.Patients were divided into T2DM without OSAHS group (n=120) and with OSAHS group (n=178) according to AHI<5.Patients were divided into 3 groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): eGFR>90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 (n=190), 90>eGFR>60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 (n=84), eGFR<60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 (n=24).The influencing factors of eGFR and AHI were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results There were significant differences in eGFR, uric acid (UA), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and urinary albumin between T2DM without OSAHS and with OSAHS groups(all P<0.05).eGFR showed a significant correlation with AHI(r=-0.154, P=0.008), ODI(r=-0.236,P<0.01),and LSaO2(r=0.145, P=0.024).Logistic regression revealed that eGFR(OR=0.991, 95%CI 0.983~0.998, P=0.014), BMI(OR=1.107, 95%CI 1.028~1.193, P=0.008)were independent risk factors for AHI.There were significant differences in age, urinary albumin, AHI, ODI, LSaO2 among groups with various eGFR levels (P<0.05).Stepwise regression showed that age(β=-0.456, 95%CI-0.571~-0.346,P<0.01)and AHI(β=-0.119, 95%CI-0.226~-0.007,P=0.037) were independent risk factors for eGFR.Conclusions OSAHS is a risk factor for renal impairment in patients with T2DM.

BackgroundMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)plays an important role in the tumor,inflammation,diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular disease,but the expression and the role of MCP-1 in the oxygen induced retinopathy(OIR) model have rarely been reported. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of MCP-1 in the retina development of newborn mouse and in mouse models with OIR.Methods C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided into two groups and 60 mice in each group.Mice in OIR group were exposed to 75％ oxygen for 5 days and then to room air.All mice in normal control group exposed to room air only.Ten mice in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed at postnatal 5,7,12,14,17,21 days.The expression of MCP-1 in mouse retina was detected with the method of immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results MCP-1 positive cells were seen in normal mouse retina.Up-regulation of MCP-1 positive cells was detected both in 12 days in normal control group and in 14 days in OIR group.MCP-1 mRNA was detected in mouse retina at 5 days,and a transient up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA was observed in 12 days in normal control group.MCP-1 mRNA in OIR group significantly increased in 14 days in comparison with the normal control group( P =0.028,P =0.001 ). Conclusions Expression of MCP-1 is detectable in whole retinal development procession of mice.A transient up-regulation of MCP-1 expression is detected in the critical period of retinal vascular development in mice models with OIR,which is closely related to the retinal vascular development and progression of retinal new vessels.

BACKGROUND:Complex scapular fractures were mainly treated by implant fixation. Standard fixation approach (Judet approach) had long incision and big trauma. With the application of spiral CT and three-dimensional reconstruction, minimal y invasive incision could be designed before implant fixation, and then fixation could be finished by physicians. Thus, trauma was reduced and repair effect was elevated. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of the three-dimensional reconstruction design combined with titanium plate reconstruction or lag screw for treatment of scapular fractures. METHODS:From February 2007 to January 2012, 33 cases of scapular fractures were enrol ed from Department of Orthopedics, No. 1 Hospital of Qinhuangdao in China. They were scanned by three dimensional reconstruction of CT before implant fixation to identify the regions needed to be repositioned and fixed. Thus, minimal y invasive incision of implant fixation was designed. The dissection of skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle was reduced. Reposition was performed. Titanium plate and/or lag screw were used for fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operation lasted for 90-130 minutes in 33 patients, with intraoperative blood loss for 300-400 mL. Fracture was total y healed, and the healing time was 2-4 months. The fol ow up lasted for 12-24 months. According to Hardegger standard, there were excellent in 17 cases, good in 12 cases, average in 3 cases and poor in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 88%. These results suggested that three-dimensional reconstruction design combined with minimal y invasive incision treatment for scapular fractures showed fewer traumas, can complete the satisfactory fracture reduction and implant fixation, and obtain good repair effect.