Objective The purpose of this work was to compare the efficacy of narrow band imaging-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB) with conventional white light imagingassisted TURB in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods Several databases were searched,including Cochrance Libarary,PubMed,Embase,Wanfang,VIP,CNKI and CBM.The endpoints were biochemical failure in 3 months,1 year and 2 years.We performed a meta-analysis of the published data.The results are expressed as risk ratio (RR),with the corresponding 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results The final analysis included seven trials comprising 1889 patients.Biochemical failure in 3months (RR0.73,95％ CI 0.55-0.96;P =0.02),1 year(RR 0.69,95％ CI 0.58-0.80;P ＜ 0.01) and 2 years (RR 0.58,95％ CI 0.41-0.82;P =0.002) were fewer in patients who received narrow band imagingassisted TURB.The recurrence rates of 3 months,1 year and 2 years were 14.44％,29.35％ and 30％ in white light imaging group.The recurrence rates of 3 months,1 year and 2 years were 3.61％,9.35％ and 12.59％ lower in narrow band imaging group compared with white light imaging group.Conclusions Narrow band imaging-assisted TURB was superior to conventional white light imaging-assisted TURB in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2 years.

Objective To develop the Quality of Life Questionnaire with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics for patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods The pool of entries were initially formed by using literature review,theoretical analysis and interviews.Delphi technique was used to formulate.quality of life questionnaire for patients with ulcerative colitis through a two-round expert consultation among 22 experts in 9 provinces.Results In two-round surveys,the rates of questionnaire retrieve were 95.7％ and 100.0％,respectively.The authoritative coefficients was 0.85,the coordination coefficients were 0.288 and 0.290,respectively,P＜ 0.01.The preparation of the primary scale consisted of physical,psychological,independence and social function of 4 dimensions and 48 items.Conclusions A reliable and valid questionnaire with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics for evaluation of quality of life for patients with ulcerative colitis was developed.It can be used to provide reference for the evaluation of the quality of life for patients with ulcerative colitis in China.

The population of bacterial physiological groups in tomato with different resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum was studied. The results suggested that endophytic bacterial communities and population in tomato variety changed with different resistant cultivars, different stages of tomato and seasons. It was con-ducted that the amount of ammoniation bacteria was the highest among the seven physiological bacterial groups. There were more ammoniation bacteria in high resistant tomato cultivars than that in high suscepti-ble cultivars. It may indicate that ammoniation bacteria played a key role in the occurrence of tomato bacte-rial wilt. In addition, the total amount of physiological bacteria in resistant cultivars was more than that in susceptible cultivars in different stages of tomato, and the tendency of changing displayed fluctuation. The average level of quantities of the ammoniation bacteria, nitrifiers bacteria, erobic nitogenfixing bacteria and desulphate reducer bacteria in summer were higher than that in winter, while the population of the sulphate reduced bacteria in winter was higher than that in summer. Furthermore, the amount of anaerobic bacteria was the least among them.

When the glomerular mesangial cells of rats were cultured in vitro at high glucose concentration,the activity of extraeellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),the expression of transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1)mRNA and the content of typeⅣcollagen in the supematant were higher than those at normal glucose concentration.These effects were inhibited by fluvastatin.The results showed that the activation of ERK signal transduction pathways appeared to play a role in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore,fluvastatin could protect the kidney by inhibiting ERK signal transduction pathway and TGF-?_1 expression.

Objective The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of human coronavirus NL63 infection in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in Changsha.Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) samples were collected from 1185 hospitalized children with ALRTI at the People's Hospital of Hunan province,between September 2008 and October 2010.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to screen for coronavirus NL63,which is a 255 bp fragment of a part of N gene.All positive amplification products were confirmed by sequencing and compared with those in GenBank.Results The overall frequency of coronavirus NL63 infection was 0.8％,6 (60％) out of the coronavirus NL63 positive patients were detected in summer,2 in autumn,1 in spring and winter,respectively.The patients were from 2 months to two and a half years old.The clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia ( 60％ ),bronchiolitis ( 30％ ),and acute laryngotracheal bronchitis( 10％ ).Four of the 10 cases had critical illness,4 cases had underlying diseases,and 7 cases had mixed infection with other viruses. The homogeneity of coronavirus NL63 with those published in the GenBank at nucleotide levels was 97％-100％.Conclusion Coronavirus NL63 infection exists in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha.Coronavirus NL63 infections are common in children under 3 years of age.There is significant difference in the infection rate between the boys and the girls:the boys had higher rate than the girls.The peak of prevalence of the coronavirus NL63 was in summer.A single genetic lineage of coronavirus NL63 was revealed in human subjects in Changsha.Coronavirus NL63 may also be one of the lower respiratory pathogen in China.

OBJECTIVETo understand the risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by comparing the perinatal conditions of preterm infants with different severities of RDS.

METHODSA total of 667 preterm infants with RDS were classified into 4 groups according to the chest X-ray severity: grade I (217 cases), grade II (225 cases), grade III (126 cases) and grade IV (99 cases). The perinatal conditions of the preterm infants were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the gender, the percentage of twins, the percentage of the younger one in twins, maternal age, the percentage of using antenatal corticosteroids, the percentage of premature rupture of membranes, the percentage of placental abruption, the delivery mode and the fertilization mode in preterm infants with different severities of RDS. With the increasing severity of RDS, the birth weight and the gestational age decreased, and the percentage of the infants with Apgar score ≤7 or maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension increased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe severity of RDS is related to gestational age, birth weight and perinatal asphyxia in preterm infants.

Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; classification ; etiology

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the roots tuber of Aconitum ouvrardianum H..METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of methy extract from A.ouvrardianum roots tuber was isolated and purified by silica,aluminium oxide column,Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as kongboendine (1),anisoezochasmaconitine (2),lipo-14-O-anisoylbikhaconine (3),franchetine (4),talatisamine (5),chasmanine (6),crassicauline A (7),chasmaconitine (8),14-dehydrotalatisamine (9),lipoindaconitine (10),indaconitine (11),yunaconitine (12),lipoyunaconitine (13),liljestrandisine (14),transconitine B (15),ouvrardiantine (16),atropurpursine (17),8-deacetylyunaconitine (18).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-4,9-10,13,15,17 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

AIM:To investigate the effect of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)on cardiac function and activity of renin-angiotensin(Ang)-aldosterone(ALD)system(RAAS)in the rats with chronic heart failure(CHF).METHODS:The CHF rat model was established by abdominal aortic coarctation.SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,low dose of NaHS group and high dose of NaHS group(n=6).The left ventricular end-diastolic di-ameter(LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were measured before and after treatment by echocardiography in each group.The levels of renin,AngⅡand ALD in the plasma were measured by ELISA.The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R)at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium tissues was determined by qPCR and Western blot,respectively. RESULTS:After treatment with NaHS,compared with model group and before treatment,LVEDD and LVESD in low dose of NaHS group and high dose of NaHS group were decreased significantly, while LVEF was increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with low dose of NaHS group,LVEDD and LVESD were decreased,while LVEF was increased in high dose of NaHS group(P<0.05).Compared with sham operation group,the levels of renin,AngⅡand ALD in the plasma of model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of ACE and AT1R at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium tissues of model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the plas-ma levels of renin,AngⅡand ALD in low dose of NaHS group and high dose of NaHS group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the myocardial expression of ACE and AT 1R at mRNA and protein levels was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05).The plasma levels of renin,AngⅡand ALD,and the myocardial expression of ACE and AT 1R at mRNA and protein levels in high dose of NaHS group were significantly lower than those in low dose of NaHS group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NaHS inhibits the activation of RAAS,thus improving the cardiac function of CHF rats,and the effect of high-dose NaHS is better than that of low-dose NaHS.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the sleep structures of patients with both chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in plateau area.Methods:Polysomography Alice 5 was applied to 23 patients with primary chronic insomnia [insomnia group, age (48.2±9.9) years], 22 patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA [comorbidity group, age (46.8±8.9) years], who both came from Qinghai Red Cross Hospital between January, 2014 to June, 2015 and 20 subjects with normal sleep [healthy group, age (46.2±7.1) years] in plateau area (mainly in Xining, altitude 2 250 meters or above) to compare and explore their sleep structures by the whole night sleep monitoring in the sleep monitoring room. The sleep structures were compared according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events.Results:Compared to healthy group, insomnia group and comorbidity group both had significantly lower sleep efficiency [(62.4%±16.7%), (59.8%±16.0%) vs (80.9%±8.8%)], non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase 2 sleep ratio [(37.9%±12.2%), (36.2%±12.5%) vs (49.7%±6.2%)] and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ratio [(7.7%±4.0%), (6.5%±4.0%) vs (12.5%±4.6%)] (all P<0.05); comorbidity group had a significantly higher oxygen desaturation index than insomnia group and healthy group [(30.8±29.2) vs (7.9±7.5), (5.9±2.7) times/h] ( P<0.05); insomnia group′s sleep latency of NREM3 stage was significantly longer than comorbidity group and healthy group [(148.9±113.6) vs (89.3±51.8), (59.1±40.3) min] (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA and patients with chronic insomnia only in plateau area have different sleep structures, and both of their sleep quality are lower than the people with normal sleep; patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA could enter deep sleep more quickly after sleep onset.

Objective In order to understand the epidemiological and virologic characteristics of coronavirus HKU1 infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in Changsha. Methods 1165 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) specimens were collected from hospitalized children with ARTI between September 2007 and August 2008 in Changsha. Specimens were screened for pol gene of coronavirus HKU1 by polymerase chain reaction. All positive amplification products were confirmed by sequencing and compared with those in GenBank. Results Coronavirus HKU1 were detected in 12patients (1.03%) out of the 1165 children. The patients were from 8 days to 3 years. The most common clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia( 83. 33% ). Similarity of coronavirus HKU1 with those published in the GenBank at nucleotide levels was 98. 18%-100%. Conclusion Coronavirus HKU1 may be important pathogens in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Coronavirus HKU1 infections are common in children under 3 years old. There is no significant difference in the infectious rate between the boys and the girls. The peak of its prevalence is in spring and winter. A single genetic lineage of Coronavirus HKU1was revealed in human subjects in Changsha.