Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on energy supply and mitochondrial oxidation phosphorylation of isolated rabbit heart muscle in order to compare the cardiotoxicity of the two local anestheties and explain the mechanism Methods Twenty four New Zealand rabbits weighing (2135?345)g were randomly divided into three groups of 8 animals each: control group(C); ropivacaine group(R) and bupivacaine group (B) The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane 2g?kg -1 and heparinized (heparin 4mg?kg -1 ) Heart was quickly removed and connected to Langendoff preparation and perfused with oxygenated Krebs Henseleit buffer solution at normothermia(37℃) via aorta After 15 min perfusion, ropivacaine (group R) or bupivacaine(group B) was added to perfusate(500ng?ml -1 ) The heart was then perfused for another 10 min Myocardial tissue was taken from ventricle for determination of ATP, ADP and AMP content with high performance liquid chromatography Myocardial mitochondria was prepared and its oxidation of pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine was measured using Clark electrode Results Myocardial ATP and ADP decreased significantly in group R and B as compared with those in group C The decrease in ATP and ADP in group B was more than that in group R (P

At present, the level of diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancer has a larger gap between China and developed countries. In recent years, the advent of new endoscopic imaging techniques has improved the detection rate of early gastrointestinal cancer. Along with this, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) enables radical resection for early cancer. In this article, we discuss how to improve the level of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancer.
China ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To study the effects of heart ischemia reperfusion on conductive function of atrioventricular node (AVN) in rabbits. Methods Animal models of ischemia reperfusion of AVN were established by ligating and reopening the right coronary artery of rabbits. A total of 60 adult rabbits were divided into control groups ( n =10), right coronary artery occlusion group ( n =10), and ischemia reperfusion groups with ligation of the right artery occlusion for 10, 30, 60 and 120 min respectively ( n =10 for every subgroup). The hemodynamics, His bundle electrography and epicardial electography were carried out and recorded. Results After occlusion of right coronary artery, 94.8% animals in experimental groups were found to have prolonged atrial His interval (AH) ( P

ObjectiveTo study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the cholinergic neurons of hippocampus and praxiology of vascular dementia rats.MethodsThe vascular dementia models were made and divided into control and therapy group. After 30 days of HBO therapy, abilities of learning and memory of rats were tested by using the Morris water maze. Immunochemistry staining was used to observe the number of cholinergic neurons of CA1 subfield of hippocampus. ResultsAbilities of learning and memory of rats and the number of the neurons positive to ChAT like immunoreaction in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus significantly increased in therapy group.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective on the vascular dementia model rats.

Objective To evaluate the significance of standardized ultrasound examination of fetal structures in the ifrst trimester (11-13+6 weeks). Methods The ultrasound data of 29 858 fetuses who underwent the ifrst trimester screening were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012 and followed up the cases with structural abnormalities and increased nuchal translucency (NT). Results Among 29 858 fetuses, 328 structural defects were detected in 284 fetuses (0.95%) by ultrasound in the first trimester, including fetal hydrops (124 cases), choroid plexus cysts (36 cases), exencephaly (32 cases), gastroschisis (24 cases), exomphalos (22 cases), cardiac defects (19 cases), megacystis (14 cases), spine abnormalities (10 cases), meningoceles/encephaloceles (9 cases), alobar holoprosencephaly (8 cases), hydrocephaly (7 cases), abnormalities of extremities (7 cases), acrania (6 cases), amniotic band syndrome (4 cases), abdominal cyst (3 cases) and conjoined twins (3 cases). Pregnancy was terminated in all cases (115) with exencephaly, gastroschisis, exomphalos, meningoceles/encephaloceles, alobar holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly,abnormalities of extremities, acrania, amniotic band syndrome and conjoined twins, and the defects were verified by the gross appearance of fetuses. Two cases of megacystis were turned out to be normal during follow-up while 1 case was proved to be aneuploid and 1 other case progressed to multiple abnormalities during the second trimester. Most choroid plexus cysts, except 1 case of aneuploid, were normal during the second and the third trimester follow-ups by ultrasound. Thirteen cases of fetal hydrops were found to be aneuploids and 4 hydrops cases were proved to be complicated with other structural defects during the second and the third trimester. NT was increased in 422 cases (1.41%), among which 122 cases (28.91%) were complicated with structural defects and/or fetal hydrops. Ninty-nine cases with increased NT underwent chromosomal examination and 38 cases were found to be aneuploides. During the follow-up of 298 cases with increased NT who continued pregnancy, 21 structural abnormalities were found, including cardiac defects (14 cases), neural abnormalities (4 cases) and diaphragmatic hernia (3 cases). Conclusion The standardized fetal ultrasound in the first trimester is a effective tool for the screening of aneupolides and major structural abnormalities.

AIM: To study influence of ischemia-reperfusion(IR) on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related genes Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of sinoatrial node(SAN) cells in rabbits in vivo. METHODS:Ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group, ischemia groups (I 10 min , I 30 min , I 60 min and I 120 min ) and IR groups (I 10 min R 4h , I 30 min R 4h , I 60 min R 4h and I 120 min R 4h ). IR injury model of SAN was established by occluding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery. The apoptosis of SAN cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of Fas-L, Bax and Bcl-2 of SAN cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:①No obvious apoptosis of SAN cells was observed in control group, I 10 min and I 30 min groups. Apoptosis of different degrees in SAN cells were found in 68.3%(41/60) rabbits in I 60 min , I 120 min and 4 subgroups of IR. ②The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I 120 min group and that of Bcl-2 was in I 60 min group. ③The highest expression of Fas-L and Bax was observed in I 60 min R 4h group. The peak level of Bcl-2 was observed in I 30 min R 4h group. ④The expression of Fas-L and Bax was significant higher in IR group than that in ischemic group at the same time point. CONCLUSION:Ischemia and IR induced apoptosis of SAN cells in rabbit in vivo . Fas-L、Bax、Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation of apoptosis and the injury during IR aggravates the apoptosis of SAN cells.

ObjectiveTo study information transmission circumstances within the neural circuits related to the attentional controls of the mate depression patients.MethodsTwelve unipolar depression patients and twelve age- and education- matched healthy controls were involved in the Stroop word-color interference test to detect the variation of brain inhibitory function by Magnetoencephalography scanning.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls,the abnormally activities in depressed patients during in chronological order were separately as follow:decreased activation in the left postcentral gyrus ( t =3.10 ),the right superior frontal gyrus ( t =2.16 ),the left middle frontal gyrus (t=2.64),the left parietal lobe (t=2.89),the right middle temporal grus( t=1.92),the right superior temporal gyrus(t=2.84),the right insula(t=3.03),the right precuneus(t=2.98),the bilateral middle frontal gyros ( t =3.64,t =2.25 ),the right postcentral gyrus ( t =2.20),the right cingulate gyrus ( t =4.04 ),the bilateral precuneus ( t =2.79,t =1.87 ) ;increased activation in the left caudate body ( t =1.91 ),the left pulvinar ( t =2.56),the left middle temporal gyrus( t =1.89),the left precentral gyrus( t =2.02) (P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected).ConclusionThe abnormal activation in the brain regions related with attentional control processing is detected in the male recurrent unipolar recurrent major depression,performances of limbic system increased and.cortex declined more in the recurrent depressed.

Objective To investigate the white matter microstructural changes of cingulation and congni-tive function impairment in patient with major depression. Methods 25 middle-aged first episode patients and 24 nondepressed comparison participants were enrolled,and all the subjects scanned by diffusion tensor imaging and tested by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation analysis was done respectively for both two groups with FA and WCST items. Results Male patients with depression decreased FA in the middle frontal lobe ( - 29 24 32,16 voxels),the left superior temporal lobe (-36 -34 16,11 voxels),the sub-gyral of temporal lobe ( -45 1 - 15/ - 47 - 6 - 9; 16/10 voxels) and the right lobe of cingulate (18 - 2 29,22 voxels). And the female patients with depression shows reduced FA in the inferior frontal lobe ( -42 23 4/45 24 6; 15/21 voxels) ,the left precentral gy-rus (39 -44 -15,17 voxels) ,the right medial frontal gyrus (6 16 -18; 10 voxels) ,the left superior temporal lobe ( -55 -31 15; 89 voxels) ,the sub-gyral of temporal lobe ( -38 - 12 - 19;12 voxels) and the right anterior cingulate gyrus (71 26 -9; 15 voxels) (P<0.001 ,cluster > 10 voxels). The Regions of interests analyze with cingulate only found reduced FA in the right lobe of female group(0.26 ±0.05,0.33 ±0.08; P=0.03). Correlation were found between the right anterior cingulate and Rpe (r= -0.49, P = 0. 03) ,the right middle cingulate and Rpe (r= -0.56, P = 0. 01) in depressed patients. No significant association were found in healthy control group(P> 0.05). Conclusion Cingulate white matter fiber is abnormal in first episode depression and these abnormalities may be one of the pathophysiology of major depression.

Objective To examine the white matter micro structural changes of hippocampus in the mid-die-aged major depression, and hypothesis that the hippocampal neurogenesis during the effective antidepressants can be found by diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) technology. Methods Middle-aged patients with major depression were enrolled, twenty patients received open but controlled with SSRIs for 10 weeks,twenty age, gender, education-matched healthy controls were involved as control group. All the subjects were scanned by DTI,using both whole-brain,voxel-based analysis(VBA) and Regions of interests (ROIs) methods to analyze the data. Results The VBA analysis found the post treatment patients made significant improvement in the fight inferior frontal lobe, left cingulate gyms of iimbic lobe and the right sub-gyral of occipital,but no significant difference in the hippocampus were found between any groups (all P<0.01, cluster>20). For the hippocampal relative FA of ROIs analysis,there were no significant difference between the patients before and after treatment, even no difference between the prior-treatment patients and healthy control,the remitted patients and the healthy controls(P<0.05). Conclusions Micro structural white matter changes in the frontal gyms, temporal and cingulated gyms are associated with mid-die-aged depression,no changes were found in the hippocampus. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the hippocampal neurogenesis can be found by DTI technology.

Objective To discuss the application of implantation temporary cardiac pacing by balloon-tipped floating catheter for peroperative period patients. Method Thirty-three patients with severe bradyarrhythmia were received the balloon-tipped floating catheter to RV by Seldinger puncture technique.Meantime, the pacing signals of ECG were observed. The threshold and QRS waves to ensure the electrode position were determined. Result All of 33 cases were successfully punctured and 32 cases get paced, except 1 case had the electro - mechanical dissociation (EMD). Pacing threshold was less than 0. 9V, and mean remaining time was 12.47 ～ 161 (67. 05 ±34. 48) hours. Apical pacing was operated in 23 patients,and right ventricular outflow tract pacing in 10 patients. No severe complications were occurred. Conclusion The implantation method of temporary cardiac pacing by balloon-tipped floating catheter was convenient and safe. It could help the patients get safety in anesthesia and peroperative period.