Objective To examine the white matter micro structural changes of hippocampus in the mid-die-aged major depression, and hypothesis that the hippocampal neurogenesis during the effective antidepressants can be found by diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) technology. Methods Middle-aged patients with major depression were enrolled, twenty patients received open but controlled with SSRIs for 10 weeks,twenty age, gender, education-matched healthy controls were involved as control group. All the subjects were scanned by DTI,using both whole-brain,voxel-based analysis(VBA) and Regions of interests (ROIs) methods to analyze the data. Results The VBA analysis found the post treatment patients made significant improvement in the fight inferior frontal lobe, left cingulate gyms of iimbic lobe and the right sub-gyral of occipital,but no significant difference in the hippocampus were found between any groups (all P<0.01, cluster>20). For the hippocampal relative FA of ROIs analysis,there were no significant difference between the patients before and after treatment, even no difference between the prior-treatment patients and healthy control,the remitted patients and the healthy controls(P<0.05). Conclusions Micro structural white matter changes in the frontal gyms, temporal and cingulated gyms are associated with mid-die-aged depression,no changes were found in the hippocampus. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the hippocampal neurogenesis can be found by DTI technology.

Objective To investigate the relativity of the lupus anticoagulant(LAC), anticadiolipin antibody(aCL) - IgG,aCL-IgM,aCL-IgA levels and clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to determine the significance of the LAC level in the prognosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by detecting the LAC and aCL-IgG, IgM,IgA levels in 310 children with SLE and 249 children with ITP. Methods Kadin-cephalin clotting time(KCCT) and correcting test to detect the plasma LAC level and to the serum aCL- IgG, IgM, IgA levels with enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay. Results In SLE group, there were 66.1% patients with higher LAC among whom 45.9% patients suffered from lupus nephritis , aCL subantibody level elevated in 46.8% patients (90.2% IgG and/or IgM) serum; 46.9% and 11.7% patients suffered from central nervous system diseases and blood diseases with SLE respectively. In ITP group, 36.2% patients with LAC positive were diagnosed as SLE by detecting the serum antinuclear antibody level, and 7.6% suffered from SLE subsequently in the period of 2 months to 2.4 years. Conclusions The LAC and aCL subantibody levels may have an important relativity with the clinical symptoms of SLE. The LAC is the predominant pathologic autoantibody in patients with lupus nephritis, and the aCL subantibody( IgM, IgG) levels were related to lupus thromboangiitis. The IAC level of children with ITP should be monitored in order to determine the prognosis of the disease as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the value of 1H-MRS on the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation in an APP-PS1 double transgenic (tg) AD mouse model.Methods NSCs from C57BL/6 mice were cultured and amplified.APP-PS1 tg mice (n =30) aged 12 months were used as the study group,and mild-type mice (n =15) were used as the control group.Animals in the study group were randomized into two subgroups,the AD mice in one subgroup received NSCs transplantation (NSCs group) and in another subgroup received phosphate buffer saline (PBS,PBS group)in bilateral hippocampal CA1.Animals in the control group were not treated.Using a 7.0 T high-fieldstrength MR imager,1H-MRS was performed before and 6 weeks after transplantation to measure the area under the peak of n-acetyl aspartate (NAA),glutamate (Glu),myo-inositol ( mI),choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr) in the hippocampal area,NAA/Cr,Glu/Cr,mI/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio were calculated and compared with histopathological results (including Nissl's staining and electron microscope examination).Comparisons among NSCs,PBS and control groups were conducted by one-way ANOVA.Results NSCs from C57BL/6 mice were cultured successfully. Before transplantation,the mean NAA/Cr,Glu/Cr and mI/Cr in NSCs,PBS and control groups were 0.89 ± 0.05,0.88 ± 0.04 and 1.15 ± 0.05,0.40 ± 0.03,0.39 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.05,0.67 ± 0.05,0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.52 ± 0.04,respectively,and differences were statistically significant (F =148.918,7.529,59.468,P ＜ 0.01 ). There were no significant differences in NAA/Cr,mI/Cr and Glu/Cr ratios between NSCs and PBS groups before transplantation (t =0.147,0.096,0.207,P ＞ 0.05 ),but the differences were significant compared with the control group (t =0.255,0.467,0.171 and t =0.269,0.527,0.151,P ＜0.05).Six weeks after transplantation,the mean NAA/Cr,Glu/Cr and mI/Cr in three groups were 1.13 ±0.07,0.86 ±0.05 and 1.14 ±0.05,0.45 ± 0.04,0.38 ± 0.02 and 0.44 ± 0.03,0.58 ± 0.04,0.67 ± 0.04 and 0.53 ± 0.04,respectively,and differences were statistically significant ( F =112.092,23.076,44.367,P ＜ 0.01 ).NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr ratios were increased and mI/Cr was decreased in NSCs group,and the difference was significant compared with PBS group at the same time point ( t =0.271,0.071,0.089,P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences in NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr ( t =0.013,0.012,P ＞ 0.05 ),but there was a significant difference in mI/Cr between NSCs and control groups ( t =0.046,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in Cho before and after transplantation among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Nissl's staining showed that the number of neurons in the hippocampal area increased more significantly in tg mice receiving NSCs than that without receiving NSCs.Electron microscopy showed that most hippocampal NSCs in NSCs group were morphologically normal with abundant organelles,while hippocampal NSCs in PBS group were swollen with sparse synapses.Conclusion 1H-MRS is able to display intracranial metabolite changes before and after NSCs in APP-PS1 double transgenic AD mice and has an applicable value in evaluating the therapeutic effect of NSCs on AD.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of human urate transporter 1 ( hURAT1 ) gene promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) with primary hyperuricemia ( HUA ) in Chinese Han people.MethodsA total of 215 patients with HUA and 323 healthy subjects were chosen to be investigated of SNP of hURAT1 promoter by PCR and sequencing.ResultsFive SNPs were identified,including-454A/T,-434T/C,-382C/T,-87C/T,and + 118G/A.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium analysis displayed a high linkage disequilibrium between the five SNPs ( r2 =0.99).In HUA group,the heterozygous genotypos ( AT,CT,CT,CT,AG ) frequencies were significantly lower than those in control group ( P＜0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that the heterozygosis genotypes ( AT,CT,CT,CT,AG) were protective factors of HUA ( OR 0.68-0.75 ).The minor allele ( T,C,T,T,A ) frequencies for both SNPs were significantly different between two groups ( P =0.022,P =0.038 ).ConclusionThese findings indicate that -454A/T,-434T/C,-382C/T,-87C/T,and + 118G/A SNPs of hURAT1 gene promoter area are associated with HUA in Chinese Han population.

Objective To label neural stem cells (NSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIO) and to explore the tropism of NSCs after transplantation into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 AD mice by MRI.Methods NSCs from C57BL/6 mouse were cultured and identified.Feridex and Poly-L-Lysine were added into the medium to be co-cultured to make magnetic labeled NSCs and transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the iron particles in NSCs.Transgenic (tg) and wild-type (wt) mice at 12 months of age were divided into three groups: SPIOs labeled NSCs group (A and C),unlabeled NSCs group(B).Feridex-labeled NSCs were migrated into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 AD mice to monitor in vivo by MRI.After 1,2,4 and 6 weeks,the mice were sacrificed and their brain tissues were sectioned to investigate the migration of SPIO labeled NSCs and compared with MRI.Results NSCs of C57BL/6 mice were cultured successfully.Transmission electron microscope showed visible iron granules in cytoplasm.MRI detection of labeled cells: T2WI and T2* WI showed remarkable low signal intensity at the hippocampus injection points 1 week after transplantation,particularly on T2* WI.Area of low signal intensity enlarged increasingly along the injection points after 2 weeks.At 4 weeks,area of low signal intensity spread throughout the hippocampus,but intensity shadowed Six weeks later,low signal intensity almost disappeared.There was no obvious low signal change in unlabeled cell transplantation group.For wt mice,size and location of low signal did not appear obvious change at all designated time points.Prussian blue positive cells were observed in the hippocampus,indicating that NSCs labeled with SPIO could survive,migrate and differentiate in the brain of the APP/PS1 AD mice.Changes of pathology were well correlated with the area where a signal intensity loss was observed in MRI 1,2,4 and 6 weeks after transplantation Conclusions Diffuse migration of transplanted NSCs labeled with SPIO is observed in the hippocampus in APP/PS1 tg mice,and MRI technique is an ideal method for tracking labeled stem cells after grafting in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-time effect on allitridum and selenium in preventing cancer of digestive system.

METHODSPersons who were recruited into the intervention group and took allitridum and selenium to prevent gastric cancer in Qixia county of China from 1989-1991 were followed up to 2001 and data of deaths was collected. The long effect on allitridum and selenium in preventing cancer of digestive system was analysed.

RESULTSData were compared to placebo group five years (1992-1996) after the termination of intervention to have found that the accumulative mortality rate of all cancer, digestive system cancer and gastric cancer had decreased 45.5%, 41.2% and 63.3% in the intervention group respectively. By stratum analysis, accumulative mortality rate of all cancer, digestive system cancer and gastric cancer had decreased 51.5%, 51.5% and 67.7% in males of the intervention group, respectively. Relative risks for males in the intervention group were 0.48, 0.47 and 0.30 times more than the placebo group, respectively. All of them were statistically significant. Relative risks for females in the intervention group were 0.74, 0.92 and 0.70 times more than placebo group. Six to ten years later after the termination of intervention, the accumulative mortality rate and relative risk of all cancers in two groups became similar.

CONCLUSIONAllitridum and selenium had the effect of decreasing the incidence risk of digestive cancer with a protective rate more than 50% for five years after the termination of intervention program.

Adult ; Aged ; Allyl Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Selenium ; therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Sulfides ; therapeutic use

Objective To discuss the risk and strategy of dental implantation in patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed of dental implantation results in 248 patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes from 2000 to 2008.The survival rate was evaluated and the data statistically analyzed.Results The Nobel implant system and CDIC implant system were used.The operation applied flapless and bone expanding techniques.A total of 1190 implants were inserted (333 Nobel Replace implants and 857 CDIC implants).0.5％ (6 implants) lost during the first 6 months healing stage.The l-year,5-year and 8-year survival rate were 98.4％ (1165/1184),95.3％(487/511)and 89.2％(91/102) respectively.Conclusions The patients with periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes are suitable for implant treatment with satisfactory results under the conditions that the indication and risk factors are evaluated and controlled strictly.

OBJECTIVETo explore the tumor growth inhibition of gamma secretase inhibitor MRK003 on human multiple myeloma xenograft mice by inhibition of AKT and Notch1 expression.

METHODSNOD/SCID mice were injected with human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI8226 to establish a xenograft mouse model. Mice were randomized into two groups：the experimental group were injected with MRK003 at a dose of 5 mg× kg⁻¹×d⁻¹ for 14 days; the inhibitor was replaced by an equal saline in the control group. Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the next day after the last injection and tumor tissue was removed to detect the expression of Notch1 and AKT by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAfter subcutaneous injection with RPMI8226, mice had tumor formation in 5-7 days and the largest tumor block in 10-12 days. Before RPMI8226 injection, the mean sizes of tumor block in the experimental and the control groups were 509.2 mm³, 511.2 mm³(P>0.05). 9 days after injection, the mean sizes of tumor tissue in the experimental and the control groups were 636.6 mm³, 691.2 mm³(P<0.01). On the next day after the last injection, the tumor sizes of the experimental and the control groups were 683.5 mm³ and 1798.7 mm³(P<0.01). The size of tumor block in the experimental group was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the positive expression rates of Notch1(11.1%, P<0.01) and AKT(13.3%, P<0.01) in experimental group were significantly decreased compared with the control group(Notch1: 95.6%; AKT: 93.3%). Western blot results showed that Notch1 and AKT protein in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONMRK003 could inhibit the tumor growth of human multiple myeloma xenograft mice by downregulated expression of Notch1 signaling pathway.

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclic S-Oxides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Thiadiazoles ; pharmacology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo study the allele genetic polymorphism of five short tandem repeat (STR) loci on X-chromosome in Ewenke population of north China and to provide basic data for forensic identification.

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from EDTA-whole blood of Ewenke population by Chelex-100. The DNA samples were amplified by PCR and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. The sequence length variations of DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS101, HPRTB, and DXS6789 loci on X-chromosome in 98 unrelated Ewenke individuals were investigated.

RESULTSAll five loci analyzed showed high polymorphism and genetic stability. The data of the five X-chromosome STR loci in Ewenke ethnic group of China was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by Chi-square test.

CONCLUSIONAllele polymorphism of five X-chromosome STR loci can be used as a genetic marker for forensic identification and population genetic research.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVEDevelopment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not only associated with single loci of HLA gene, but also possibly related to certain haplotypes and genotypes of MHC. In the present study the authors explored association of HLA-A, B, DR haplotype and genotype with SLE in Chinese children, analyzed a large family with multiple SLE patients and genetic origin of SLE patients with HLA-DRB1 * 15, to discover the influence of linkage disequilibrium of HLA gene on SLE.

METHODSHLA-A, B, DR alleles were tested in 53 patients with SLE and 40 cases with their parents, 35 patients with SLE and HLA-DRB * 15 positive and 27 cases with their parents, a large family with SLE (18 members of three generations) and also 78 normal controls and 43 cases with their parents by microlymphocytotoxicity test and polymerase chain reaction - sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). HLA-A, B, DR haplotype and genotype of SLE patients and controls were statistically calculated. The SLE patients with HLA-DRB1 * 15 and controls were analyzed for either the gene originated from the paternal or the maternal side.

RESULTSThe variety of the haplotype in patient group (64/80) was less than that in control group (74/86). Only 9 haplotypes were found common between the patient group and control group. The frequency of the haplotype HLA-A9B40DRB1 * 15 was significantly higher in patient group than that in control group (P < 0.05), RR was 10.726 0. Five members of the large family had haplotype A9B40DRB1 * 15, 2 of them were patients with SLE, 1 of them was positive for ANA and had Raynaud's phenomenon and 2 of them were normal. The rest of the family members were normal. The frequency of genotypes DRB1 * 09/DRB1 * 15 and DRB1 * 03/DRB1 * 15 in SLE group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), RR was 7.772 7 and 14.272 7, respectively. The number of SLE children with gene HLA-DRB1 * 15 derived from their fathers was significantly higher than that of the children with the gene derived from the mothers.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggested that haplotype HLA-A9B40DRB1 * 15 and genotypes HLA-DRB1 * 09/DRB1 * 15, HLA-DRB1 * 03/DRB1 * 15 were correlated with SLE. The predisposition of multiple loci seems to have an additive effect. The children with their gene HLA-DRB1 * 15 derived from their fathers might more easily suffer from SLE than those with the gene derived from their mothers, the underlying mechanism needs further studies.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction