AIM:To discuss the related factors that affected the stability of posterior corneal surface after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK) .
METHODS:About 64 patients (64 eyes) were enrolled. The correlation among the changes in posterior corneal surface 6 month after LASIK, surgery method, corneal flap thickness ( FT ) , ablation thickness ( AT ) , postoperative residual corneal stroma thickness ( RCST ) , preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( CT ) , flap thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( FT/CT ) , ablation thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( AT/CT) , postoperative residual corneal stroma thickness/preoperative thinnest corneal thickness ( RCST/CT) , anterior and posterior preoperative corneal height, the difference of the forward shift in posterior corneal surface ( diff value ) of preoperative and preoperative intraocular pressure were analyzed.
RESULTS: The changes of diff value between preoperative and postoperative were related with diopter (r=0.419, P=0.014), AT (r=0.394, P=0.023), AT/CT (r=0.501, P=0.004), Diff value of preoperative (r=0.501, P=0. 004), RCST (r=-0. 385, P=0. 033) and RCST/CT (r=-0. 401, P=0. 025). The changes of height value from posterior corneal surface between preoperative and postoperative were related with diopter (r=0. 520, P=0. 002), AT (r=0.504, P=0. 003), AT/CT (r=0. 442, P=0. 013), Diff value of preoperative (r=0. 624, P=0. 000) and RCST/CT (r=-0. 394, P=0. 028).
CONCLUSION: AT, RCST, AT/CT, RCST/CT and diff value of preoperative should be the key index that predicted the stability of posterior corneal surface after LASIK,the further research will give the range of safety value.

0.05). The valve competence recovery rate in severe PDVI group was significantly lower than that of the mild and moderate PDVI groups (both P

ObjectiveTo explore the association of smoking to the Aspirin and Clopidogrel antiplatelet in patients with stable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods241 smoking patients and 252 non-smoking patients underwent PCI for stable coronary artery disease, all patients had taken aspirin 100 mg/d for 7 d or more. The arachidonic acid (AA)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation were tested as they got in hospital. Then, they accepted Clopidogrel 300 mg as loading dose, continued with 75 mg/d for 3 d. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation were re-tested. ResultsThe incidence of aspirin resistance (AR) and aspirin semiresponder (ASR) was 19.1% in all the cases, and was 25.5% in smoking group, 14.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.027). Age (OR=3.79，95%CI: 1.77～8.12) and smoking (OR=1.98，95%CI: 1.18～4.43) were the independent risk factors of AR and ASR. The incidence of Clopidogrel resistance was 19.5% in all the cases, and was 13.2% in smoking group, 24.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.03). Smoking (OR=0.22，95%CI: 0.09～0.54) may reduce the risk of Clopidogrel resistance. ConclusionSmoking increased the risk of AR and ASR, but reduced the risk of Clopidogrel resistance.

Paraffin Embedding ; methods ; Tissue Array Analysis ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of different drying methods on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and thus provide useful reference for its proper drying methods.

METHODSchisandrae Chinensis Fructus was processed by eight drying methods including vacuum freeze drying, natural drying in the shade, drying in the sun, oven drying and vacuum drying under different temperature. The contents of the functional ingredients includes chisandrin, gomisin D, gomisin J, schisandrol B, angeloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin G, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, 5-HMF, total aids and total sugars. The main components change after drying were analyzed by HPLC, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus.

RESULTAll these results are in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010, the contents of schisandrin and total eleven lignans were the highest using vacuum drying, and 5-HMF were the lower, oven drying made little difference but with lower schisandrin and higher 5-HMF as the heat increased.

CONCLUSIONDifferent drying methods have significant influence on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Oven drying under 5°C should be adopted to substitute drying in the sun according to the China Pharmacopoeia published in 2010 for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus by comprehensive analysis of the cost, content and practicality.

Objective To explore the dynamic expressions of interleukin-1 (IL-1)receptor associated kinase (IRAK)-M and IRAK-4 in rats with or without endotoxin tolerance (ETT)in acute liver failure (ALF).Methods Sixty-six male SD rats were divided into three groups:ALF group,ETT group and control group.The rats in ETT group received daily lipopolysaccharide (LPS)intraperitoneal injection for 5 days,while the rats in ALF group received daily injection with same volume of 0.75% NaCl solution.Both ETT group and ALF group received intraperitoneal injection with D-galactosamine (D-GalN)and LPS at 24 hours after the 5th injection of LPS or NaCl solution.At 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after D-GalN and LPS injection,the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The liver pathologic changes were observed with HE staining by microscope.The mRNA expressions of IRAK-4,IRAK-M and NF-κB (p65)were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The pairwise comparison between groups was done by lease significant difference (LSD)and Dunnet's t test.Results The liver pathologic changes in ETT group were much milder than those of ALF group.In ALF group,IRAK-4 mRNA/β-actin absorbance ratios at 2,6,12,24and 48 h after D-GalN and LPS challenge were 0.711 ±0.074,0.904±0.118,1.012 ±0.098,1.534±0.279 and 1.451±0.290,respectively,while the IRAK-M mRNA/β-actin absorbance ratios were 0.496±0.018,0.516±0.089,0.503±0.023,0.503±0.057 and 0.469±0.142,respectively.In ETT group,the IRAK-4 mRNA/β-actin absorbance ratios at 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after D-GalN and LPS challenge were 0.619±0.083,0.587±0.033,0.623±0.034,0.720±0.044 and 0.654±0.041,respectively,while the IRA'K-M mRNA/β-actin absorbance ratios were 0.929 ± 0.064,1.111±0.138,1.113±0.027,1.891±0.315 and 1.710±0.303,respectively.The IRAK-M mRNA expression level was significantly increased and IRAK-4 mRNA expression level was relatively decreased in ETT group compared to ALF group.The differences were all statistically significant at 2,6,12,24 and 48 h after D-GalN and LPS challenge (F= 17.305,54.921,121.031,67.607,55.279,respectively; F=19.506,43.777,110.823,302.681,202.822,respectively; F=172.003,59.519,987.055,68.463,96.601,respectively; all P＜0.05).Conclusion LPS pretreatment may induce ETT in rat model by downregulating the expression of IRAK-4 and upregulating the expression of IRAK-M.

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging (IVIM-MRI)on monitoring impairment of renal function in hydronephrosis.Methods Left hydronephrosis model of Healthy New-Zealand rabbits made by ureteral incomplete obstruction were scanned by IVIM-MRI at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks.The change of IVIM-MRI quantitative parameters (ADC values, D values, D* values, and f values) in left hydronephrosis kidney were observed.The correlation between these parameters and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated.Results ADC values, D values, D* values and f values at cortex and medulla in left hydronephrosis model of rabbits decreased gradually in the progression of renal damage after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks.For D value, f value and ADC values, there was statistical significant difference among the group of 12 weeks, the group of 16 weeks, the control group, and the group of 4 weeks;statistical significant difference was also observed between the group of 8 weeks and the group of 16 weeks by LSD contrast.ADC values, D values, D* values, and f values were positively correlated to GFR at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks for left hydronephrosis model of rabbits.Conclusion IVIM-MRI could monitor impairment of renal function in hydronephrosis dynamically.

AIM To study the pharmacodynamics of Baijin Granules [Mallotus apelta (lour.) Muell.Arg.,Smilax china L.],Zhuang medicine,on model rats with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease.METHODS The rat model for sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease was built with mixed bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and mechanical injury.Subsequently,the rats were randomly divided into eight groups,including model,Baijin Granules low-,middle-,high-dose,positive control (dexamethasone and Huahong Granules),blank control and sham operation groups,with ten rats in each group.After 14 days of successive administration,the hemorheology and blood routine in rats' abdominal aorta were measured by collecting blood in 24 hours of last administration.The pathological morphology of uterine tissue was observed.RESULTS The hemorheology indexes,WBC count and neutrophil percentage were significantly decreased in the model rats,and the pathological morphology of uterine tissue was markedly improved.CONCLUSION Baijin Granules have good therapeutic effects on sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease in rats.

AIM: To investigate the changes of the redox status and the antioxidative capability in the tissue of malignant tumors. METHODS: The carcinoma tissues collected from 42 patients with primary cancer in digestive tract (13 cases of esophageal cancer, 14 cases of gastric cancer and 15 cases of colorectal cancer),the corresponding paratumor mucosa tissues were taken as the control samples. The content of oxidized and reduced glutathion (GSSG and GSH), oxidized and reduced coenzyme II (NADP+ and NADPH) were measured, the GSH/GSSG, NADPH/NADP+ ratios, and the GSH/GSSG, NADPH/NADP+ redox potentials were calculated according to Nernst formula. RESULTS: The levels of GSH and NADPH in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding paratumor tissues (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase in GSH and NADPH contents in cancer tissues indicates a notable enhancement of its antioxidative capability compared with the corresponding paratumor tissues. Based on this changes, the redox potential in the cancer tissues has only slightly reductive shift, which may suggest an apparent oxidative stress existed in the cancer tissues.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat for human health, the incidence of HCC in China accounts for more than 50% worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents for the treatment of HCC patients. Here we characterized the inhibitory effect and the molecular mechanism of protopine on HCC cancer cells. The results of a CCK-8 assay indicated that protopine displays anticancer activities on HCC cells. Flow cytometry and JC-1 staining confirmed that treatment with protopine decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that protopine was able to increase protein expression in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; the level of cytochrome C, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), Bax, cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved-PARP), cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-9 were increased while the expression of Bcl-2 was suppressed significantly. An in vivo study revealed that protopine significantly suppressed the growth of tumors in nude mice bearing HepG2 cells. Administration of protopine intraperitoneally at a concentration of 50 mg·kg^-1 inhibited tumor growth by 72.46%. Animal experiments were carried out according to the Regulation of the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University. This study provides preliminary evidence that there is potential to develop protopine as a lead compound for the treatment of HCC.