Objective Though X-ray measurement of metacarpal bones of right hand in children aged 7-12 in Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) endemic areas in Xinghai County,Qinghai Province,to provide scientific basis for KBD diagnosis and research on growth and development of children in KBD endemic areas.Methods In 2012,277 children aged 7-12 were carried out clinical examination and right hand X-ray photos in KBD endemic areas,Xinghai County,Qinghai Province.Metacarpal bones were measured by electronic digital vernier caliper,and the axis length and width of the metacarpal bones and its metacarpal bone index were calculated.All data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.Results The axis lengths of the metacarpal bones were in an order of 2.metacarpal ＞ 3.metacarpal ＞ 4.metacarpal ＞ 5.metacarpal ＞ 1.metacarpal in 6 different age groups and different genders; the width of 1.metacarpal bone was the widest; the width of 4.metacarpal bone was the smallest,and the rest of metacarpal bones were similar.The metacarpal bone indexes of female [(7.96 ± 0.76),(8.24 ± 0.92),(8.24 ± 0.71),(8.26 ± 0.92),(8.60 ± 1.02),(8.67 ± 0.84)mm] were higher than those of male's[(7.30 ± 0.78),(7.53 ± 0.77),(7.98 ± 0.90),(7.79 ± 0.56),(7.96 ± 0.64),(8.17 ± 0.92)mm,F =4.302,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The axis length,width and index of metacarpal bones of right hand in children between KBD endemic areas and no-KBD endemic areas are similar.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of progressive intracerebral hematoma (PIH) in severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) and provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of STBI.Methods The clinical information of 96 patients of STBI from March 2008 to March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,the risk factors of PIH were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Thirty-six patients occurred PIH,the incidence rate of PIH was 37.5％ (36/96).The univariate regression analysis showed that the age,admission GCS scores,injury to the first CT time,brain contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage,epidural hematoma,subdural hematoma had certain relation with PIH (P ＜ 0.01or ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,brain contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage,epidural hematoma,subdural hematoma were risk factors of PIH (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Conclusion Fully aware of the risk factors of PIH and timely intervention is the key to reduce the morbidity and mortality of STBI.

Objective By X-ray measurement of metacarpal and phalange bones in the right hand of adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai Province,to provide anatomic data and information for clinic diagnosis of the disease and application of hand surgery.Methods Fifty-four cases of adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease,who came from Guide County and Xinghai County in Hainan Prefecture,Qinghai Province,were selected as investigation subjects,then their right hand X-ray film were taken,metacarpal and phalange bones were measured by electronic digital vernier caliper.All data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0.Results The axis length of the metacarpal bones was in the order of:the 2nd metacarpal ＞ 3rd metacarpal ＞ 4th metacarpal ＞ 5th metacarpal ＞ first metacarpal.The axis length of proximal phalange bones was in the order of:the middle finger proximal ＞ ring finger proximal ＞ index finger proximal ＞ little finger proximal ＞ proximal thumb,while the middle,distal phalanx axis length varied greatly.The length of metacarpal and phalange bones of all male was longer than that of female(all P ＜ 0.01).The width of the metacarpal bones was in the order of:the 2nd metacarpal ＞ 3rd metacarpal ＞ 5th metacarpal ＞ 4th metacarpal.The width of the 2nd-5th metacarpal of male and female was (8.57 ± 0.90),(8.25 ± 0.80),(6.84 ± 0.69),(7.70 ± 0.77)mm and (7.40 ± 0.74),(7.36 ± 0.70),(6.00 ± 0.57),(6.62 ± 0.65)mm,respectively,the differences were significant(t =5.24,4.32,4.85,5.55,all P ＜ 0.01).The matacarpal bone index of female[(8.23 ± 0.90)mm] was significantly larger than that of male[(7.61 ± 0.76)mm,t =2.73,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion X-ray measurement of hand may provide reference information for diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease and determination of metacarpal and phalange length in hand surgery.

Objective By investigating newly diagnosed Kashin-beck disease,to understand distribution range,epidemic intensity and prevalence trend of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)in Xinghai County.Method According to monitoring method on national KBD,we carried on epidemical investigation,clinical examination and X-ray photograph on school children aged 7-13 years in 6 villages from 4 towns in Xinghai County,and hair,grain,water and soil were sampled to detect selenium content using naphthalene fluorescence.Resuit Three hundred and seventy.three school children aged 7-13 years underwent the clinical examination,the prevalence rate was 12.06%(45/373);347 school children were went on X-ray,the detection rate of X-ray was 21.61%(75/347).The selenium content was the lowest in Quanqu Village,Ziketan Town,which were(77.70±42.04),(7.44±6.93)μg/kg respectively;the selenium content Was highest in Cainaihai Village,Qushian Town,which were(103.88±58.57),(29.58±24.11)μg/kg respectively;level of in internal and external environment in 4 KBD region were all low.Conclusion These four region are new KBD region.The prevalence state of KBD is serious,pathogenetic factor of Kashin-Beck disease is very active.

Humans ; Mineral Fibers ; toxicity ; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms ; chemically induced

Objective To observe the effect which the skeletal muscle satellite cells were transplanted on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy so as to provide the experimental data for treating denervated muscle atrophy in vivo. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 200-250 g were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Each group included 16 rats, the animal model of denervated gastrocnemius muscles were formed by cutting the right sciatic nerve of rats caused nerve despair about 1 cm. Muscle satellite cells were obtained from the dorsal and lower exterenity muscle of SD rats. Before transplantation, muscle satellite cells being labeled with DAPI (4′-6-Diamidino-2-Phenylin Dole) in vitro. Muscle satellite cells and NS were implanted into denervated skeletal muscle from the two groups. Bilateral gastrocnemius muscles of each rat from the two groups were taken and weighed at second and eighth post-operative weeks respectively. The above muscles underwent anti-actin immunohistochemical and HE staining and muscle cross-sectional area of fiber and the actin content of the rats were measured by the image analysis, the data of which was handled with SPSS software. Results The satellite cells and myofiber with fluorescence were observed in transplantation site. The group of skeletal muscle satellite cells transplanted when two weeks and eight weeks denervated gastrocnemius muscle wet weight remnant rate and muscle cross-sectional areas of fiber remnant rate and muscle actin content were better than in the control group respectively(P

0.05). Conclusion\ The hemodynamic factors and the mean vascular wall shear stress were useful parameters for the evaluation of the effect of vascular repair. Periodical and continuous observations are helpful for predicting the outcome of vascular anastomosis repair.

Objective To investigate the longitudinal residue strain and stress-strain relation of normal human vascular system of the extremities and the relation between the different defect length and the option of repair, as well as a comparison of the different selection of the methods of repair judged from the longitudinal biomechanical effect. Methods A mechanical analysis including stretch experiment and longitudinal stretch ratio measurement were undertaken to evaluated the longitudinal residue strain and stress-strain relation of arteries and veins of the extremities in human. The results of different methods for repair of the defect of the same kind of vessels were compared with Student-t test. The length precinct to repair arterial injuries between end-to-end anastomoses and vein graft through 95％ distribution region was evaluated. Results The longitudinal stretch ratio of arterial system of the extremities decreased from the proximal to the distal ends of the vascular branches and the stress-strain relation curve of artery turned gradually to the right side, while that of veinous system exhibited a contrary picture. There was significant difference among the stretch ratio of artery and those of branchiocephalic vein or great saphenous vein (P

Objective To examine the current situation of smoke-free policies and the support for comprehensive smoke free policies in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Methods Data from Wave 1 of the ITC China Survey (April 2006-August 2008) were analyzed. The ITC China Survey employed a multistage sampling design across 6 cities: Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 4 815 smokers and 1 270 non-smokers across the 6 cities to examine their support for smoke free policies. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with support for comprehensive smoke free policies. Results None of the six cities had implemented comprehensive smoke free policies. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars was relatively lower compared to hospitals, schools, and public transport vehicles. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars were associated with knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke (for workplaces OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.08~1.49; for restaurants and bars OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.17~2.05). Conclusion More comprehensive smoke free policies are needed in the 6 cities. To improve support for comprehensive smoke free policies, public knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke needs to be strengthened.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Liver ; pathology ; Male