Based on the theory of Donabedian quality theory,namely structure-process-outcome theory,the evaluation and maintenance of nursing environment is analyzed.Through related websites,retrieval of patient safety case and literature and combined with the relationship with three layers,the high quality nursing environment and patient safety is analyzed,to study its localization and reference,and to put forward the corresponding suggestions in order to help ensure the safety of patients.

Objective: To search for a rapid and efficient method for the isolation of 3 kinds of isoflavone glucosides from the ethanol extract of Semen Sojae Praeparatum. Methods: The crude isoflavones were extracted by 75% aqueous ethanol after removing the oil by Soxhlet extraction. Then 1300 macroporous resin, water and different concentrations of aqueous ethanol (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, and 95%) were used to separate and elute the crude isoflavones. The fraction eluted by 40% aqueous ethanol was subjected to preparative HPLC analysis. The chromatographic conditions: A YWG C18 (10.0 mm × 200 mm, i. d. 10 μm) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid at volume ratio of 25: 75: 1 (V/V/V) and a flow rate of 3.0 ml/min; the injection volume was 750 μl; and the detection wave length was set at 260 nm. Results: Daidzin, glycitin and genistin were rapidly separated with the purities over 99% as determined by external standard HPLC. Conclusion: This technique is simple and suitable for the isolation of daidzin, glycitin and genistin from Semen Sojae Praeparatum.

Objective To investigate the influence of setting up of Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) on neonatal mortality rate(NMR) in local perinatal center. Methods (1) NMR and survival rate of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and triplet and quadruplet from 17283 newborns during Jan 1,1990 and Dec 31,1992 before NICU was set up (group A) were cmpared to that from 32 716 newborns during Jan 1,1993 and Dec, 31,2000, after NICU was set up(group B).(2) NMR and survival rate of VLBW infants in the process of NICU was developed was investigated. (3)NMR after the NICU was opened to the whole community. Results (1)NMR was 8.62 per 1000 in group A and 3.00 per 1000 in group B. Corrected Mortality Rates was 6.36 per 1000 and 1.74 per 1000 respectively (P

Objective:To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the differentiation of marrow stromal stem cells(MSCs)into neurons. Methods: Rat MSCs were expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for 5-7 passages and pretreated with ATRA for 24 h, then induced by modified neuronal medium (MNM) for 18 h. The control cells were directly cultured in MNM without ATRA pretreatment. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtuble-associated protein (MAP-2) in the experimental groups and the control cells. The change of cell proliferative cycles and the expression of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR?) were detected before and after ATRA treatment. Results: 1. The expression of nestin, NSE, NeuN and MAP-2 was much higher than that of the control group. 2. No changes were found in the cell proliferative cycles before and after ATRA treatment. 3. No expression of RAR? was found in MSCs; but positive expression of RAR? was detected afer 24 h of ATRA treatment and it was (20.3?4.2)%. Conclusion: ATRA can activate gene transcription via nuclear receptor RAR? and promote MSCs transdifferentiation into neurons.

Objective To evaluate the intestinal barrier function of the patients by two-sugar absorption test with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods Nineteen children with confirmed food hypersensitivity (FH) and 19 normal children were included in this study. The average age was (8.1?1.7) months. After 8-hour fasting, subjects drank test solution (5 g lactulose and 2 g mannitol per 100 ml) at the dose of 2 ml/kg. Five-hour urinary excretion ratio of lactulose/mannitol (L/M) were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The condition of HPLC was as follows: Sugar-PakI column with refractive index detector; Mobile phase: pure deionized water; Flow rate: 0.5 ml/min; temperature of column: 85 ℃. Results HPLC chromatogram of urine sample was stable. The retention time of mannitol and lactulose was 13.86 min and 9.27 min respectively. A significant rise in 5 h urinary L/M excretion ratios was found in children with FH (0.18?0.06) as compared to that of controls (0.05?0.03) (P

Objective:To study the effects of marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) on the hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in young rats. Methods:Six female rats were divided into two groups at random, three in MVAD group, three in control group. The rats were fed VA deficient diet (400IU VA/kg) and VA sufficient diet (6 500IU VA/kg) respectively since 3 w before coitus. Serum VA was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The young rats were killed at D49. The hippocampal CA1 LTP was detected by electrophysiological technique and the ultrastructure of synapses was observed by electron microscope. Results:The changes of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope (25.4%?2.01%) in MVAD young rats aged 7 weeks were much lower than that in control group (57.5%?8.63%). The changes of slope of fEPSP induced by MVAD in young rats could be replenished after adding retinoic acid (P0.05). The curvature in synaptic interface of MVAD group was less than that of the MVAD supplemented RA group and the control. Conclusion:MVAD during embryonic and early postnatal period can directly impair the hippocampal CA1 LTP of young rats.

Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal malnutrition on the expression of the insulin signal transduction proteins in the liver of perinatal rats.Methods:(1)The dams were semi-starvation from the first day during pregnancy to build the animal model of intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).On days 15,17,19,21(E15,E17,E19,E21)of gestation,the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section.The fetal rats,placenta,fetal liver and the fetal brain were weighed respectively.And the placenta weight to the body weight ratio(PWR),the liver weight to the body weight ratio(LWR),the brain weight to the body weight ratio(BWR)were calculated;The expressions of the hepatic insulin receptor(IR),insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1),insulin receptor subtrate-2(IRS-2),phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinse(PI3K)mRNA in the rats during perinatal period were detected by RT-PCR.Results:(1)The PWR of the IUGR fetus on E15 was lower than that in the control(P0.05).Conclusion:(1)In order to protect the development of brain,the fetus that suffered maternal malnutrition throughout the pregnancy had liver weight and body weight reduced much more than brain weight,which was known as "brain spare effects".(2)The expressions of hepatic IR mRNA and PI3K mRNA of the fetus were in normal ranges;But the expressions of the hepatic IRS-1 mRNA and IRS-2 mRNA of the IUGR fetus were decreased during the perinatal period.These may be related to the growth retardation and insulin resistance of the adult IUGR rats.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of the insulin receptor(IR),insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1),insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2),phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) of the livers of the male adult rats born with intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR),and to find out the relationship between IUGR and insulin resistance in their adult life.Methods:The foods were available ad libitum throughout the pregnancy to the control group and the rats in the experimental group were fed 50% of the control group to build the IUGR animal model.Liver samples were collected when the male offspring grew up to 12 weeks old.The mRNA expressions of hepatic IR,IRS-1,IRS-2,PI3K,and IGF-1 were detected by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of hepatic IR,IRS-1,and IRS-2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results:The mRNA expressions of hepatic IR in the adult male rats with IUGR were significantly lower than control group[(0.41?0.06) vs(0.62?0.11),P0.05] in both groups.The mRNA and protein expressions of the hepatic IRS-1[mRNA:(0.77?0.20) vs(1.32?0.42),P0.05].The expressions of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA of the rats with IUGR were significantly lower than those in control group [(0.55?0.12) vs(1.22?0.34),P

Objective: To study the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on brain development, learning and memory ability in young rats. Methods: A model of VAD in female rats and the offsprings were established. The growth and development, learning and memory ability, protein content, cell proliferative cycle of cortex and hippocampus, and hippocampus cell ultrastructure changes under electron microscopy of young rats were detected. Results: (1) The weights gain in VAD rats were decreased compared with the control. (2) The learning and memory scores in VAD rats was significantly lower than those of the control. (3) The protein content of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly lower than those of the control. (4) The cell proliferative index (PI) of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were higher than those of the control. (5) The synapses between hippocampus pyramidal cells and the small bubbles in synapses in VAD rats were significantly decreased compared with the control. The astrocytes of hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly increased. Degeneration was observed in many astrocytes in VAD rats. Conclusion: VAD can affect the brain development and the ability of learning and memory in young rats.

The concept of humanistic education is based on the concern of human beings and their abilities of development. Thus,it is an educational concept to optimize the teaching modules.It stresses the point that education must regard the develop- ment of human beings as the main line and human beings should be emphasized in education from the very beginning to the end. Case-Teaching Method which takes the students as the main part fully manifests the concept of humanistic education,in which all teaching activities and the processes closely revolve the students in order to train them to carry on their studies and to solve the problems independently.