OBJECTIVE:To clarify the current situation of technologies for preparation of nanomedicine.DATA SOURCES: A search of Elsevier database was performed using the key terms "nanomedicine, preparation,nanoparticle, ultrafine powder, microsphere, drug, controlled release" from January 2000 to September 2006. Meanwhile,we also searched the China Journal Full-text Database for the related articles published between January 2000 to September 2006 with the key words "nanomedicine, preparation, powder, microsphere, controlled release" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected primarily after their abstracts being read, and related articles accorded with the criteria were collected and read entirely.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 268 articles about nanomedcine were collected. Those repetitive or similar researches were excluded, and 38 articles met the research criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: Nanomedicine consists of macromolecular conjugates and particulate drug carriers. The materials are stable but also degradable and biocompatible. At present, many technologies have been used for preparing nanomedicine, such as, emulsion, microemulsion, ultrasonic solvent-nonsolvent, spay drying and high-pressure homogenization, and so on.CONCLUSION: The application of nanomedicine carrier and nanotechnology not only sheds a new light on the traditional drugs whose applications are strongly restricted by their poor solubility, high toxicity and poor stability, but also enhances their therapeutic efficiency with lower dosage through targeting effect.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general regularity and characteristics of drug-induced hemorrhage.METHEDS:1139cases of drug-induced hemorrhage reported in internal medical journals published from Jan.1995to Dec.2004were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs that induced hemorrhage were chiefly antimicrobial drugs,central nervous system drugs and hematopoietic system drugs;oral drugs were the chief means that lead to hemorrhage which amounted to63.92%of the total hemorrhage cases;the bleeding parts were mainly alimentary tract and intestinal tract;the bleeding time usually occurred within2min～1mo after medication.Systematic administration-induced hemorrhage usually occurred under the normal administration and dosage;however,wrong use of drugs,irrational drug uses etc.were accountable for the hem?orrhage in local application.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should give detailed guidance to patients on the drug use so as to avoid wrong or irrational drug use.

Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed on isolated rat DRG neurons to investigate the modulation of DA onGABA-activated membrane currents. It was found that majority of the examined neurons(40/47) were sensitive to GABA, 10-6～ 103mol/L GABA activated a dose-dependent inward current which had an obvious desensitization. In 26 of 40 neurons sensitiveto GABA DA induced a little outward current which had no desentization at all. Others showed no effect obviously. When theneurons were treated with DA 10-7～10-4 mol/L prior to the application of GABA for 30 s, 68% (27/40) GABA-activated mem-brane currents were inhibited, whereas DA10-5 inhibited markedly(33.3%) (x±s).

Abscess ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; surgery ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Spleen ; pathology ; surgery ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Child ; Coronary Aneurysm ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; Shock ; complications

Cervical Vertebrae ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective　To show the condition that the NOSIE (Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation) used in schizophrenia patients. Method　 To evaluate the male and female schizophrenia patients (paranoid type) by NOSIE. Results　 The total cases were 100 patients, male and female were both 50 cases. The result of evaluation showed that there was significant difference in 5 factors such as social competence, irritability, retardation, psychosis and depressive between male and female patients. As well, it matched with clinical information. The result of the consistency test for survey indicated that its Pearson coefficient of correlation for all of 7 factors in NOSIE were 0.617～0.843. Conclusion NOSICE can provided some objective data to clinical works of nurses. But, in other hand, its identity is lower.

The water extract frem the style of Zea mays L.showed a therapeutic effect on diabetes caused by alloxan, and obviously reduced blood glucose level of heperglycemia induced by glucose or epinephrine in mice, but no affect in normal mice, when it was administrated orally. In addition, it could decrease cholesterin content.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has a high incidence in orthopedics,researches about its etiology begins early.However,it is still unclear until now.Idiopathic scoliosis trends to a familial aggregation,and its inheritance is diverse,which suggests idiopathic scoliosis can be the result of the interaction of many factors and major genes.It is reported that the inheritance mode of idiopathic scoliosis includes autosomal dominant inheritance,X-linkage dominant inheritance and polygenic inheritance.With the consummate of genome genetic map and the development of genetic technology at recent years,scholars have gained much advancement through the researches in gene screening,candidate gene,gene mutation and animal model.Further study should focus on the accurate site of related genes.

Transpedicular screw and rod internal fixation system is the common implants in spinal surgery. Multi-slice spiral CT and magnetic resonance imaging can generate section image, become routine imaging modality in the assessment of the postoperative spinal patients. Magnetic resonance imaging can evaluate the bone marrow and soft tissue, which is the first choice for examination. However, to the patients with metal implants, the existed metal artifacts can decrease the imaging quality. Therefore, multi-slice spiral CT is an important evaluation method for inserted material, os integumentale and anatomy. This article reviewed the production mechanism of metal-related artifacts, influencing factors and decreasing technique.