Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

[Objective]To investigate etiopathogenisis,modus operandi and rehabilitation in treatment of bone nonunion and residual deformity (cubitus valgus) after humeral lateral condyle fractures in children. [Method]The author retrospective summarized a total of 27 patients diagnosed with humeral lateral condyle fracture follow with bone nonunion and/or cubitus valgus consecutive enrolled in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2001 to 2006,including 19 cases of male,8 cases of female,16 cases of right humeral lateral condyle fracture and 11 cases of left. The mean age at injured for all the patients (n =27) was 5.6 yr (range 3-10 yr).The mean age at suigical operation for all the patients (n =27) was 9 yr (range 5-14 yr).The average time from injury to operation was 2.8 yr (range 8mon-10 yr).There were three modus operations including direct normal position internal fixation of 7 cases,open reduction following os illium bone graft internal fixation of 11 cases,distant humerus varus wedge shape cut orthopaedic for 9 cases.[Result]Thirteen patients were followed up ranging from 6 month to 2 years,and 14 patients over 2 years. All the patients were achieved union for 8 to 16 weeks after surgery. Elbow deformity had been corrected and function of elbow joint had been recoverd satisfactorily. All of them,excellent rerult were found in 13 cases,good in 11 cases,and poor in 3 cases,the excellent and good rates was 88.9%. None of the cases happened with osteonecrosis,traumatic arthritis and myositis ossificans.[Conclusion]It is common that delay treatment of humeral lateral condyle fractures in children can result in bone nonunion and residual deformity (cubitus valgus) and it is difficult for treatment. Corresponding surgical treatment with different condition and early exercise can improve the appearance and function of elbow joint.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether oral statins can delay the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 50-69-year-old males who came for physical examination in our hospital between January 2003 and December 2008. We designed the inclusion criteria, followed them up for 5 years, and investigated the relationship of oral statins with the clinical progression of BPH and LUTS.

RESULTSTotally, 653 men met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study, of whom 283 were treated with oral statins (group 1) while the other 370 with none (group 2). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age and baseline IPSS, Qmax, and prostate volume (PV) (P > 0.05). During the follow-up, 24 cases in group 1 and 35 cases in group 2 were excluded for obvious dys-uria. A gradual increase was observed in IPSS in both groups 1 and 2 year by year from the baseline to the 5th year of follow-up, but significantly lower in the former group (4.27 +/- 1.16, 4.63 +/- 1.05, 5.27 +/- 0.96, 6.41 +/- 1.04, 7.21 +/- 1.21, and 7.93 +/-1.50) than in the latter (4.24 +/- 1.35, 5.26 +/- 1.23, 6.84 +/- 1.20, 8.75 +/- 1.84, 10.82 +/- 3.01, and 12.98 +/- 4.21) (P < 0.01); a gradual decrease was seen in Qmax, though markedly higher in group 1 ([26.56 +/- 2.09], [24.06 +/- 1.94], [21.33 +/- 1.66], [19.24 +/- 1.54], [17.44 +/- 1.53], and [16.27 +/- 1.37] ml/s) than in group 2 ([26.74 +/- 2.40], [23.62 +/- 2.01], [20.63 +/- 1.69], [17.72 +/- 1.48], [14.82 +/- 1.11], and [11.86 +/- 1.24] ml/s) (P < 0.01); and a gradual increase was found in PV, but remarkably smaller in the former group ([19.82 +/- 4.94], [22.60 +/- 4.99], [25.80 +/- 5.20], [27.92 +/- 5.05], [29.11 +/- 5.24], and [29.97 +/- 5.26] ml) than in the latter ([20.21 +/- 4.78], [24.30 +/- 4.98], [28.50 +/- 5.14], [32.84 +/- 4.77], [36.99 +/- 4.78], and [40.90 +/- 4.78] ml) (P < 0.01). Longer medication of statins was associated with better efficacy.

CONCLUSIONOral statins can significantly delay the clinical progression of BPH and LUTS.

Aged ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of simvastatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostatic epithelial RWPE-1 cells.

METHODSRWPE-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with simvastatin at 0, 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours followed by determination of their proliferation by MTT assay, and their apoptosis by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and Cx43 were detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 72 hours of treatment with simvastatin at 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L, the inhibition rates of the RWPE-1 cells were (21.07 ± 6.41)%, (34.87 ± 9.65)%, and (47.18 ± 10.88)%, respectively, significantly higher than (1.21 ± 0.54)% in the control group (P < 0.05) and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the cell apoptosis rates were (0.066 ± 0.016)%, (0.126 ± 0.023)%, and (0.192 ± 0.025)%, respectively, remarkably higher than (0.015 ± 0.005)% in the control (P < 0.05) and also in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05); the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 were decreasing while those of Bax and Cx43 increasing with the increased concentration of simvastatin (P < 0.05). The expression of Cx43 was correlated negatively with that of Bcl-2 but positively with that of Bax.

CONCLUSIONSimvastatin inhibits the proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and induce their apoptosis by acting on the gap junctional intercellular communication.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the application value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 186 patients who were diagnosed as colorectal cancer by 18F-FDG PET/CT. We classifed all cases according PET/CT imaging into position group and type group,and calculated SUV (maximum standard uptake value) of tumor tissue, and compared with normal tissue. Results There were 112 cases of rectal cancer,27 cases of carcinoma of sigmoid, 17 cases of carcinoma of cecum,16 cases of ascending colon carcinoma,14 cases of carcinoma of descending colon according to positions via PET/CT. There were 68 cases of protrude type,57 cases of ulcerative type,34 cases of infiltrating type,27 cases of colloid adenoma according types via PET/CT. The SUV of tumor tissue was higher than normal value,the difference had statistical significance. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT has high application value in colorectal cancer diagnosis, positions and types.

Objective To explore the optimal electrophysiologieal approach for detecting Riehe-Cannieu anastomosis(RCA),an anomalous anastomosis between the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the recurrent branch of the medial nerve in the palm of the hand,and to estimate its incidence. Methods One hundred subjects(56 male,44 female,mean age 37.8 years)without any hand motor or sensory dysfunction were selected randomly.The ulnar nerve was stimulated at both the elbow and wrist,and recordings were made from the abductor pollicis brevis,which is normally innervated by the medial nerve,to document any compound muscle action potentials(CMAP).CMAP recorded from both points during stimulation is an accepted indicator of RCA.Group A comprised 40 hands of 20 subjects,while group B included 160 hands of 80 subjects.Surface electrode stimulation was used in both groups.Surface and needle electrode recording was used in group A,while only needle electrode recording was used in group B.Results In group A,31 hands of 16 subjects were found to have RCA by means of surface electrode recording,but only 6 hands of 3 subjects were found to have RCA by means of concentric needle electrode recording.There was a difference of up t0 80.6% between results obtained by the 2 recording methods.In group B,35 hands of 20 subjects were found to have RCA.A total of 41 hands of 23 subjects among the 100 were found to have RCA when concentric needle electrode recording was used(20.5%incidence). Conclusion The type of recording electrode influences the accuracy of RCA examination.An accurate and reliable result can be obtained by using a concentric needle electrode.The abductor pollicis brevis can be anomalously innervated by the ulnar nerve because of RCA.When both the medial and ulnar nerve have been injured.RCA might result in anomalous clinical symptoms and electrophysiological findings.Thoroughly understanding this anomaly is of crucial importance in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of medial or ulnar nerve injury,as well as to avoid mistakenly interpreting the electrophysiological data when Riche-Cannieu anastomosis is present.

Objective To investigate whether and how CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells(Tr) affect oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL) induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.Methods Tr were isolated from lymphocyte suspensions by magnetic cell sorting-column and analyzed by flow cytometry.Macrophages were cultured alone,with CD4 + CD25 + Tr or CD4 + CD25 - Tr in the presence of oxLDL for 48 h.The phenotype of macrophages was determined by flow cytometry.NO production was assessed by Griess reaction an iNOS mRNA was isolated by RT-PCR.ELISA were used to measure the production of cytokine/chemokine like MCP-1,MMP-9,TNF-ct,TGF-β and IL-10 in macrophages response to oxLDL.Results Our data showed that with oxLDL challenge,the Tr modulated macrophages have decreased NO production and iNOS expression,decreased HLA-DR and CD86 expression,and down-regulated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production.Conclusion Tr can inhibit the proinflammatory properties of macrophages and steer macrophage differentiation toward an anti-inflammatory cytokine producing phenotype.

Objective To explore the effects of applying microsurgical technique in the one-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias with longitudinal preputial island flaps of dorsum penis. Methods Forty-two hypospadias cases with obvious phallocampsis were reviewed. The patients aged from 1 to 19 years (median, 6.4 years). Among them, 6 cases were of coronary suleus type, 28 cases of pe-nis body type, and 8 cases of penis and scrotum type. All patients went through the operative proce-dures by microscope with four-times magnification and microsurgical instruments. Longitudinal prepu-tial island flaps of dorsum penis was employed for the treatment of 33 cases of these patients, and 9 cases underwent longitudinal preputial island flaps of dorsum penis combined scrotal septal pedicle flaps. Results Thirty-eight cases were cured by one-time surgery (90.5%). One case with urethral fistula after operation was cured by surgical repair of urethral fistula. Two cases with urethral meatus stricture after operation and one with urethral stoma stricture were cured by dilatation. Patients were followed for 9 to 52 months (mean, 27 months). Conclusion Use of microsurgical technique with longitudinal preputial island flaps of dorsum penis in one-stage urethroplasty for hypospadias improved the success rate of surgery with few complications.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; analysis ; Chromium ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Workplace

Objective:To prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO) nanoparticles and to observe its acute toxicity on mice,so as to pave a way for further study on its long-term toxicity and on its role as a carrier in magnetic resonance gene imaging.Methods: The SPIO nanoparticle was obtained by means of co-precipitation,and its physical and chemical parameters were determined by transmission electron microscope,atomic force microscope,and 1.5 T super conduct MR,etc.According to the administration pathway and doses of SPIO,90 mice were divided into oral administration(with a total dose of 2 104.8 mg/kg and a volume of 40 ml/kg,n=30),intravenous injection(a total dose of 438.5 mg/kg and a volume of 25 ml/kg,n=30) and intraperitoneal injection(with a total dose 1 578.6 mg/kg and a volume of 30 ml/kg,n=30) groups.Another 10 mice in each group receiving the same dose of normal saline via the same pathway served as the controls(n=10).The general condition,the major serologic parameters,and the pathological changes of major organs were observed 14 d after administration in each group.Results: We have successfully prepared SPIO,and its core component was Fe3O4 crystal,with a size of 20-35 nm,a T2 relaxivity of 0.155?106 mol-1?sec-1,a specific saturated magnetization of 68.395 68 emu/g,and a retentivity of 21.463 74 Gs.There was no death of mice during the observation.There was no significant difference in serological parameters between mice of different groups and between each experiment group and their corresponding control group.No edema,degeneration and necrosis were seen in the liver,spleen,kidney,heart,and lungs by H-E staining and marrow by Wright staining;only a few blue particles were observed in the liver and spleen in the administration groups by Prussian blue staining,none observed in the control groups.Conclusion: SPIO prepared in the present study meets the requirement of MR imaging,with no acute toxicity to mice,and warrants further study for future MR gene imaging.