Objective To evaluate the cancer risk of benzene and formaldehyde in different indoor air environments in Guiyang city.Methods From 2004 to 2005,benzene and formaldehyde monitoring was conducted in bedrooms,living rooms, kitchens,offices,classrooms and outdoor environments in winter,spring and autumn,and human health risk assessment was done. Results The mean benzene and formaldehyde concentration in different environments were lower than the China indoor air quality standard except for formaldehyde concentration in offices.The benzene cancer risks of male and female adults were 1.63?10~4 and 1.40?10~(-4)respectively.The formaldehyde cancer risks of male and female adults were 6.05?10~(-4)and 5.23?10~(-4) respectively.The human formaldehyde cancer risk was higher than benzene cancer risk,and the risk for male was higher than that for female.Benzene and formaldehyde cancer risks of different population in different indoor environments were above 1.00?10~(-6), the acceptable level of human cancer risk.Conclusion The benzene and formaldehyde concentrations in different environment in Guiyang city has the high cancer risks to human health.

The aims of this paper were to define (1) criteria of cerebral palsy; (2) classification of cerebral palsy; (3) etiology, neuroimaging, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy; (4) different kinds of treatments of cerebral palsy. Data were drawn from an international survey of PUBMED (1994-2014) and CNKI (1994-2014). An expert panel used a consensus building technique. The10-point Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the trials based on the following items, including allocation sequence generation, randomization concealment, methods of blinding, and descriptions of withdrawals and dropouts. Our clinical experience was also summarized. Below is a summary. (1) Further work is warranted to reach agreement for the classification of cerebral palsy. (2) A worldwide prevalence of 1.5-4.0 per 1 000 live births, with an average lifetime cost of 1 million dollars per person in the United States, while it is 1.8-6.0 per 1000 live births in China. (3) Comparison of clinical efficacy of different treatments. In this review, the current advances in different kind of treatments of brain injury are discussed with specific relevance to cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Humans ; Prevalence ; United States

As is known, H-Y antigens (male specific minor histompatibility antigens) are a group of minor histocompatibility antigens encoded on the Y-chromosome with homologous H-X antigens on the X-chromosome. H-Y antigens were originally discovered as transplant antigens, and they are only expressed in male individuals without specificity for different tissues and organs. A lot of research results show that H-Y antigens play an important role in the sex selection and identification. The paper reviews the above and discusses the application prospect of H-Y antigen in forensic science.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) on autophagy and apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma, and to investigate the influence on the growth and sensitivity to cisplatin on the ovarian cancer cells.Methods The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 were treated by the GRP78 regulator BAPTA-AM and A23187, which were used to decrease or increase the expression levels of GRP78, respectively.The experiment were divided into three groups.Cells in the group of BAPTA-AM were treated by BAPTA-AM at the final concerntration of 40 μ mol/L for 1 hour.Cells in the group of A23187 were treated by A23187 at the final concerntration of 4 μmol/L for 24 hours.While, cells in the control group were treated by culture medium without any GRP78 regulator for 24 hours.The expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot.The autophagy levels was observed by green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (GFP-LC3-Ⅱ) fluorescence staining.The flow cytometry was used to analyse the apoptosis rates of cells.The effect on cell growth and the sensitivity to cisplatin of SKOV3 were accessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Results (1)The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were 0.583±0.025, 0.860± 0.055, 0.714±0.032 and 0.811±0.004, respectively.The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of A23187 were 0.840± 0.044, 0.654 ± 0.065, 0.908 ± 0.047 and 0.620 ± 0.062, respectively.The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the control group were 0.687± 0.032, 0.772 ±0.029, 0.845 ±0.018, 0.712 ± 0.077, respectively.While the protein expressions of GRP78, beclin 1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were 0.423±0.035, 0.952±0.022, 0.385±0.032, 0.681± 0.095, respectively.The protein expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of A23187 were 0.743 ±0.032, 0.638±0.025, 0.596±0.029, 0.431 ±0.095, respectively.The protein expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the control group were 0.617±0.031, 0.789±0.083, 0.492±0.036, 0.531 ± 0.003, respectively.The mRNA and protein expressions of beclin and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were both higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).While, the mRNA and protein expressions of beclin and CHOP in the group of A23187 were both lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05).(2) The autophagy fluorescence of SKOV3 in the group of BAPTA-AM, A23187 and the control group were 706±117, 473±128, 595± 126, respectively, in which there were significant differences among three groups (P＜0.05).(3) The apoptosis rate of SKOV3 in the group of BAPTA-AM was (27.4±2.2)％, which was higher than that in the control group [(19.6± 1.4)％, P＜0.05].The apoptosis rate of SKOV3 in the group of A23187 was (12.2± 1.9)％, which was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).(4) The comparison of the sensitivity to cisplatin in 3 groups of SKOV3.The 50％ inhibition concentration (IC50) of SKOV3 to cisplatin was (3.02±0.62) mg/L.After treated by BAPTA-AM + cisplatin, the IC50 was (2.00±0.17) mg/L and the sensitivity of SKOV3 to cisplatin was increased by 33.8％, and there was significant difference (P＜0.05), compared with the control group.And after treated by A23187 + cisplatin, the IC50 was (4.91±2.52) mg/L and the sensitivity of SKOV3 to cisplatin was decreasd by 62.6％;and there was significant difference (P＜0.05), compared with the control group.Conclusion GRP78 could regulate autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expressions of beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP, thereby affecting the sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma, which may be a new method for the treatment and improvement of the sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma.

0.05).After 3 months therapy:The TEF25%,VPEF/VE and TPEF/TE of control group were different from those of normal group statistically.4.After 1 year,the incidence of asthma of observe group was significantly lower than that of control group(P

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against interleukin (IL)-17-induced injury to keratinocytes,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Some cultured HaCaT cells were divided into 3 groups to be treated with IL-17 alone at concentrations of 50,70,90 μg/L,respectively,with those receiving no treatment as the blank control group.Some HaCaT cells were divided into 5 groups:IL-17 group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 alone,IL-17 + EGCG group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 and 60 μmol/L EGCG,IL-17 + SP600125 group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 and SP600125 (a JAK signaling pathway inhibitor),IL-17+ EGCG + anisomycin group treated with 90μg/L IL-17,60xmol/L EGCG and anisomycin (a Janus kinase signaling pathway activator),and blank control group receiving no treatment.After different durations of treatment,CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure expression levels of IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8,and Western-blot analysis to determine protein expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK).Results IL-17 promoted cellular proliferation of HaCaT cells,and the proliferation rate,which was correlated with the concentration of IL-17,reached the maximum in the 90-μg/L IL-17 group (P ＜ 0.05).EGCG at 60 μmol/L significantly inhibited cellular proliferation of,promoted apoptosis in,and reduced IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expressions in,HaCaT cells induced by 90 μg/L IL-17 (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the IL-17 group,the IL-17 + EGCG group and IL-17 + SP600125 group both showed significantly decreased P-JNK expression,cell proliferation rate and IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expression levels (all P ＜ 0.05).However,compared with the IL-17 + EGCG group,the IL-17 + EGCG + anisomycin group showed significantly increased protein expression of P-JNK,cell proliferation rate and IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expression levels (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EGCG protected against IL-17-induced injury to HaCaT cells,such as abnormal cell proliferation,apoptosis and inflammatory response,likely by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.

Molecular methods and fluoroscopic techniques suggest that rich microbial diversity exist in the marine environment, but less than 1% of these microbes can be cultured in the laboratory conditions, and that the cultivable dominant species were even less. This limitation has long been a barrier to the development of environmental microbiology and the utilization of marine resources. In the past decade, novel methods for culture and detection of these uncultured marine microbes have successfully applied to obtain several conventionally-uncultured microbes including those from extreme environments. Those progresses have inspired researchers greatly. Developments in the research of marine microbial resources are an important basis for the study of the micro-world and deserve increasing scientific attention.

ibits tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. Hence, N-acetylglucosamine may serve as a skin lightening agent in the future.

Objective To explore the effect of the unilateral lumbar anesthesia by hypobaric bupivacaine and general anesthe‐sia in elderly hip replacement and their influence on the stress response .Methods Forty elderly patients undergoing hip replace‐ment in our hospital from December 2013 to November 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the unilateral lumbar anesthe‐sia group and general anesthesia group according to the random number table ,20 cases in each group .Venous blood was collected to determine the levels of blood sugar ,serum catecholamine(CA) and cortisol(CORT ) at 10 min before anesthesia(T0 ) ,end of surgery (T1 ) and at postoperative 24 h(T2 ) .MAP ,HR ,SpO2 ,intraoperative adverse reactions and postoperative related complications were recorded at each time point ,and the comparative analysis was performed .Results All patients successfully completed surgery and the anesthetic effect was satisfied .The occurrence rates of intraoperative hypotension ,hypertension and bradycardia in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group ,the differences had statistical significances (P>0 .05) .HR and MAP at T1 in the two groups were reduced ,but the differences between the two groups were no statistical signifi‐cance(P>0 .05);the levels of GLU ,CORT and CA were increased ,moreover the differences between the two groups were statisti‐cally significant(P<0 .05) .SpO2 at T2 in the general anesthesia group was obviously lower than that in the unilateral lumbar anes‐thesia group ,while CORT was higher than that in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant(P<0 .05) .The occurrence rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting ,sore throat ,dizziness ,drowsiness and pulmonary infec‐tion in the unilateral lumbar anesthesia group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group ,the differences were statistical‐ly significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The unilateral lumbar anesthesia by using hypobaric bupivacaine and general anesthesia all could offer better anesthetic effect .The unilateral lumbar anesthesia by using hypobaric bupivacaine can effectively regulate the stress response in elderly patients with hip replacement .

Objective To construct a self-assessment system of patient safety by nurses.Methods Using self-designed questionnaires of self-assessment system of patient safety by nurses,29 nursing safety management experts were selected.Delphi method was adopted to carry out two rounds of interview.The self-assessment system of patient safety by nurses was built.The importance of the indicators went on weight analysis with specialist sorting.Results The system included 3 first-level indicators,9 secondlevel indicators,48 third-level indicators.The coefficient of variation of the indicators was ＜ 0.20,and the coordination coefficient was 0.25.Conclusions The initial construction of system of self-assessment patient safety by nurses has the advantages of focused expert advice,with scientific results,and is reliable.It can be used for nurses' self-assessment of the security situation in patients.