Apolipoprotein M-sphingosine-1-phosphate axis ( apoM-S1P axis ) signaling pathway consists of apolipoproteinM (apoM), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR).Plasma apoM belongs to lipocalinsuperfamily members , and is mainly associated to high density lipoprotein( HDL), whereas HDL-cholesterol correlates inversely with cardiovascular risk .The ability of apoM to bind S1P is due to a lipophilic binding pocket within the lipocalin structure of the apoM molecule . S1P, a bioactive mediator of phospholipid metabolism , predominantly abound in HDL among all lipoproteins.S1P can not only be used as intracellular second messengers , but also as intercellular signal molecules, activating of G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR) to mediate various physiological functions.It′s clear that apoM protects human beings from atherosclerosis .Furthermore, recent studies showed that S1P has a significant impact on atherosclerosis , and ApoM-S1P axis may play a important role in the pathogenesis or progression of atherosclerosis .

Objective To explore the relationship among professional commitment, learning burnout and academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. Methods 506 undergraduate nursing students were investigated with the three Questionnaires of college students: professional commitment questionnaire, learning burnout inventory and academic self-efficacy scale. Results The scores of affective commitment, ideal commitment, normative commitment and continued commitment of the undergraduate nursing students were (28.229 ± 5.327), (20.348 ±4. 507), (19. 405 ± 3. 730), (18. 148 ± 2. 954) and( 86. 130 ± 13. 421), respectively. And the scores of depression, misconduct, low sense of accomplishment, total bumrnut of the undergraduate nursing students were(21.733 ±5.338), (18.459 ±3. 918) , (17.083 ±3. 596)and(57. 275 ±9. 766) , respectively. As well as the scores of learning ability of self-efficacy, learning behavior of self-efficacy and total self-efficacy were(35.765 ±5.835), (35.247 ±4.840)and (71.012 ±9.659), respectively. The affective commitment,ideal commitment and normative commitment of professional commitment were negatively correlated with the dimensions of learning bumout. And the continued commitment was significant correlated with the low sense of accomplishment. Otherwise, the dimensions of professional commitment were positive correlated with the dimensions of academic self-efficacy. However, the dimensions of academic self-efficacy were significant negative correlated with the dimensions of learning burnout (P＜ 0. 01). Conclusions The professional commitment, learning bumout of undergraduate nursing students are closely related with the academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. The higher the levels of professional commitment and academic self-efficacy are, the lower the level of learning bumout is.

The"Experiencing teaching"is a students-centered and task-based teaching approach,from which students can apply what they learn to practice through their own experiences in classes.Using experiencing teaching in medical psychology,we get good teaching effects.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the self-assessed questionnaire of the elderly health care needs.Methods Based on the Zuluaga-Raysmith model, the initial questionnaire was formulated by literature reviewing and interviews.Through Delphi experts consultation, a questionnaire containing 12 factors, 61 items was constructed.A total of 750 elderly residents were investigated to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results The effective rate of questionnaires was 88.67％ (665/750).The total Cronbach α was 0.871.The test-retest reliability of all the items were all greater than 0.75.The item-level content validity index were all greater than 0.80.The scale-level content validity index was 0.95.14 factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, explaining 66.653％ of the total variance.Conclusions The elderly health care needs self-assessed questionnaire is comprehensive with good stability, which can be used in a multi-center, large sample research.The research may help to get a deep understanding of health care needs of the elderly as well as influencing factors.

Paridis Rhizoma is a rare Chinese herbal medicine with variety of medicinal values. In recent years, the demand for Paridis Rhizoma has increased gradually. Artificial cultivation has met difficulties, while exploitation of wild resources was caught in a vicious circle and has overdrawn seriously. So it is of great significance to enhance the protection of Paridis Rhizoma, carry out basic research, in order to solve problems in seeding breeding, promote artificial cultivation to meet the market need and achieve sustainable development and supply. This article reviewed the status qua of seedling breeding of Paridis Rhizoma, including seed breeding, tuber breeding and tissue culture, with a purpose to standardize planting of resource conservation and utilization of Paridis Rhizoma.

Objective To analyze Vitamin D nutritional status of children and their height growth relationship in Wanzhou dis-trict of Chongqing .Methods Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to detect serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]concentrations in 2 727 Children from Wanzhou district of Chongqing ,analyzing the correlation of Vitamin D and children age ,gender ,height ,parental height and other factors .Results There was significant difference in serum level of 25(OH) D among different age groups(P<0 .01) ,there was significant difference between boys and girls among the same age groups of 5 months ,6 months ,4 years old ,5 years old .Children′s height consistented with the national average 4 -6 years ago in Wanzhou District ,but Since then ,gradually felled behind .After adjustment for age ,sex ,parental height ,measured seasonal and other factors ,serum 25 (OH) D concentration was positively correlated with height (r=0 .462 5 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion 25(OH)D levels were closely re-lated with the development of children′s height .Thus ,children generally poor 25(OH)D nutritional status in Wanzhou district should arouse the attention of parents and clinicians .

Objective To evaluate the role of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT3D-TEE) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation with left atrial appendage(LAA) stunning after catheter ablation.Methods Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed by univariate regression in order to investigate the relationship between the group of LAA stunning and others in 28 patients after catheter ablation.Results Univariate analysis revealed difference in persisting time of atrial fibrillation[(16.4 ± 11.6)weeks vs (21.3 ± 18.6) weeks,P ＜0.05],left atrial diameter[(43.4 ± 8.3) mm vs (47.6 ± 5.9) mm,P ＜0.05 ],left atrial emptying fraction (0.38 ± 0.04 vs 0.30 ± 0.09,P ＜0.05).LAA emptying fraction based on three-dimensional volume measurements had significant difference (0.20 ± 0.03 vs 0.12 ± 0.02,P ＜ 0.001) between the group of LAA stunning and other cases.Conclusions LAA ejection fraction calculation by RT3D-TEE is feasible and more accurate than by clinical and other echocardiographic in LAA stunning after ablaton of atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the changes of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)) and their relation with lung function in bronchial asthma.Methods FENO and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were measured during the periods of acute onset,chronic persistence and paracmasis in 54 patients with asthma and 19 healthy persons.Results There were significant differences in the levels of FENO and FEV1 among the course of acute onset [(57.59 ± 32.24) ppb and (1.72± 0.33) L],chronic persistent course [(40.02 ± 15.68) ppb and (2.41 ± 0.23) L],paracmasis [(26.71±6.07) ppb and (2.82±0.29 )L]and control[(14.74±3.42 ) ppb and (2.93±0.13)L] (F=19.555,163.096,P＜0.01) except for the levels of FEV1 between paracmasis and control group(P＞0.05).The negative correlation between FENO and FEV1 was found in the course of acute onset(r=- 0.666,P =0.005 ),but not in the chronic persistent course ( r =- 0.288,P =0.176) and paracmasis(r=-0.246,P=0.457).Conclusions The level of FENO is increased and may be useful to evaluate control degree in patients with asthma.

Fierce earthquake could result in mass casualties. The patient is sent to the hospital after simple trauma management for further treatment. Emergency response to hospital infection management in station hospital can effectively prevent the occurrence and spreading of infectious diseases.

In teaching the course of Environmental Hygiene to the senior major of the four-year undergraduates of the Department of Public Administration,we have tried to reform the teaching program for the course of Public Place Hygiene.The related theories are taught right on the spot of public places instead of in classrooms.Students are organized to carry out such activities on their own as studying subject matters,consulting related documents and data,working out and implementing programs for on-the-spot monitoring and inspection,and then exchanging and discussing the results of monitoring and inspection,so that their interest in the courses is increased and their understanding of what they have learned is deepened.In this way they are able to apply their knowledge to practice,improve their practical capabilities,and enhance their overall capacity for analyzing and finding solutions to problems they are faced with.