The animal experiments,clinical researches and epidemiological investigations indicated that genistein has the effect for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease and cancer.Genistein can inhibit cellular and humoral immunity and can regulate cell apoptosis.The chemical structure,biological effects and the mechanism of genistein attracted much attention.The current research advance on genistein was summarized and the prospect on the theoretical significance,clinical importance was presented in this paper.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders in childbearing or pregnant women.Gestational hypothyroidism can increase the incidence rate of the variety of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcome.It also can make adverse effects on the fetus and neonate,such as death,placental abruption,fetal malformation,intrauterine growth retardation and preterm,low birth weight,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,it can also cause abnormal thyroid function of neonate,severely can cause nerve,mental,physical and mental developmental abnormalities and even death.Therefore,it is recommended that childbearing women who are at high risk for pregnancy should strengthen to monitor pregnancy thyroid function and treat as soon as possible in order to reduce the adverse effects on offspring.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic drug use in our hospital where the authors work in order to provide the reference for scientific management and rational use of these drugs. METHODS: The yearly amount of narcotic drugs administered in the whole hospital, the yearly amount in the separate departments, as well as drug expenditures and ratios between January 2002 and November 2005 were added up and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The amount of bucinnazine use dominated in the first. The amount of morphine for oral use was increasing year by year. The amount of fentangl transdernal patch use was also bigger and increasing rapidly. However, the amount of pethidine and morphine for injection use was decreasing. CONCLUSION:Analgetics for oral and transdermal use will be the main categories of analgetics in the future.

Long non-coding RNA was initially identified as "noises" of gene transcriptions. However, with the developing researches of ENCODE, it was found that the long non-coding RNAs can regulate the genomic expressions in the form of RNAs in epigenetic, transcription, and post transcriptional levels, which is involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes and has significant influences on occurrence and precaution of human diseases. This paper introduces functions and features of the long non-coding RNAs, and sums up the internal relation between long non-coding RNAs, diabetes and diabetic complications on the basis of existing researches. These advances can provide the basis for the further understanding of molecular medicine on occurrence and evolution of diabetes.
Diabetes Complications ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; genetics

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum procalcitonin (PCT) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and prognosis in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods A total of 88 patients with AECOPD admitted to emergency department of Peking university third hospital were prospectively studied,and were divided into three groups,namely high score group,median score group and low score group according to APACHE Ⅱ score.Serum PCT,hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),WBC and lactate were assayed within the first 24 hours after admission,the differences in those indicators between three groups were analyzed; and the correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱscore,hs-CRP,WBC,lactate were investigated.The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to prognosis,and the differences in those indicators between the two groups were analyzed.Results The serum levels of PCT was higher in high score group (0.60±0.32) ng/ml than that in median score group (0.36 ±0.23) ng/ml and that in low score group (0.24 ±0.19) ng/ml,differences between groups were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).The hs-CRP was higher in high score group M (P25,P75) 36.88 (10.14,47.16) mg/L than that in median score group 15.00 (3.64,30.33) mg/L and that in low score group 14.77 (4.35,15.80) mg/L (P =0.046).The PCT significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ and hs-CRP (P ＜0.01).The serum levels of PCT,APACHE Ⅱ score,hs-CRP and lactate were significantly higher in death group than those in survival group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a good correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score in patients of AECOPD,suggesting PCT to be a sensitive predictor of prognosis.

Objective To study the effect of 3％ hypertonic saline(HS) and 20％ mannitol on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.Methods 56 patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma were evenly divided into two groups.Group A(n =28) was treated by 3％ hypertonic saline(5.35ml/kg).Group B (n =28) was treated by 20％ mannitol(1 g/kg).CSFP was tested before hypertonic saline or mannitol infusion (T0),immediately (T1),15,30,60,120min after infusion (T2 ～5).Various blood-gas indexes were observed at To,T3 ～5.CaO2,CjvO2,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were calculated.Results CSFP significantly dropped from T2 to T5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly reduced at T4～5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion 3 ％ HS is as efficient as 20％ mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure and improving cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.

Objective To determine the brain protective effects of inhalation anesthetic pretreatment in infants undergoing open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation (ECC).Methods Forty-five infants (no more than 3 years old) with congenital heart diseases who received surgical treatment were divided into 3 groups by table of random digit,sevoflurane pretreatment group (group S,15 cases),isoflurane pretreatment group (group Ⅰ,15 cases) and control group (group C,15 cases).In pretreatment group,all infants had been inhaled 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane or isoflurane continually for over 60 min after intubation,while group C did not receive pretreatment.Blood samples were taken before (T1) and in 5 min after ECC (T2),occlusion of aorta (T3),30 min after ECC (T4),end ofECC (T4),and 6 and 24 h after the end of ECC (T6 and T7).Serum levels of S 100 β protein and neurone specific enolase (NSE) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE among the 3 groups in T1 (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ between T1 and T2-7 (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in T2-7 between group S and group Ⅰ (P ＞ 0.05).In group C,there were significant differences in the serum levels of S100 β protein in T4-6 and NSE in T4-7 than those in T1 (P＜ 0.05).In T4-6,the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in group C [S100 β protein:(0.45 ± 0.31),(0.47 ± 0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.73 ± 0.31) μ g/L,(0.53 ± 0.33),(0.54 ± 0.36) μ g/L vs.(0.91 ± 0.30) μ g/L,(0.47 ± 0.34),(0.49 ±0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.79 ± 0.40) μ g/L,P ＜ 0.05； NSE:(3.26 ± 1.34),(3.32 ± 1.34) μ g/L vs.(7.20 ± 2.71)μ g/L,(5.57 ± 1.49),(5.61 ± 1.52) μ g/L vs.(7.68 ± 3.68) μ g/L,(2.29 ± 1.21),(2.34 ± 1.22) μ g/L vs.(9.46 ± 4.61) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Sevoflurane or isoflurane pretreatment significantly decreases the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE during open-heart operation in infants with ECC.

Bedside ultrasonography is used to provide information about the cardiovascular system and the function and anatomy of certain internal organs,and help to guide the invasive procedures.Compared to traditional ultrasonography,bedside ultrasonography is more focused on the optimization of the treatment.It has become a necessary tool,as a powerful adjunct to the physical examination,in the management of critically ill patients in advanced countries.The development trend is the clinical protocol based on bedside ultrasonog-raphy.The application of bedside ultrasonography in China is limited,especially in PICU.Standardized educa-tion and quality assurance system are needed to its popularization.

Gastrointestinal motility disorders are commonly seen digestive system diseases in elderly subjects. During the process of normal aging,digestive tract experiences a series of degenerative changes,which is the foundation of many gastrointestinal motility disorders. Further study on gastrointestinal dysmotility and its mechanisms is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases in aging population. In this article,the advances in studies on effects of aging on motility of digestive tract( including oropharynx,esophagus,stomach,small bowel,colon and anorectum)and its mechanism researches were reviewed.

Objective To explore the correlation between miR-221/222 expression and the pathological features of thyroid carcinomas.Methods A total of thyroid tissue specimens was collected in thyroid surgery from Mar 2013 to Feb 2014.The expression levels of miR-221/222 were tested with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The expression levels of miR-221/222 were analyzed in different thyroid carcinoma tissues.Results The expression levels of miR-221/222 were significantly over-expressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues compared to non-thyroid carcinoma tissues (F =9.358,P =0.0014).No significant difference was found among different groups of non-thyroid carcinoma tissues (F =1.367,P =0.839).The expression levels of miR-221/222 were significantly different in thyroid carcinoma specimens with different pathological features (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of miR-221/222 were significantly over-expressed in thyroid carcinoma tissues.Both expression levels of miR221/222 were associated with extrathyroidal invasion,regional lymph nodes,and tumor staging.The expression levels of miR-221/222 might guide diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of thyroid carcinomas.