0.05) respectively in groupC1-C4,while in groups T1-T5,the rates were 21%,28%,36%,40%,37.5% ( P 0.05).However,the differentiation rate of MSCs increased probably with the incubation time prolonged.During the procedure of MSCs differentiation,the expression pattern of some genes such as GATA4 and cTNT may make some difference.

Ocular neovascularization,abnormal formation of new vessels from pre-existing capillaries,is a special pathologic change of many ocular diseases,including diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity,etc..Ocular neovascular diseases comprise the common causes of blindness in millions of people.Recent studies showed that kringle domains from many endogenous proteins inhibit the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in vitro and neovascular formation in vivo.Hence kringle domain with conservative structure has been considered as a potential inhibitor of neovascularization.The update studies on antiangiogenic kringle domains and its inhibition on ocular neovascularization were summarized.

Objective:To observe the tansdifferentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte in a coculture system with cardiomyocytes.Methods:Newly born Wistar Rats' cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured and the cells were labeled with DAPI.Prepared MSCs were planted into the cardiomyocytes dishes to establish a co-culture system.Supernatant liquid of the cardiomyocytes or fibroblast was added the MSCs(non-labeled) dishes as the control. After one week of coculture,fluorescence microscope observation and immunocytochemical staining with cTnT was performed to evaluate the phenotype changes in non-labeled MSCs.Results:MSCs and cardiomyocytes were connect with each other by net in culture plate after a few days of coculture;some non-labeled cells were positively stained by cTnT antibody while the MSCs cultured with cardiomyocytes or fibroblast supernatant liquid were stained negatively.Conclusion:To obtain cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro,direct contact of MSCs with cardiomyocytes is essential.The signaling molecules induce MSCs' transformation into cardiomyocytes are likely some membrane proteins on the surface of cardiomyocytes.

This paper argues that the core idea of evidence-based medicine is to “follow the evidence”,whose essence is a model of clinical medical service,and a guiding ideology for the clinical practice.It has become a proper noun nowadays.The wording “evidence-based medicine teaching method”needs discussion, because “evidence-based medicine” and “teaching method” are lack of logical internal relations in concept.The teaching method of scientific sense has its own characteristics and requirements.To name a teaching method,it is necessary to define its peculiar connotation in teaching method,with specific procedures and steps to form a complete set of scientific method of teaching.

The research methods, such as philology of medicine history and comparison between tradition and modern and so on were adopted in this article to study the acupuncture-moxibustion development after western medicine spreading to the East in Japan and its main transition under the impact of western medicine. The results showed that from Meiji to Showa period, under the influence of western medicine, the transition of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion mainly embodied in following three aspects, incuinng acupuncture works absorbing western medicine knowledge, applying experiment measures to explore acupuncture principle and launching acupuncture teaching in accordance with Europe and America academy educational pattern. The changes on acupuncture works, teaching materials and methods of researching and teaching have triggered the transition and transformation of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion from tradition to modern.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; trends ; History of Medicine ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Japan ; Medicine ; trends ; Medicine in Literature ; Moxibustion ; history ; trends

Objective To investigate the changes of cesarean section rate and indications in different level hospitals of different areas in China during 2000 to 2009. Methods Literatures published in Chinese journals on variation of cesarean section rate and indications from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed. Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend. The differences of cesarean section rate between different areas or different level hospitals were analyzed by chi-square test.Results Forty-nine papers were enrolled in this study.Cesarean section rate had risen from 2000 (32.1％,10 353/32 258) to 2009 (52.5％,3674/6992)(Z=-20.8267,P＜0.01).During 2000 to 2008,the average cesarean section rate of level one grade A hospital was 45.7％ (3754/8214),which was higher than 34.5％(25 015/72 507) in level three grade A hospital and 32.3％(28 140/87 121) in level two grade B hospital (P＜0.05,respectively).Except for level three grade A hospital,cesarean section rate had risen in the other two level hospitals during 2003 to 2008. The average cesarean section rate was 58.6％ (4982/8502) in northeast area during 2000 to 2007,which was higher than that of other areas (P＜0.01); and the average cesarean section rate was 27.5％ (12 264/44 595) in central China and 33.0％ (23 239/70 421) in southern China,which were lower than that of other areas (P＜ 0.01 ). Social factor,instead of dystocia,became the most important indication for cesarean section,and its proportion kept rising annually,from 11.3％ (1170/10 353) in 2000 to 27.1％(2094/7726) in 2008 and remained above 20.0％(5159/24 691) since 2004.The proportion of scar uterus rose from 6.7％(694/10 353) in 2000 to 12.5％ (459/3674) in 2009. Conclusions Cesarean section rate rises fast and its major indications had changed in China. It is suggested that special method should be taken to control the current situation.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertensive perfusion which induced by norepinephrine on the TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and the activity of Na~+-K~+-ATPase in lung tissue and to observe the morphology of lung tissue. Method Ten domestic pigs were suffered from ventricular fibrillation for 4 minutes and applied cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The pigs they were divided into two groups. Hypertensive perfusion group( n = 5) :the mean arterial pressure, which induced by norepinephrine was maintained as 130% as baseline for 4 hours; nor-real perfusion group( n = 5) : the mean arterial pressure was maintained as baseline for 4 hours, too. Hemodynamic parameters was observed, blood samples were extracted to detect the TNF-α and IL-6 in serum at the time of baseline, 10 min, 2 h and 4 h after successful resuscitation. The expression of Na~+ -K~+ -ATPase in lung tissue and the change of ultrastmeture and pathology in lung tissue was detected at 24 h. All values were analyzed by student' s t test. Results There was no influence on hemodynamic parameters except the blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive perfusion group. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced(P < 0.01 ) and the activity of Na~+-K~+ -ATPase was upgraded in hypertensive perfusion group. Hypertensive perfusion could play a protective role on the morphology of alveolar cell. Conclusions Hypertensive perfusion which induced by norepinephrine could reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines, upgrade the activity of the Na~+-K~+-ATPase, decrease the consumption of surfactant and have an important protective effect on lung tissue.

BACKGROUND:Implanted site and direction of miniscrew implants, post-implantation movement of implants, contact between tooth and implant after tooth movement al can cause root damage.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes of the root surface, periodontal tissue and osteoprotegerin expression in the periodontal tissue at periods of time after miniscrew implant loading.
METHODTwo beagle dogs were selected. For each dog, miniscrews were implanted into the labial alveolar bone near the roots of the maxil ary second, third, and fourth premolars and the maxil ary second, third, and fourth premolars and first molar. Fourteen miniscrew implants were in one dog, including six in the maxil ary and eight in the mandible;two miniscrews of the maxil ary acted as control group with no loading, and the rest miniscrews were as experimental group under orthodontics force. Two weeks after miniscrew implantation, 150 g force was loaded between two miniscrews with nickel-titanium closed-coil springs. The dogs were sacrificed after miniscrews loading 4 and 8 weeks respectively, the teeth were cut completely with alveolar bone tissue and decalcified to make the histological specimen. The histological changes of the root and periodontal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and expression of osteoprotegrin in the periodontal ligament was also inspected by using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the miniscrews were adjacent to the roots, absorption lacuna occurred in the alveolar bone;after horizontal force was loaded opposite to the roots, alveolar resorption became much more animate. When the miniscrews contacted with the pericementum, some areas of the cement absorbed seriously and even reached the dentin;when sustaining pressure from the miniscrews, the whole layer of the cement absorbed and the dentin was exposed and began to be absorbed. The osteoprotegrin in the periodontal ligament of control group expressed sharply and its expression was notable at 8 weeks;while the osteoprotegrin of experimental group weakly expressed at 8 weeks, and there was significant divergence between control group and experimental group at 8 weeks (P<0.01). The roots and periodontal tissue were al damaged variously after miniscrew implantation adjacent to the roots. When horizontal orthodontic force was loaded opposite to the roots, the expression of osteoprotegrin was influenced slightly;as the loading period prolonged, pressure dramatical y restrained the expression of osteoprotegrin. When discovering the miniscrew implant adjacent to roors, the miniscrew implant anchorage should not be used to load orthodontical force opposite to the roots but ought to be removed in order to leave the root repair autonomously and avoid further damage.

Objective To explore the relationship between antifungal resistance and expression of a virulence factor phospholipase B1 in Candida albicans. Methods Total RNA was extracted from 15 fluconazole-resistant and 15 fluconazole-sensitive Candida albicans isolates. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of phospholipase B1 mRNA. Extracellular and intracellular proteins secreted by Candida albicans cells were concentrated using salting-out method and extracted by P0013B RIPA lysis buffer, respectively followed by Western-blotting analysis to detect the expression of extracellular and intracellular phospholipase B1 protein. Results The relative expression of phospholipase B1 mRNA was 0.6173 ± 0.1090 in fluconazoleresistant Candida albicans isolates, significantly higher than in fluconazole-sensitive isolates (0.2653 ± 0.0935,P ＜ 0.05). Increased expressions of extracellular and intracellular phospholipase B1 protein were noted in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates compared with fluconazole-sensitive isolates (0.4145 ± 0.2773 vs 0.2720 ± 0.2194, 0.1825 ± 0.1831 vs 0.2653 ± 0.0935, t = 2.703, 3.443, both P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The expressions of phospholipase B1 mRNA and protein are elevated in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates, suggesting that the expression of phospholipase B1 may be associated with the occurrence of antifungal resistance in Candida albicans.

Nondegradable stent graft and drug-eluting stent inhibit intima hyperplasy to certain extent, reduce the incidence of restenosis, and probabilize the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, the stent is a metallic foreign body, so it can induce thrombogenesis or immune responses. Novel biodegradable stent has good biocompatibility and biodegradation. It can degrade into CO2 and H2O2, participate metabolism, with no toxicity or complication caused by permanent metal stent. However, the biodegradable stent possesses inadequate mechanical performance and support. How to improve the biological stability and controllability through optimizing material integral quality and modulating their molecular constitution, and how to reduce inflammatory reaction and vascular restenosis after stenting are the study focuses in medical and material fields.