Epistaxis is a common otorhinolaryngological emergency with complex etiological factors and varied clinical manifestations. The key to epistaxis treatment is accurate diagnosis and adequate hemostasis. Electrocoagulation is a reliable, safe and effective treatment for epistaxis. However, there are still several deficiencies in application of the commonly used electrocoagulation surgical products. This paper introduces a new type of radiofrequency head incorporating the dynamic circulatory functions of drip, irrigation, hemostasis and aspiration. We aim to achieve noninvasive, effective and accurate hemostasis in the treatment of epistaxis or nasal sinus surgery.
Humans ; Epistaxis/surgery* ; Electrocoagulation ; Treatment Outcome ; Paranasal Sinuses

Objective:To examine the expression of TRAF 6 in ovarian carcinomas ,discuss the relation between expression level and clinical characteristics of ovarian carcinomas and study the clinical significance .Methods: Specimens from 102 patients with ovarian carcinomas managed in our hospital between Augest 2001 and December 2009 were included in this study .Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of TRAF 6 in ovarian carcinomas and normal tissues .All the specimens were confirmed by pa-thology for ovarian carcinomas and normal tissues by HE staining .Then, the correlation between the expression and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed .Furthermore ,survival analyses were performed according to the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The positive expression rate of TRAF 6 in ovarian carcinomas and normal tissues was 68.6% and 20.5%, respectively.TRAF6 expression was significantly associated with tumor stage and distant metastasis ( P<0.05 ) .According to the survival analysis of 102 ovarian carcinomas patients ,cases in the TRAF6 low-expression group showed poorer overall survival rate when compared with low -expression group ( P<0.001 ) .Conclusion: These results indicate that the expression of TRAF 6 was closely related with in the progression of ovarian carcinomas and may have clinical utility in the prediction of prognosis of ovarian carcinomas .

Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Duodenal Ulcer ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; etiology ; surgery

The statement on the depth of needle insertion is collected from Neiiing (nternal Classic) and Nanjing (Classic of Medical Problems) and the relationship of it is discussed with meridians, diseases, symptoms, location of sickness, qi and blood changes in human body, time, layers of needle insertion, reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture, etc. The factors are explored for the determination of the puncture depth, which provides the important guidance for the depth of insertion, needling sensation, reinforcing and reducing manipulations, acupuncture effect and the improvement of acupuncture efficacy. The complex and mystery of acupuncture technique focus on the control of insertion depth. In clinical practice, the increase of needle insertion depth may not induce the equal increase of efficacy. The depth of needle insertion is rather relevant with stimulation at the effective acupoint in the effective layer.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Needles ; history ; Sensation

Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells. This dynamic process involves "wrapping" cytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism. The catabolic effect of autophagy can eliminate toxic substances in cells, maintain homeostasis in the intracellular environment, and produce small molecules, such as amino acids, which nourish cells, thereby allowing them to survive. Autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of tumors by maintaining homeostasis in the intracellular environment. However, it can promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Autophagy can regulate the microenvironment of tumor cells and has an important role in a series of processes, such as anoikis, tumor dormancy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Anoikis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms

BACKGROUND:Many researches on the development of cochlea have been made, but mainly depend on the pathological conditions and developmental deformity, while the researches on the development process of normal embryonic cochlea and expression of related factors are rare.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of transforming growth factorβ1 in rat embryonic cochlea.
METHODS:Fifty-six Sprague Dawley rats were selected and the rats were pregnancy, and the embryos were obtained from the rats, trimmed the inner ear specimens under the anatomical microscope, and then the specimens were treated with dehydration, decalcification, directly paraffin embedding and slicing processing. The morphology evolution of inner cochlea was observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of transforming growth factorβ1 in rat embryonic cochlea was observed by immunohistochemical streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The development of rat inner ear began in ectoderm thickening area of E8 phase, otocyst and the emergency of the mesenchymal could be seen in E9 phase, otocyst and ossicular chain began to develop in E9.5 phase, formation of cochlear duct anlage could be seen in E12.5 phase, cochlea tube development was completed in E18.5 phase and Corti’s formation could be seen in E16 phase. The structure and function of the inner ear could be ful y developed after birth. The expression of transforming growth factorβ1 could be seen in E12.5-E19 phases, and the expression was changed from weak to strong and then weakened further, and strongest in E14.5 phase. This suggested that transforming growth factorβ1 may be involved during the development of rat cochlear epithelium.

Objective To detect the genetic diversity and prevalent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tibetan patients in Tibet and to analyze factors associated with prevalent strains.Methods A total of 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by spacen oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and the results were analyzed with BioNumerics software (Version 5.0) and compared with the international spoligotype database of SITVIT2.Results Among the 577 cases of Tibet patients,329 were male and 248 were female.Based on spoligotyping,23 different spoligotypes were identified among 577 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates,with a genetic diversity of 3.99 ％.The majority (97.57％,563/577) of the isolates belonged to four known families,such as Beijing family,T family,CAS family and MANU2 family.The remaining 14 isolates had 11 novel spoligotypes.522 (90.47％)isolates belonging to Beijing family presented with 7 spoligotypes,resulting in the genetic diversity of Beijing family of 1.34％.With high similarity,Beijing family strains could be clustered into one genotype;among non-Beijing family strains,strains belonging to T family and MANU2 family were similar and could be clustered into one genotype.Changdu had the highest prevalence (97.83％) of Beijng family strains.In this study,the occurrence of Beijing family strains was not associated with age,sex,bacillus CalmetteGuerin vaccination or treatment history (P=1.00,0.36,0.83 and 1.00,respectively).Conclusions In this study,the genetic diversity of Tibetan Mycobacterium tuberculosis is low and Beijing family strains are highly prevent in Tibet,by classical spoligotyping.

Aim To study the effects on T lymphocyte subsets in spleen of mice immunized with recombinant BCGSj26GST. Methods Inthe first experiment, BALB/c mice were immrnized subcutaneously by 106 and 108 CFU BCG-Sj26GST respectively. ALLthe mice were artifically challenged with cerariae of Schistosoma japonicum on 8weeks after immunization, six after challenge, the mice were killed, and the spleens were removed, cells were prepared seperately and were analysed by immunofluorescence with conjugated monoclonal antibodies in a FACsort cytofiuorimeter at 523 nm, PBS treated mice were serwed as control. In the second experiment, after immunized subcutanenously or inntraveously by 106 CFU vaccine, 4 mice were ranndonly killed to separate spleens on 0wk, 4wk, 8wk, 10wk, 14wk and 16wk after immurization, the percentage of CD+4 and CDs+ subsets was analysed as above. Results In the first experiment, CD+4 subsets increased renarkably, but CD+8 subsetsdid slightly by immunization with the vaccine against challenge with S.j. Cercariae, in the second experiment, the dynamic observation showed that in the subcutaneous and intravenous group, CD+4 subsets increased obviously since 10wk and 8wk respectively, CD8+ subsets hadno obvious changeover 16 weeks of observation , in the subcutaneous groupbuttheCD8+ subsets rose lightly on 4-16wk in the intravenous group. Conclusion On the basis of this study it's suspected that CD+4 subsets might play an important role in the protective immunity induced by the vaccine

There are not yet uniform for the recognition and morphological description of Russell bodies and Mott cells.Some difficulties for the learner in clinical diagnosis were encountered.The characteristics of name and morphology of Russell bodies and Mott cells were described in this paper combined with many years of experience in clinical practice according to new point of view of (2008) World Health Organization classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and European Leukemia Net Morphology Faculty.

BACKGROUND:The combination of fiber post and resin core for restorations of mesial or distal defects of the maxil ary central incisor can restore the elastic modulus close to the nature dentin, and achieve good aesthetic effects. However, when a complete dentin col ar cannot be prepared due to a large number of dental tissue defects, the post and core are easy to be lost or fractured after defect repair using the combination of fiber post and resin core.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the stress distribution after nickel-chromium cast post and core, gold-pal adium cast post and core, and fiber post and resin core were used for restorations of mesial or distal defects of the maxil ary central incisors using three-dimensional finite element analysis.
METHODS:An intact adult maxil ary central incisor that meets the average dental anatomical value in China was selected and scanned using a dental cone-beam CT. Then, three-dimensional tooth-fiber post and core (nickel-chromium cast post and core or gold-pal adium cast post and core)-al-ceramic crown models of mesial or distal defects of the maxil ary central incisors and part loss of dentin col ar were established using ABAQUS analysis. After repair with nickel-chromium cast post and core, gold-pal adium cast post and core, and fiber post and resin core, stress distribution in the loaded state was compared using the ABAQUS three-dimensional finite element analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stress peak at the adhesive and cast layers in the fiber post and resin core group was significantly lower than that in the nickel-chromium cast post and core or gold-pal adium cast post and core group. It indicated that the tooth root was easy to be fractured after mesial or distal defects of the maxil ary central incisors with partial loss of dentin col ar were restored with nickel-chromium cast post and core, gold-pal adium cast post and core. In addition, the stress peaks at the dentin layer were consistent for fiber post and core, nickel-chromium cast post and core, and gold-pal adium cast post and core. These findings indicate that the combination of fiber post and resin core is better for restorations of mesial or distal defects of the maxil ary central incisors.