One hundred mandibles of adult Chinese male unearthed in Shanghai without missing teeth, alveolar bone resorption or/and malposition of teeth were studied. Our data showed that the location of the mental foramen below the apex of the lower second premolar was the most common. Our results were compared with those of other investigators. The Clinical significance of iden.tifying the anatomical location of the mental foramen in dental practice is discussed

Diabetes mellitus( DM) rates remain highly and is increasing dramatically worldwide. Meanwhile, the incidence of tuberculosis ( TB) decreased slowly. Moreover, DM is an important risk factor for TB incidence. Therefore, TB-DM comorbidity is becoming a new challenge in the field of prevention and control of TB. TB patients complicated with DM displayed distinct pathological manifestations, severity, course of disease, treatment complexity, failure rate of anti-TB treatment, death and recurrence compared with ordinary TB patients. Infection and incidence of TB is closely related to the immune function of the host. For patients with DM or hyperglycemia, the immune function is changed, which leads to the increase of the risk of TB and also affects the condition and prognosis of the disease. The present review summarize the current advances in the study of the immunological characteristics of TB-DM comorbidity, including the changes of both innate and adaptive immune responses, aiming to provide reference for the basic research and prevention and control of TB-DM comorbidity.

Objective:To establish a simultaneous determination method for gallic acid and piperine in Naru Sanwei pills. Meth-ods:The separation was carried out on an Ultimate XB-C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column. The mobile phase was methanol and 0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The gradient program was as follows: in 0-20 min, methanol was changed from 15% to 80%;in 20-30 min, methanol was changed from 80% to 15%. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 285 nm, the column temperature was 30℃,and the sample size was 10μl. Results:The linear range of gallic acid and piperine was 0. 878-4. 392 μg(r=1. 000 0)and 0. 262-1. 308 μg(r=1. 000 0), respectively. The average recovery was 100. 75%(RSD=1. 19%) and 98. 35%(RSD=1. 46%)(n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method with high precision and resolution can be used for the quali-ty control of Naru Sanwei pills.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing diabetic foot ulcer(DFU). Methods Secretion specimens of DFU in patients at several hospitals in Qingdao were collected and performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results A total of 216 pathogens were ob-tained from 137 patients with DFU. Isolation rate of gram-negative bacilli,gram-positive cocci and fungi was 58.80% (n= 127),39.81% (n= 86)and 1.39% (n= 3)respectively. 76 (55.47% )patients were infected with sin-gle pathogen,61 (44.53% )were infected with mixed pathogens;the top five detected pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n= 37),Staphylococcusaureus (n= 35),Escherichiacoli (n= 26),Staphylococcusepidermidis(n=24),and Acinetobacterbaumannii(n= 22). The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin,amoxicillin/clavu-lanic acid,cefoxitin,imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid were 0-16.67% ;the resist-ance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem,tobramycin,amikacin,cefepime,gentamicin,and quinolones were 2 .70% -1 8 .92% ;the resistance of Acinetobacterbaumannii to imipenem and levofloxacin were low,but to the other antimicrobial agents were all above 30% . Conclusion The major pathogens from DFU were gram-negative bacilli, the next were gram-positive cocci,antimicrobial resistance patterns of each species are quite different,clinicians should choose antimicrobial agents according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

We separated viable tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and reginal lymphaden lymphocytes (RNL) from 37 cases solid human tumors and their reginal lymphadens, by means of combing mechanical and enzymatic digestion and discontinuous density gradients. The total cell recovery were 0.42-78.4?10~6 per gm tumor and 8.8-194?10~6 per gm lymphaden. The purity TIL and RNL fraction were 61.1?15.4% and 82.5?8.2%, respectively. Activated TIL, PBL, RNL and splenic cell (SPC) by rIL-2 expanded 2.58?1.05?10~5 -fold, 2.7?2.6?10~3-fold, 8.25 ?2.85?10~6-fold and 5.64 ? 2.51?10~3-fold in an average of 39.2?11.2 days. Total cell numbers in RNLs and 26/37 (70.3%) of TILs were up to 10~(10).

We tried to clarify the role of oxygen radicals [released from granulocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in rat acute lung injury. It was found that DNA strand-break damage (DSBD) in peripheral white blood cells was significantly increased 40 min after injection of PMA. DSBD in lung tissue of rats treated with PMA was also markedly increased. The PMA-treated rats showed significantly higher lipid-peroxide (LPO) level in plasma and lung hemogenate than the controls. These results suggest that determination of DSBD, a simple and sensitive indicator for oxygen radical damaging, might be useful in the diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome, when it is used together with measurement of plasma LPO.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of Glycyrrhizic acid in Jiaweihuoxiangzhengqi pill.METHODS:The analysis was performed on a Varian C18(250mm?4.6mm,5?m)column at room temperature with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-0.2mol?L-1 ammonium acetate-acetate(56∶9∶34∶1)at a flow rate of 0.9mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 254nm.RESULTS:Good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration range of Glycyrrhizic acid was 10～50?g?mL-1(r=0.999 5).The average recovery was 99.06%(RSD=0.58%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The method was simple,rapid,sensitive and reproducible,which can be used for the quality control of Jiaweihuoxiangzhengqi pill.

Objective To study the effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training in the postpartum rehabilitation treatment of pelvic floor function.Methods 320 puerperants who were rechecked at 42d after the delivery in our hospital from September 2011 to January 2013 were divided into two groups,patients in the observation group were treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training ,patients in the control group were given without treatment intervention,then the pelvic floor muscle tension,vaginal muscle voltage and urinary incontinence rate of two groups at 3 month after the treatment were compared.Results The improvement of pelvic floor muscle tension and vaginal muscle voltage of observation group were significantly better than those of control group (<0.05),the urinary incontinence rate was significantly lower (<0.05) .Conclusion The biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training can effectively improve the pelvic floor muscle tension and decrease the urinary incontinence rate,so it can improve the life quality of puerperants.

Objective To investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV)E6/E7 mRNA detection used in cervical cancer screen-ing.Methods In the study,160 patients treated in gynaecology department of the hospital were enrolled,whose samples were col-lected for ultra-thin liquid-based cytology(thin prep cytology test,TCT).According to the TCT results,the patients were divided into 4 groups,including normal group(n=32),CINⅠ group(n=44),CINⅡ group(n=67),CINⅢ group(n=17).In addition to the CIN classification,according to the type of pathology the patients′groups were also devided.In different groups,the differences be-tween HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA positive rate were compared respectively.The differences between HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA levels among different pathology groups were also compared.Results In groups of different CIN grades and control group,the positive rate of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA test showed statistically diffrences (P <0.05 ).Compared among different pathologic groups HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA levels were statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion In cer-vical cancer screening,HPV E6/E7 mRNA screening can be used as a screening method and its combined use with cytological meth-od would be helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Biochemistry is one of the important basic courses.There are some exploration and thinking on biochemistry teaching reform from teaching features of medical education,the application of teaching basic principles and the designing of teaching regulation forms.