With the development of medical theory and technology, the traditional teaching patterns have fallen behind the requirements for the training of medical students. Recently, virtual reality techniques have been proved to be effective in the practice of medical education. Through sum-marizing the experience of building simulation systems of eye anatomy, clinical features of eye and simulation practice, the author has elaborated the role of virtual reality technology in ophthalmology teaching theory and practice, which is of profound significance to improve the overall level of ophthal-mology teaching.

〔Abstract〕 Taking Wuxi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University as an example, the paper introduces the constitu-tion, software architecture and main functions of Clinical Decision Support System ( CDSS) .The system is integrated with Electronic Medical Records ( EMR) system, providing scientific and acurate information support for clinicians in the whole diagnosis process.It has positive significance to improve the work quality and reduce medical errors.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Zhenqifuzheng granule combined with Tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule in treating advanced carcinoma of gastric cardia in aged patients.Methods 52 cases of aged patients with advanced carcinoma of gastric cardia were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was treated with zhenqi fuzheng granule combined with tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule,and the control group was given Tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule only.The curative effect,adverse reaction and cellular immune function were evaluated after two treatment cycles.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the objective efficacy rate between observation (46.2％) and control group (50.0％) (P＞0.05).The rate of adverse reaction was higher in the control group than in observation group (P＜0.05).The rate of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the control group was 50.0％,but 15.4％ in observation group.The rate of bone marrow suppression was 26.9％ in control group,but 11.5％ in observation group.The cellular immune function was better in observation group than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Zhenqifuzheng granule can improve immune function and reduce toxic side effects when combined with Tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassim capsule in treating advanced carcinoma of gastric cardia in aged patients.

Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Skin Tests

Objective To determine the existence of RBM6-RBM5 chimera and study its relationship with oncogenesis. Methods Ten cell lines including GLC-20,MDA.MB.231,Jurkat,TF-1,MCF-7,Hela,BT-474,A431,K562 and Raji ; several cDNAs from tumor tissues including lung,ovary,skeletal,skin,spleen,uterus,heart,bone,brain,lymph node,pancreas,prostate,testis and their normal controls and 5 breast cancer tissues were collected for the study.Nested PCR was used to identify the existence and expression level of RBM6-RBM5 chimera.QPCR was used to determine the RBM6,RBM5 gene expression level in chimeric positive and negative tumor tissues.Results RBM6-RBM5 chimera was identified in MDA,MB,231 cell line,which lacked exons 20,21 of RBM6 and exon 1 of RBM5.The chimeric expression was only observed on 10 tumor cell lines and tissues,among some specific tumor types,the chimeric expression was associated with elevated levels of RBM6 and RBM5 mRNA.Conclusion RBM6 mRNA experiences altered co-transcriptional gene regulation in certain cancers.RBM6-RBM5 transcription-induced chimerism might be a process that is linked to the tumor-associated increased transcriptional activity of the RBM6 and RBM5 genes,and this chimera might be a new marker for tumor prediction.

Objective To study the arthroscopic operative procedure and the result for knee osteoarthritis. Methods 49 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by arthroscopic operation from May 1993 to September 1999 were reviewved.Arthroscopic lavage,debridement or debridement Combined with drilling was performed on different patients. Results The average follow-up period was 5 years.The scale improved 36.0 after operation.No serious complication was found. Conclusions Arthroscopic debridement for osteoarthritis is satisfactory in the long-term efficacy and drilling of grade Ⅳ subchondral bone does not improve long-term outcome.

Objective To study the values of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods A retrospective survey of 75 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by arthroscopic operation from May 1993 to Sep 1999 was conducted.the Tindings by radiograph and those in operation were compaired. Results The average follow-up period was nearly 5 years.The scale improved 35.7 after operation.No serious complication arose. Conclusions The more severe the condition, the more consistent radiographic diagnosis is with arthroscopic findings.Radiography reflects the site of the lesion better.50% of the patients at the intermediate and late stage have meniscal lesions.It seems that meniscal lesion does not affect surgical results;having loose body indicates better results.

The genesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC)is a complicated biology process involve in multiple factors.It has been paid more attention to the genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis and development of PHC.As the third generation of molecular genetic marker,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)becomes a hot topic in the research field of PHC.This article summarized the research evolution of the relationship between the susceptible gene SNP of PHC and PHC susceptibility.

Objective To evaluate the improvement of cone beam CT (CBCT) image quality by using bewtie filter (F_1) and water calibration. Methods First the multi-level gain calibration of the detector panel with the method of Cal_2 calibration was performed, and the CT images of CATPHAN503 with F_0 and bowtic filter were collected, respectively. Then the detector panel using water calibration kit was calibrated, and images were acquired again. Finally, the change of image quality after using F_1 and (or) water calibration method was observed. The observed indexes included low contrast visibility, spatial uniformity, ring artifact, spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. Results Comparing with the traditional combination of F_0 filter and Cal_2 calibration, the combination of bowtie filter F_1 and water calibration improves low contrast visibility by 13.71%, and spatial uniformity by 54. 42%. Water calibration removes ring artifacts effectively. However, none of them improves spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. Conclusions The combination of F_1 and water calibration improves CBCT image quality effectively. This improvement is aid to the registration of CBCT images and localization images.

DNA methylation is the best studied of the epigenetic changes that influence the gene expression,and changes in genomic methylation patterns have been observed in many cancer cell lines.Nutrients as methyl donors play essential roles in DNA methylation and may modify cancer risk.This review,with an emphasis on the relationship between nutrition,DNA methylation and cancer,firstly defines methylation with a description of its correlated mechanism,then approaches the molecular mechanism of cancer initiation and development at the methylation level,and lastly summarizes the mechanism underlying the effect of methylation-related nutrients on the process of cancer initiation and development at the molecular level.It also offers some suggestions on cancer prevention at the group nutrition level.