Osteoporosis is a common senile bone metabolism disease， clinically characterized by decreased bone mass， destruction of bone microstructure， increased bone fragility， and easy fracture. It tends to occur in the elderly and postmenopausal women， seriously threatening the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly. At present， the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly based on oral western medicines， such as calcium， Vitamin D， and bisphosphonates. Still， there are drawbacks such as a long medication cycle and many adverse reactions. In recent years， due to the advantages of multi-component， multi-pathway， and multi-target， some traditional Chinese medicines and effective ingredients can regulate the osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation process in both directions and are widely used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Hippophae rhamnoides is a commonly used herbal medicine， and its fruits are rich in flavonoids， polyphenols， fatty acids， vitamins， and trace elements， which have been proven to have a good anti-osteoporosis effect. Isorhamnetin is the main effective ingredient of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits， which has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， anti-oxidative stress， anti-aging， and anti-tumor. Studies have shown that isorhamnetin can participate in the regulation of bone metabolism and has a good anti-osteoporosis effect. However， the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis have not been systematically summarized. Therefore， this paper reviewed the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis by referring to relevant literature to provide more basis for the development and application of isorhamnetin.

With the widespread adoption of low-dose CT screening and the extensive application of high-resolution CT, the detection rate of sub-centimeter lung nodules has significantly increased. How to scientifically manage these nodules while avoiding overtreatment and diagnostic delays has become an important clinical issue. Among them, lung nodules with a consolidation tumor ratio less than 0.25, dominated by ground-glass shadows, are particularly worthy of attention. The therapeutic challenge for this group is how to achieve precise and complete resection of nodules during surgery while maximizing the preservation of the patient's lung function. The "watershed topography map" is a new technology based on big data and artificial intelligence algorithms. This method uses Dicom data from conventional dose CT scans, combined with microscopic (22-24 levels) capillary network anatomical watershed features, to generate high-precision simulated natural segmentation planes of lung sub-segments through specific textures and forms. This technology forms fluorescent watershed boundaries on the lung surface, which highly fit the actual lung anatomical structure. By analyzing the adjacent relationship between the nodule and the watershed boundary, real-time, visually accurate positioning of the nodule can be achieved. This innovative technology provides a new solution for the intraoperative positioning and resection of lung nodules. This consensus was led by four major domestic societies, jointly with expert teams in related fields, oriented to clinical practical needs, referring to domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, and finally formed after multiple rounds of consultation, discussion, and voting. The main content covers the theoretical basis of the "watershed topography map" technology, indications, operation procedures, surgical planning details, and postoperative evaluation standards, aiming to provide scientific guidance and exploration directions for clinical peers who are currently or plan to carry out lung nodule resection using the fluorescent microscope watershed analysis method.

Neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer, significantly improving long-term survival compared to surgery alone. Neoadjuvant therapy has evolved to include various strategies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted combination therapy. This enriches clinical treatment options and provides a more personalized and scientific treatment approach for patients. This article aims to comprehensively summarize current academic research hot topics, review the rationale and evaluation measures of neoadjuvant therapy, discuss challenges in restaging methods after neoadjuvant therapy, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of various neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction on the clearance of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） and neuronal damage in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease （AD）. MethodsA total of 36 SPF-grade 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were used in this study， and the modeling was performed by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ oligomers in C57BL/6J mice. The experiment was conducted with a blank group， a sham operation group， a model group， low- and high-dose （3.27，6.54 g·kg^-1， respectively） Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction groups， and a positive control （donepezil hydrochloride， 0.65 mg·kg^-1） group. At the end of the drug intervention， the learning and memory abilities and the activities of mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze and open field tests. Brain histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Additionally， in vivo imaging was employed to measure the metabolism of fluorescent Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid， and staining of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 （Iba-1） was employed to assess microglial activation in the hippocampal tissue. Additionally， neurotrophin-3 （NT-3） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the brain tissue and serum were determined by the immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was conducted to determine the expression of inflammation and pathway-related proteins in the hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group and the sham operation group， the escape latency of the mice in the model group was prolonged， the platform residence time was shortened， the hippocampal tissue showed pathological manifestations such as neuronal pyknosis， Nissl body dissolution， and microglia activation. The metabolic rate of fluorescent Aβ through cerebrospinal fluid was slowed down， and the expression levels of BDNF， NT-3， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） and phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor-κB （p-NF-κB p65） in hippocampus were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the escape latency of mice in the low and high dose groups of Chinese medicine and donepezil group was shortened， and the platform residence time was prolonged. Neuronal karyopyknosis， Nissl body dissolution and microglia activation in hippocampus were improved. Fluorescence Aβ was metabolized faster by cerebrospinal fluid. The expression of BDNF and NT-3 in hippocampus was increased （P<0.01）， and the expression of TLR4， MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus of the high-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the expression of IL-10 was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The expression of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampus of the donepezil group was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionShenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction may mitigate neuronal damage and enhance cerebrospinal fluid flow in the mouse model of AD， thereby promoting the clearance of Aβ and improving the learning and memory abilities. These beneficial effects are likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial activation， reduction of inflammation， and modulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction on the clearance of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） and neuronal damage in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease （AD）. MethodsA total of 36 SPF-grade 2-month-old C57BL/6J mice were used in this study， and the modeling was performed by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ oligomers in C57BL/6J mice. The experiment was conducted with a blank group， a sham operation group， a model group， low- and high-dose （3.27，6.54 g·kg^-1， respectively） Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction groups， and a positive control （donepezil hydrochloride， 0.65 mg·kg^-1） group. At the end of the drug intervention， the learning and memory abilities and the activities of mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze and open field tests. Brain histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Additionally， in vivo imaging was employed to measure the metabolism of fluorescent Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid， and staining of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 （Iba-1） was employed to assess microglial activation in the hippocampal tissue. Additionally， neurotrophin-3 （NT-3） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the brain tissue and serum were determined by the immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was conducted to determine the expression of inflammation and pathway-related proteins in the hippocampal tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group and the sham operation group， the escape latency of the mice in the model group was prolonged， the platform residence time was shortened， the hippocampal tissue showed pathological manifestations such as neuronal pyknosis， Nissl body dissolution， and microglia activation. The metabolic rate of fluorescent Aβ through cerebrospinal fluid was slowed down， and the expression levels of BDNF， NT-3， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） and phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor-κB （p-NF-κB p65） in hippocampus were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the escape latency of mice in the low and high dose groups of Chinese medicine and donepezil group was shortened， and the platform residence time was prolonged. Neuronal karyopyknosis， Nissl body dissolution and microglia activation in hippocampus were improved. Fluorescence Aβ was metabolized faster by cerebrospinal fluid. The expression of BDNF and NT-3 in hippocampus was increased （P<0.01）， and the expression of TLR4， MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus of the high-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the expression of IL-10 was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The expression of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β in the hippocampus of the donepezil group was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionShenxiong Huanglian Jiedu decoction may mitigate neuronal damage and enhance cerebrospinal fluid flow in the mouse model of AD， thereby promoting the clearance of Aβ and improving the learning and memory abilities. These beneficial effects are likely mediated through the inhibition of microglial activation， reduction of inflammation， and modulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The analysis presented here is based on the blood components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets, the key anti-atherosclerosis pathway of Guanxin Qiwei tablets was screened by network pharmacology, and the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of Guanxin Qiwei tablets was clarified and verified by cell experiments. HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS technique was used to analyze the components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets into blood, to determine the precise mass charge ratio of the compounds, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the components by using secondary mass spectrometry fragments and literature comparison. Finally, a total of 42 components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets into blood were identified. To better understand the interactions, we employed the Swiss Target Prediction database to predict the associated targets. Atherosclerosis (AS) disease targets were searched in disease databases Genecard, OMIM and Disgent, and 181 intersection targets of disease targets and component targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0 software. Protein interactions were analyzed by String database. The 32 core targets were selected by Cytscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed in DAVID database. It was found that the anti-atherosclerosis pathways of Guanxin Qiwei tablets mainly include lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signal pathways. The core targets and the core compounds were interlinked, and it was found that cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA in Guanxin Qiwei tablets were well bound to TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, PTG2 and other targets. The lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic pathway was verified using human hl-7702 hepatocytes. This study preliminarily identified the potential pharmacodynamic components of Guanxin Qiwei tablets in the treatment of AS diseases and predicted their pathways of action, and verified the relationship between regulating lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis of Guanxin Qiwei tablets in vitro, providing a reference for the further study of the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of this prescription. This experiment was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University (No. YKD202401262).

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+lOL)has become the main treatment for cataracts due to small incision and fast recovery. Phacoemulsification can damage the conjunctiva, cornea and other ocular surface tissues, causing local inflammation, which in turn leads to eye dryness and discomfort after surgery. According to studies, patients who suffer from phacoemulsification most experience dry eye syndrome within 24 h, which gradually worsens and reaches its peak in the following 1 wk, seriously affecting their quality of life. The review aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of preoperative patient physical conditions and local ocular status, intraoperative maneuvers and postoperative treatments on postoperative dry eye, with the expectation of formulating scientific and effective preventive measures for potential dry eye patients after phacoemulsification, and providing a theoretical basis for postoperative dry eye treatment.

Objective: To investigate the intentions of mothers of ageappropriate girls in Qingdao to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus (HPV), so as to provide theoretical guidance for targeted health education in the future. Methods: A multistage random sampling method was adopted to conduct a crosssectional study among 2 244 mothers of girls aged 12-14 years in Qingdao from March to December 2023. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, and Logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors that influenced maternal intention to vaccinate their ageappropriate daughters against HPV. Results: Among the surveyed mothers, 89.22% (n=2 002) intended to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and 68.58% (n=1 539) had fully vaccinated or had plans to complete it for themselves. The knowledge score of mothers intended to vaccinate their daughters was 10 (8, 11). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers aged >45 years (OR=0.19), those with an annual family income of 60 000-<150 000 yuan (OR=0.65), 150 000-<300 000 yuan (OR=0.58), 300 000-500 000 yuan (OR=0.22), and those with higher knowledge scores (OR=0.90) were more likely to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). Mothers with a junior college or undergraduate degree (OR=1.66), those who never or occasionally screened for HPV (OR=1.58), those who were intended to be vaccinated, not planning to complete the fullcourse vaccination, or overaged and unvaccinated (OR=7.13), those who were not concerned about their daughters HPV infection (OR=2.54), and those whose daughters were not in adolescence (OR=1.93) were less intended to vaccinate their daughters (P<0.05). The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccine safety concerns (65.06%), followed by the belief of mothers that "the children is to young, and can be vaccinated when they are older" (13.25%). Conclusions Mothers of eligible girls in Qingdao have relatively higher intentions to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, and willingness is influenced by factors such as the mothers vaccination status, knowledge level, and daughters development stage. It is recommended to strengthen targeted health education, improve the cognitive level and acceptance of mother, and increase the vaccination rate of HPV vaccines.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨健脾复胃颗粒（JPFWG）通过调控IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路对胃癌前病变（PLGC）大鼠胃黏膜损伤的干预效果及其作用机制。方法：采用MNNG联合复合因素造模法建立PLGC模型大鼠，随机分为6组（20只/组）：空白组（未处理）、模型组（给予生理盐水）、维酶素组（0.05 g/mL维酶素）、JPFWG低剂量组（JPFWG-L，0.088 g/mL）、JPFWG中剂量组（JPFWG-M，0.176 g/mL）、JPFWG高剂量组（JPFWG-H，0.351 g/mL）。各治疗组大鼠分别给予相应药物处理12周后，麻醉处死动物并取胃组织标本。采用H-E染色法观察胃黏膜的病理变化，通过免疫组化、qPCR和WB法检测胃黏膜组织中IL-6介导的JAK/STAT3信号通路相关因子（包括IL-6、JAK、STAT3）及其下游靶基因c-Myc、cyclin D1的 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果：与模型组相比，维酶素组和JPFWG-L、JPFWG-M、JPFWG-H组大鼠胃黏膜炎性细胞浸润均减少，病理状态改善以JPFWG-H组最明显；IL-6、JAK1、STAT3蛋白表达显著降低（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）；维酶素组和JPFWG-H组大鼠胃黏膜组织中c-Myc、cyclin D1的 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著降低（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论：JPFWG能够改善PLGC大鼠胃黏膜的组织病理变化，其机制可能是通过调控IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路，进而下调c-Myc、cyclin D1的表达，从而阻断炎-癌转化过程。

Membrane proteins are integral components of cellular membranes, accounting for approximately 30% of the mammalian proteome and serving as targets for 60% of FDA-approved drugs. They are critical to both physiological functions and disease mechanisms. Their functional protein-protein interactions form the basis for many physiological processes, such as signal transduction, material transport, and cell communication. Membrane protein interactions are characterized by membrane environment dependence, spatial asymmetry, weak interaction strength, high dynamics, and a variety of interaction sites. Therefore, in situ analysis is essential for revealing the structural basis and kinetics of these proteins. This paper introduces currently available in situ analytical techniques for studying membrane protein interactions and evaluates the characteristics of each. These techniques are divided into two categories: label-based techniques (e.g., co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, resonance energy transfer, and proximity labeling) and label-free techniques (e.g., cryo-electron tomography, in situ cross-linking mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and structure prediction tools). Each technique is critically assessed in terms of its historical development, strengths, and limitations. Based on the authors’ relevant research, the paper further discusses the key issues and trends in the application of these techniques, providing valuable references for the field of membrane protein research. Label-based techniques rely on molecular tags or antibodies to detect proximity or interactions, offering high specificity and adaptability for dynamic studies. For instance, proximity ligation assay combines the specificity of antibodies with the sensitivity of PCR amplification, while proximity labeling enables spatial mapping of interactomes. Conversely, label-free techniques, such as cryo-electron tomography, provide near-native structural insights, and Raman spectroscopy directly probes molecular interactions without perturbing the membrane environment. Despite advancements, these methods face several universal challenges: (1) indirect detection, relying on proximity or tagged proxies rather than direct interaction measurement; (2) limited capacity for continuous dynamic monitoring in live cells; and (3) potential artificial influences introduced by labeling or sample preparation, which may alter native conformations. Emerging trends emphasize the multimodal integration of complementary techniques to overcome individual limitations. For example, combining in situ cross-linking mass spectrometry with proximity labeling enhances both spatial resolution and interaction coverage, enabling high-throughput subcellular interactome mapping. Similarly, coupling fluorescence resonance energy transfer with nuclear magnetic resonance and artificial intelligence (AI) simulations integrates dynamic structural data, atomic-level details, and predictive modeling for holistic insights. Advances in AI, exemplified by AlphaFold’s ability to predict interaction interfaces, further augment experimental data, accelerating structure-function analyses. Future developments in cryo-electron microscopy, super-resolution imaging, and machine learning are poised to refine spatiotemporal resolution and scalability. In conclusion, in situ analysis of membrane protein interactions remains indispensable for deciphering their roles in health and disease. While current technologies have significantly advanced our understanding, persistent gaps highlight the need for innovative, integrative approaches. By synergizing experimental and computational tools, researchers can achieve multiscale, real-time, and perturbation-free analyses, ultimately unraveling the dynamic complexity of membrane protein networks and driving therapeutic discovery.