BACKGROUND:Taurine is an important non-enzymatic system antioxidant in the lens.The mechanism of its anti-oxidative effect is mainly to protect lens from oxidative injury by anti-lipid peroxidation.OBJECTIVE:This study was to observe the effect of exogenous taurine on lens epithefial cell apoptosis-induced by H2O2 in vitro.DESIGN:A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.MATERIALS:Seventy-five adult New Zealand standard tabbits,of either gender,weighing 1.5-2.5 kg,were provided by Qingdao Laboratory Animal Center.Reagent kit for in situ detecting cell apoptosis(Sigma Company,USA),taurine and H2O2(Shanghai Guangda Chemical Reagent Factory,China)were included in this study.METHODS:This study was performed in the Department of Ophthalmology and Central Laboratory.Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College from Mav 2005 to June 2007.Rabbit lenses were harvested and randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium which was renewed every 24 hours,H2O2 group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 with addition of 62 μL H202(30 g/L)every 6 hours,and H2O2+taurine group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 and 10 g/L taurine.which was renewed every 6 hours.The protocol was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Observation of lens opacity 6.12,24.48 and 72 hours after culture;Lens epithelial cell apoptosis determined by DNA in situ end labeling and DNA fragment analysis.RESULTS:Lens opacity:The lens opacity in the H2O2 group was aggregrated gradually along with the time of oxidative injury.The lens opacity in the H2O2 group was severer than that in the H2O2+taurine group.Lens epithelial cell apoptosis:There were no apoptotic cells in the control group within 72 hours.The number of apoptotic cells in the H2O2 group was increased gradually with the prolonged time of oxidative injury.Till the 72nd hour,the cells were all tamed into apoptotic cells.A few aopototic celIs were found in the H2O2+taurine group since hour 24,and then were more and more,and the number of apoptotic cells accounted for about 30%at hour 72.The apoptotic rate in the H202+taurine group was significantly lower than that in the H2O group at each time point(q=8.6845,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate between the H202+taurine group and the control group (P＞0.05). Findings of DNA fragmentation assay:The DNA"ladder"was found in the H2O2 group at hours 24,36,48 and 72,while no DNA"ladder"but only normal electrophoresis straps were present in the other two groups 24 hours after culture.CONCLUSION:Taurine can inhibit the oxidative injury-induced apoptosis of rabbit lens epithelial cells,and alleviate lens opacity.

Objective To study the effect of chronic low dose soman on learning and memory and long term potentiation(LTP) of hippocampal slices. Methods Rat model was established by consecutive subcutaneous injection of soman(6-10 ?g?kg 1 , s. c, sig?14) for 14 days for Morris water maze test. Long term potential of synaptic transmission was observed in CA1 region by tetanization of the Schaffer commissural pathway in rat hippocampal slices. Results In the Morris water maze, latency to find a hidden platform was longer and the times of crossing the situation of platform and the time percent of swimming in northeast obviously decreased. In the experiment on hippocampal slice of rats in vitro by microelectrode method, the generation of long term potentiation was inhibited. Conclusion Chronic low dose soman may cause an evident learning and memory disturbance and decrease hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

Objective To enhance the function of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and the efficiency of medical imaging by adjusting dataflow. Methods About 9500 examinations consecutive data in July of 2003 were analysed and and followed. The dataflow was adjusted by adding digital radiology servers and temporal servers. Results The network bottleneck was resolved and the system load balanced, then the function of the system was enhanced. The secure running of the system was ensured in condition of urgency or increasing of patients and image data. Conclusion Adjustment of dataflow in PACS makes full use of all resources, reduces unnecessary time-wasting , further improves the working efficiency in our department.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenfu Injection (SI)on adriamycin(ADR)-induced calcium overload in myocardial cells of rats.Methods SD rats were randomized into normal group, saline group, ADR group, ADR+saline group, low-, middle-and high-dosage SI groups (treated with SI 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2gkg-1d-1). Except the normal and saline groups, the rats in other groups were given ADR injection. Meanwhile,SI groups received treatment of SI for two weeks. Three weeks after modeling, the single myocardial cells were isolated. The free Ca2+ concentration was detected by ionic imaging method, and the ionic current through L-type calcium channel in cellular membrane was observed by patch clamp technique.Results The free Ca2+ concentration, the mean open probability of L-type calcium channel in cellular membrane and the mean ionic current through L-type calcium channel were increased in ADR group (P0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of SI counteracting the ADR-induced calcium overload in myocardial cells may be related with preventing external calcium from entering the cells,and with inhibiting the release of internal calcium.

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear now. lt is usually appearing in adult period and predominant in females. The symptoms are typically triggered by stress, fatigue, intense light or individual factors. At advanced stages patients develop functional blindness. At present the main treatments include: botulinum toxin ( BTX ) , surgical procedures, systemic and ocular drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. BTX administration has been an effective treatment. Surgical procedures have good effect but should be limited to the rare patients that do not respond to botulinum toxin treatment. A great variety of drugs have poor results. Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms. The epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment system were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To study the relationship between glycemic control and platelet parameters in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Ninety patients newly diagnosed as type 2 diabetes and 90 healthy people were enrolled into the study. Their blood pressure, platelet parameters, including blood platelets count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), fasting blood glucose (FPG),HbA1c ,triglyceride ( TG ), total cholesterol ( TC ), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C ), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were examined and the data were analyzed. Results The level of FBG, TG, TC,MPV and PDW of patients newly diagnosed as type 2 diabetic were significantly higher than those of healthy people (t =6. 405,2. 069,2. 633,2. 178,2. 103 ;P =0. 001,0. 046,0. 010,0. 031 and 0. 043 respectively); The level of FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, MPV and PDW in the diabetic patients, with their HbA1 c ＞ 7%, were significantly higher than the patients with HbA1c ≤ 7 % ( t = 5.691,2.013,2. 345,3. 467,4. 016,2. 893, P = 0. 001, 0. 038,0. 029,0. 013, 0. 004, 0. 026 ). There were positive correlations between MPV and HbA1c ( r = 0. 389 P =0. 020), MPV and PDW ( r = 0. 324 P = 0. 01 ) in diabetic patients, but no correlation between MPV and FBG,MPV and Systolic BP or MPV and Diastolic BP (Ps ＞ 0. 05 ). The level of FBG, HbA1c, TG, MPV and PDW decreased significantly in the diabetic patients with HbA1c ＞ 7% after treatment (t = 5. 591,2. 301,2. 410,2.204,2.105; P=0.001,0.031,0.023,0.035,0.041, respectively).Conclusion The platelet activity enhanced in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, platelet activity can be recovered through glycemic control,which may prevent the role of platelet in diabetes complications in these patients.

Objective To investigate the association of duration of untreated psychosis(DUP) and the gray matter volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 39 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups according to DUP:long-DUP group and short-DUP group.All the subjects underwent T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging.After transformed with MRIcro software,all the images underwent standardization,segmentation,modulation and smoothing with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) software.The gray matter volumes of the two groups underwent two-sample t-test with a Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)using SPM5 software.Results Long-DUP schizophrenic patients presented significantly reduced GM volume in the left thalamus(MNI:-6,-16,2;cluster=141 voxels)and the left temporal lobe(MNI:-46,-58,-6;cluster=69 Voxels),compared with short-DUP schizophrenic patients.Conclusion Delayed DUP may increase the loss of gray matter in schizophrenia.

Objective: To observe the effect of amlodipine on bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization, neo-vascularization and cardiac function in diabetic rats after myocardial infarction (MI) with the possible mechanisms.
Methods: A total of 60 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups. Normal group, n=20. Diabetic group, n=40, the rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then received streptozotocin followed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to establish MI model, those rats were further divided into 2 sub-groups:Control group, the rats received sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1 ml/day with HFD and Treatment group, the rats received amlodipine 2 mg/kg/day with HFD, n=20 in each sub-group, all animals were treated for 4 weeks. The EPC level in peripheral blood CD45-/low+/CD133+/KDR+ at before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 days after operation were examined by lfow cytometry, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was measured by ELISA, capillary density in MI area was determined by CD31 staining, EPC related protein expressions were detected by western blot analysis and the cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.
Results: EPC in CD45-/low+/CD133+/KDR+in Treatment group at 7 days after operation was increased than Control group at 5 days after operation (112 ± 30/106) vs (55 ± 10/106), plasma VEGF in Treatment group was higher than Control group (5.63 ± 1.33) ng/L vs (3.68 ± 0.98) ng/L; Treatment group presented increased expressions of protein kinase B, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and matrix metallopeptidase-9, increased capillary density in MI area, higher LVEF and left ventricular fractional shorting, all P<0.05-0.01.
Conclusion: Amlodipine improves EPC mobilization, neo-vascularization and cardiac function in diabetic-MI rats, it may be related to VEGF/eNOS cascade activation.

Objective To study the influence of Annao tablet on the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) murine and to explore the interventional mechanism of TGF-β1 on aGVHD. Methods Hematopoietic stem cells of male Balb/c mice were transplanted to female C57BL/6 mice for the development of aGVHD murine model. Recipient mice were divided into Annao group and blank group randomly and respectively administrated with Annao soup (a kind of Chinese herb) and 0.9% sodium chloride intragastrically. Clinical symptom, survival time and body weight were recorded at 14th and 30th day and some sections of liver, small bowel and skin were taken for histological changes. Serum level of TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA), splenocyte protein of TGF-β1 by Western Blot and TGF-β1 mRNA by fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Serum level of TGF-β1 in both groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.305), but it rose to (148.31 ± 7.95) ng/mL at 14th day and (183.48 ± 5.91) ng/mL at 30th day in Annao group, which had significant difference when compared with that in blank group (P = 0.000). IOD/IODβ-actin value of TGF-β1 protein in Annao group was 0.33 ± 0.05 at 14th day and 0.56 ± 0.04 at 30th day, which was higher than that in blank group (P = 0.000) and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA of splenocyte in Annao group was 1.24 ± 0.04 at 14th day and 2.14 ± 0.33 at 30th day which was much higher than that in blank group (P = 0.000). Conclusion Annao tablet helps to relieve symptoms of acute GVHD by raising serum level of TGF-β1 and intensifying expression of protein of TGF-β1 and its mRNA.

A procedure for the preparation of PCR template from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using boiling method is described,and arg-13 gene from low copy ARSCEN plasmid and ymc1 gene from genomic DNA are amplified with high efficiency respectively.