Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage

Objective To explore the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on cell multiplication and apoptosis at exposure coverage and marginal zone and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis of subcutaneous neurogliocytoma in nude mice. Methods Eighteen nude mice bearing subcutaneous human neurogliocytoma were consecutively ablated in 20s by an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and focal intensity 2500W/cm2). The 18 nude mice were randomly di?vided into 7 d group,14 d group and 30 d group according to sacrifice date. Immunohistochemical method, TdT-mediat?ed dUTP nick end labeling method were used to examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and prolifer?ating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone, respectively. Results The expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evident at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone in 7, 14 and 30 days after ablation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis were absent at exposure coverage in 7,14 and 30 days after ablation. The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (23.79%± 3.11% vs. 46.16%± 2.43%) in 7 d after ablation (F=110.03,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was also lower (10.94%±3.95%) in exposure coverage than in normal zone (46.16%±2.43%) in 7 d af?ter ablation (F=272.80,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (17.17%±2.89%vs. 43.47%±3.77%) in 14 d after ablation (F=152.05,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (9.27%± 2.08%vs. 44.58%± 3.34%) in 30 d after ablation (F=274.1,P<0.05 2). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index(PCNA LI) was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone ((33.04%±4.31%vs. 65.15%±3.85%) in 7 d after ablation (F=242.46, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (21.05%± 1.96%vs. 62.99%± 3.34%) in 14 d after ablation (F=413.52, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (6.36%± 0.51% vs. 62.07%± 18.07%) in 30 d after ablation, (F=729.59, P<0.05) .The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (26.10%±4.54%vs. 1.43%±0.35%) in 7 d after ablation, (F=216.22, P<0.05). The apoptotic index(AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (65.70%± 1.14% vs. 1.82%± 0.31%) in 14d after ablation (F=1448.64, P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (82.02%± 3.98% vs. 2.52%± 0.29%) in 30d after ablation (F=2244.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and fo?cal intensity 2500W/cm2) can completely ablate neurogliocytoma at exposure coverage and inhibit the proliferation of neurogliocytoma at marginal zone. Thus, HIFU may be a new and selective treatment for neurogliocytoma.

Objective To explore the relationships between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene G196A polymorphisms and psychopathology and the cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.Methods 224 patients and 220 normal controls were examined with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining to determine genotype and allele of G196A.Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).Cognitive function was assessed with Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and Trail Making Test(CPT).To analyse the differences of the scores of Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) among the patients with the genotype G/G,G/A and A/A.At the same time,the differences of the performance of WCST and CPT were analyzed.Results ①There were no significant differences of the genotypes G/G,G/A and A/A and allele G and A between patients and controls.②There were significant differences of the genotypes A/A between patients with Positive Symptoms and patients with Negative Symptoms (x2 =4.558,P ＜ 0.05).③There were no significant differences in the performances of complete categorizations and persistent wrong numbers of WCST and the performances of CPT among three groups of patients with genotype G/G,G/A and A/A (One-Way ANOVA,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BDNF gene G196A polymorphisms are not associated with schizophrenia and the cognitive function but are associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

342 ?mol/L and ≤342 ?mol/L, the incidence of total complications increased evidently (P

Objective To investigate the impact of early enteral nutrition on the prognosis of severe head injury patients.Methods According to the different nutritional therapy,160 cases of severe craniocerebral injury patients were randomly divided into two groups using random digit.Two groups of patients were all given similarly conventional methods,the observation group were given early enteral nutrition therapy,the control group were given routine nutrition.CD3+,CD4+,IgE,IgG immune factors were observed after treatment for 10d.Results 10d later,the serum IgG,IgM,IgA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the conventional nutrition group(t =2.18,3.42,11.23,all P ＜ 0.05),IgE was significantly lower than that in the conventional nutrition group (t =4.76,P ＜ 0.05) ;The serum T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ level in the observation group were higher than those in the conventional nutrition group(t =21.41,5.38,all P ＜ 0.05),the incidence of complications of the observation group was 23.75%,which was significantly lower than 55.00% in the conventional nutrition group(x2 =4.73,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition therapy can significantly improve the immunity of severe head injury patients,reduce complications,thereby improve the prognosis and the patient's quality of life.

The objective of the study was to prepare and evaluate the quality of curcumin-piperinedual drug loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(Cur-PIP-SMEDDS). Simplex lattice design was constructed using optimal oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration as independent variables, and the curcumin and piperine were used as model drugs to optimize Cur-PIP-SMEDDS formulation. In the present study, the drug loadings of curcumin and piperine, mean particle size of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS were made as indicators, and the experiment design, model building and response surface analysis were established using Design Expert 8. 06 software to optimize and verify the composition of SMEDDS formulation. The quality of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was evaluated by observing the appearance status, transmission electron microscope micrographs and determining particle diameter, electric potential, drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it. As a result, the optimal formulation of SMEDDS was CapryoL 90-Cremophor RH40-TranscutoL HP (10:60:30). The appearance of Cur-PIP-SMEDDS remained clarified and transparent, and the microemulsion droplets appeared spherical without aggregation with uniform particle size distribution. The mean size of microemulsion droplet formed from Cur-PIP-SMEDDS was 15.33 nm, the drug loading of SMEDDS for Cur and PIP were 40.90 mg · g(-1) and 0.97 mg · g(-1), respectively, the drug entrapment efficiency were 94.98% and 90.96%, respectively. The results show that Cur-PIP-SMEDDS can increase the solubility and stability of curcumin significantly, in the expectation of enhancing the bioavailability of it. Taken together, these findings can provide the reference to a preferable choice of the Cur formulation and contribute to therapeutic application in clinical research.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Benzodioxoles ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Curcumin ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Methylmethacrylates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Piperidines ; chemistry ; Polystyrenes ; chemistry ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; chemistry

Objective To explore the association between disrupted in schizophrenia 1(DISC1) genepolymorphism and schizophrenia and different subtype depression.To verify if DISC1 gene is the common predisposing gene for schizophrenia and depression.Methods The genotypes and alleles in 260 cases of schizophrenicpatients,96 cases of depressive patients with psychotic symptoms,124 cases of depressive patients without psychotic symptoms,and 100 normal controls were examined with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel elcctmphoresis separation technique.The association was analyzed between DISC1 gene single nncleotide polymorphisms(SNP) locus rs821616 and schizophrenia and different subtype depression.Results The frequeneies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 3.5%,28.0%and 69.5%respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 9.6%and 90.4% respectively in schizophrenia group.The frequencies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 3.1%,24.0% and 72.9% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 15.6% and84.4% respectively in depression 1 group;The frequencies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 2.4%,23.4% and 74.2% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 15.3% and 84.7% respectively in depression 2 group;The frequencies ofthe genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 1.0%,16.0% and 83.0% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 17.0% and 83.0% respectively in control group.There were significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes (Chi-Square=8.072,P=0.045)and alleles(Chi-Square=8.564,P=0.036) of DISC1 gene among the four groups with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.After pairwisecomparison each other in the four groups we found that there were significant differences in the frequencies of thegenotypes(Z=-2.802,P=0.005)and alleles(Z=-2.837,P=0.005) of DISC1 gene between patients withschizophrenia and normal controls with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test(two-tailed),there were no significantdifferences between other groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Our results suggest that DISC1 gene polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia significantly,but it is not associated with different subtype depression.This finding do not support the viewpoint that DISC1 gene is the common predisposing gene for schizophrenia and depression.

AIM: To study the causes of pyogenic granuloma after hydroxyapatite(HA) orbital implants.METHODS: HA orbital implants (250 cases) in our hospital (68 pegged implants) were reviewed.All patients were followed up from 18 months to 10 years. Implants were removed after medical therapy which was proved to be ineffective.RESULTS: Ten of 250 cases of HA orbital implants developed pyogenic granuloma. Pyogenic granuloma occurred in 1 unpegged implants patient and 9 patients after pegging and drilling of HA implantation over 4～7 years. The pyogenic granulomas were not controlled by medical therapy effectively. Implants were removed in 9 cases except 1 case denied removing and continued medical therapy.CONCLUSION: Pyogenic granuloma was serious complication that occurred after HA orbital implants. Partial vascularization, implant exposure, xenogenic sclera implant, pegging and drilling of HA implantation are risk factors that affect the development of pyogenic granuloma.Pyogenic granuloma hasn't relation with implanted peg material. Pyogenic granuloma denotes the potential implant infection, and all implants should be removed finally.

Background and purpose: L-asparaginase (L-Asp) is an important drug in the treatment of childhood lymphoid neoplasms at present, but a lot of adverse reactions of L-Asp were observed. Pegasparaginase (PEG-Asp) is available in China in recent years. This study aimed to explore efifcacy and side-effect of PEG-Asp as ifrst-line treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). Methods:A total number of 211 ALL or LBL patients were treated with CCLG 2008 or BFM-90 protocol with PEG-Asp or L-Asp between Apr. 2008 and Mar. 2013;42 patients, among whom, were 35 ALL patients and 7 LBL patients, were treated with PEG-Asp as ifrst-line treatment;169 patients were treated with L-Asp as ifrst-line treatment (including 53 patients treated with L-Asp during induction protocol; with PEG-Asp during consolidate protocol). The clinical outcome and adverse reaction of PEG-Asp with L-Asp were observe and compared. Results: There were 35 ALL patients in PEG-Asp ifrst-line treatment group and the complete remission rate after 1 course of PEG-Asp was 97.1%,however, which was 83.3%of high risk ALL patients. The complete remission rate of 7 LBL patients of PEG-Asp ifrst-line treatment group was 57.1%. There was no signiifcant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Thirty-four patients relapsed including 5 patients of PEG-Asp ifrst-line treatment group, 16 patients of L-Asp ifrst-line treatment group and 13 patients treated with L-Asp during induction protocol and with PEG-Asp during consolidate protocol. Thirty-one patients died including 3, 18, 10 patients in 3 groups respectively. Twenty-two patients died of relapse, 4 died without remission, 5 died of complications. There was also no signiifcant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). The incidence rates of adverse reactions were 47.6% and 63.3% respectively. Anaphylaxis, liver functions abnormalities, blood coagulation abnormalities, gastrointestinal reaction, hyperglycemia and pancreatitis were common in our patients. The incidence rate of anaphylaxis in PEG-Asp as ifrst-line treatment group was lower than other groups (P=0.03). But there was no signiifcant difference been observed in the incidence of other adverse reaction. Conclusion: The short-term efifcacy of PEG-Asp as the ifrst-line treatment in childhood leukemia and lymphoma was satisfactory and the incidence rate of anaphylaxis was lower. However, we will still pay much attention to adverse reaction monitoring of PEG-Asp.

Objective To evaluate and compare the curative effect between the microinvasive craniopuncture therapy and the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap in treating patients with moderate cerebral hemorrhage (30-60 ml)in the basal ganglion part of the brain. Methods Ninety-five patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into treatment group (microinvasive craniopuncture therapy) and control group (the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap). The main indexes of evaluation were the neurological impairment degree (NID) on the 14th day after treatment, activities of daily living (ADL) by the end of the third month, the incidence rate of complications, and the case fatality during 3 months. Results On the 14th day after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the NID and the ADL of patients. The incidence rate of respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, electrolyte disorder in treatment group [16.33% (8/49), 6.12% (3/49), 6.12% (3/49), respectively] was significantly reduced than those of control group [56.52% (26/46), 21.74%(10/46), 21.74% (10/46),respectively] during hospitalization (P < 0.05). By the end of the third month, there was significant difference in favorable outcomes (Barthel index 95-100) (χ~2 = 18.7524,P =0.0009) and in improving the ADL (MRS)(t =5.2723,P =0.0001) between the two groups [39.13% (18/46), 4.65% (2/43),respectively]. In ease fatality, there was no significant difference between the two groups [6.12% (3/49),6.52% (3/46),respectively]. Conclusion As compared with the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap, the microinvasive craniopuncture therapy can remarkably reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the ADL of patients with moderate cerebral hemorrhage (30-60 ml) in the basal ganglion, and decrease disability without increasing fatality.