Dual material gate SOI MOSFET with asymmetrical halo can suppress short channel effect and increase carriers transport efficiency. The analytical model of its subthreshold drain current is derived based on the explicit solution of two-dimensional Poisson's equation in the depletion region. The model takes into consideration the channel length modulation effect and the contribution of the back channel current component. Its validation is verified by comparision with two dimensional device simulator MEDICI.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine attenuates cytokine production and release induced by endotoxin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diazepam and ketamine on inflammatory responses during early stage of burn. Methods BALB/C male mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups : (1) normal control group (n = 10); (2) burn control group received Ⅲ degree bums covering 15%-20% of the body surface (n = 10); (3) D-K group received intramuscular diazepam 0.4mg?kg-1 and ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 ( n = 10); (4) D + K pretreatment group received D + K 15 min before burn ( n = 10) and (5) D + K post-treatment group received D + K 15 min after burn ( n = 10) . Four hours after burn or anesthesia (D + K) the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for determination of serum TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (ELISA) and peritoneal macrophages were isolated for detection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by Western blotting. In addition peritoneal macrophages isolated from normal animals (group 1) and bum animals (group 2) were cultured with diazepam-ketamine for 1 h befor detection of GR.Results Serum TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-10 levels in group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1. In group 4 and 5 serum TNF-?, IL-l? and IL-10 levels were significantly lower than those in group 2. In group 4 only serum IL-10 level whereas both serum IL-1? and IL-10 levels in group 5 were significantly higher than those in group 1. GR of peritoneal macrophage was significantly down regulated 4 h after bum (group 2) as compared with group 1. The level of GR in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 2 but not significantly different from that in group 1; whereas the GR level in group 5 was significantly higher than that in group 2 but lower than that in group 1 and 4. There was no significant difference in GR expression after macrophages were cultured in vitro with diazepam and ketamine between normal or bum groups. Conclusion Diazepam-ketamine pretreatment can suppress cytokine release induced by severe bum. The expression of GR in peritoneal macrophages is significantly reduced by bum. Diazepam-ketamine given before or after bum can suppress the inflammatory response but have no direct effect on peritoneal macrophages.

People departure from the treatment, prevention and health care purposes, intermittently or continuously excessive use of drugs with dependence, will cause serious mental and physical damage, while serious social harm.Opioids are the most commonly abused drug, abusers by taking an excess number of pills orally or by crushing the pills, followed by smoking, snorting, or injecting the new altered formulation to get euphoric.The escalating abuse of opioids has recently spawned the development of novel drug formulations resistant to various methods of tampering and misuse.This article discusses available opioids that include abuse-deterrent mechanisms as well as such agents currently in development.

Acute Disease ; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; Child ; Humans ; Male

Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Morphine ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction

Objective As estrogen increases visceral hypersensitivity induced by water avoidance stress in female rats,further experiment was designed to determine whether the influence of estrogen involves NR2B.Methods Healthy adult female Wistar rats were bilaterally ovariectomized,and then housed individually.Implantation of cannula into lateral cerebroventricle and electrodes into the abdominal muscle had been done.After 5 days recovery,rats with abnormal behavior and ehctromyography were excluded,finally a total of 48 rats were eligible,and were equipped for abdominal muscle electromyography and submitted to water avoidance stress(WAS).Visceromotor response(VMR)to 20,40,60 and 80 mmHg colorectal distension(CRD)was recorded in rats intracerebroventricular-infused with either 17β-estradiol,normal saline,AP5(NMDA receptor-antagonist)or Ro25-6981(NR2B antagonist).NR2B mRNA in anterior cingulate cortex or dorsal root ganglia were compared by real-time PCR between the rats treated with 17β-estradioI and that with normal saline.Results Bilaterally ovarieetomized rats treated with 17β-estradiol,exhibited more visceral hypersensitivity after WAS than that with normal saline on 40,60 and 80 mmHg CRD(P=0.039,P=0.033,P=O.001).The VMR on 40 and 60 mmHg CRD in 17β-estradiol treated group was not significantly different from that in 17β-estradiol plus Ro25-6981 treated group.Whilst,significant differences of VMR were noted between 17β-estradiol treated group and 17β-estradiol plus Ro25-6981 treated group on 80 mmHg CRD,17β-estradiol treated group and 17β-estradiol plus AP5 treated group on 60,80 nmmHg CRD,respectively.17β-estradiol increased NR2BmRNA in anterior cingulate cortex(0.57±0.41 vs 0.21±0.13,P=0.048),but not in dorsal root ganglia(0.35±0.45 vs 0.38±0.31,P=0.465). Stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in the hormonally-restored visceral hyper-responsiveness of bilaterally ovariectomized rats was antagonized by AP5 or Ro25-6981.Conclusions Estrogen may be mediated through NR2B activation to enhance visceral sensitivity in female stressed rats,that probably related with the increased expression of NR2B mRNA in anterior cingulate cortex.

Eighty-five endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots、stems and leaves of Polygala tenuifolia Willd, among which, fifty-two from natural plants and thirty-three from cultivated ones. Sev-enty-six strains were classified as twenty-three fungal genera. The inhibitory activity screening to fourteen microbe were conducted research. The results showed that some endophytic fungi had remarkble inhibitory activities to Bacillus subtilis, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Fusarium kyrushuense and they were all belonged to Fusarium, Alternaria, Aphanocladium respectively. All of the endophytic fungi isolated from Polygala tenuifolia showed no inhibitory activities to Staphyloccocus aureus, Salmonel-lae enteritis, Bibrio parahemolyticus.

Objective To observe the effect of Shengxian Decoction (Decoction for lifting the depressed organs) in the treatment of 38 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the TCM syndrome of qi deficiency of the lung and spleen. Methods Totally 68 patients were randomized into a control group (30 cases) treated by Duxil for oral taking and a treatment group (38 cases) treated by Duxil and Shengxian Decoction for 10 days. The changes in the symptom scores of both groups after treatment were observed. The polysomnogram (PSG) was applied before and after treatment to record the total sleep time,hypopnea total time,and average heart rate to calculate the times when oxygen saturation was less than 90% in each hour sleep time,the total continuous time when oxygen saturation was less than 90% in the whole night,apnea-hypopnea index (AHI),and hypopnea index (HI). Results After treatment,the main symptoms in the treatment group were significantly improved (P

0.05).Conclusion Imipenem and meropenem is effective and safe for the treatment of bacterial infection in spontaneous bacterical peritonitis patients.The average time of abatement of fever and treatment time in imipenem groups was shorter than than of meropenem groups.

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of orbit primary liposarcoma. METHODS: By means of histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies, the clinical and pathological features of two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were analyzed and compared with 6 cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma. RESULTS: Two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were young persons. The majority of cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma were aged over 40 years. The tumors were located at the retrobulbar region, and involved the wall of eyeball and optic nerve. The tumor cells of case 1 were round, with abundant eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, and there were lipoblasts in the tumor cells of two cases. Local recurrence following excision occurred in case 2.Immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein was positive in all cases, and CK (AE1/AE3), desmin, MyoD1, melanoma were negative. Ultrastructure observation showed lipid drops in the tumor cells in case 2 of orbit primary liposarcoma. CONCLUSION: Primary liposarcoma of the orbit may recur.The diagnosis was based on histological,ultrastruc-tural observation and immunohistochemical staining.