The use of optimal regulatory sequences for simultaneous expression of the transgenes might play a significant role in engineering plants with increased disease and insect resistance.The plant expression vector pOMS-GUS,which contained the GUS gene under the control of a chimeric promoter based upon the mannopine synthase(mas)promoter and the octopine synthase(ocs)enhancer,was constructed.Used as control,another vector pMAS-GUS,carried the GUS gene driven by only the mas promoter.The two vectors were introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Fluorometric assays for GUS activity and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis revealed that GUS gene expressed weakly with untreated transgenic tobacco while the level of GUS activity increased steadily after 1 h subjected to wounding.The expression of the mas and ocs/mas promoters was induced a further 1.8-fold and 5.7-fold,respectively.SA(1 mmol/L)or MJ(250 ?mol/L)treatment also caused a large induction of the ocs/mas chimeric promoter;And the application of SA in combination with MJ(1 mmol/LSA & 250 ?mol/L MJ)produced an additive effect that exceeded the wounding response.The results showed that the ocs/mas chimeric promoter is a strong inducible promoter that can be activated by various stresses.The chimeric promoter should have utility in development of disease and insect resistant transgenic crops.

0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between serum osteocalcin and ESR in female patients with RA aged less than 50 years (P

Objective To assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of FcεRIαgene and atopic dermatitis. Methods Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of 97 patients with atopic dermatitis and 283 normal human controls. The polymorphism at the distal promoter region of FcεRIα gene was determined by PCR-ligase detection reaction assay followed by gene sequencing. Results A G/T polymorphism was observed at position rs61828219 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene, while all the tested individuals were homozygous for T/T at position rs12135235 and A/A at position rs36233780 in the promoter region of FcεRIα gene. The mutation frequency at position rs61828219 was 1.04% and 2.17% in patients with AD and normal human controls, respectively (both P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions In the Chinese Han population, there is a G/T polymorphism at position rs61828219 in FcεRIα gene promoter region, which is unlikely related to the development of AD; however, no polymorphism is detected at position rs12135235 or rs36233780.

Objective To explore the distribution and correlation of gross motor function and manual ability in 4～12 year old children with cerebral palsy of different types. Methods 143 children with cerebral palsy (CP) were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. They were assessed with Chinese version of Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS） and Manual Ability Classification System （MACS）. Results The classification of GMFCS and MACS was Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 33 (60.0%) children with spastic diplegia; Ⅲ～Ⅴ in 28 (75.7%) children with spastic quadriplegia; Ⅰ in 21 (55.3%) children with spastic hemiplegia, and GMFCS Ⅱ in 2 children, MACS Ⅱ in 14 children. There was moderate correlation between GMFCS and MACS （r=0.67，P<0.05）. Conclusion GMFCS and MACS can be used to determine the gross motor function and manual ability in CP children of different types.

The article reviewed three aspects of hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke-introduction, rehabilitation nursing and prospect, in order to provide references for developing effective nursing interventions in the future. We obtained literature from the Cochrane Library, JBI Evidence-based Nursing, PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI Databases between January 2000 and May 2016. According to the principle of three relevant aspects, priority to latest five years and critical appraisal, 39 studies were included. Literature analysis showed that rehabilitation nursing mainly consists of position nursing, supportive devices using, manipulative care and psychological support. Also, it put forward that comprehensive rehabilitation nursing measures have become major means, the combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine is characteristic therapy in our nation, and nursing practice based on evidence should be set up early to relieve the symptom of hemiplegic shoulder pain and promote quality of life for stroke patients.

As one of the major geriatric syndromes,frailty exerts adverse effects on life expectancy and quality of life of the elderly.Because of its importance,a number of methods and tools have been introduced for the assessment of frailty.Malnutrition,as an independent risk factor,interacts with frailty and is involved in its progression.This article reviews recent studies on frailty and malnutrition.

Objective To screen the amyloid protein-β(Aβ)degradation-associated genes through peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC)-extracted gene microarray analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods PBMC were isolated from blood of elderly AD patients versus age-matched healthy individuals(control).The cDNA(mRNAs)were analyzed using gene microarray.And real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection and enzyme activity analysis were used to verify the primary outcome of gene chip.Results The expression of cathepsin D mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes was 104.70±15.96 in AD patients as compared with the control group 49.86±5.19,and the activity of cathepsin D was (22 620 ± 1 389) RFU in AD versus (32 210 ± 2 284) RFU in control (both P＜0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that the decreased levels of cathepsin D could be the stage markers related to the pathophysiology of AD process.Based on the microarray data,we select cathepsin D genes for further study.

Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology

The introduction of problem-based learning techniques into the teaching of anatomy has been subject to great contro- versies.This paper debates the rationale behind this concept using the example of the curriculum of Harvard Medical School.The anatomy curriculum is covered during the eight first weeks of the medical studies,and is an original combination of discussions of clinical cases in small groups,and work in gross anatomy,histology and radiology laboratories.The lectures are reduced to the minimum and emphasize general concepts.