Objective To investigate the protective role of senegenin(SEN)in the mouse ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods Mice were divided at random into control group(the ligature was placed but not ligated for 225 min),is-chemia-reperfusion model group(the anterior descending coronary artery remained ligated for 45 min and then reperfused for 180 min)and SEN treatment group(30 mg/kg SEN was used 10 min before reperfusion).The myocardial infarct size was meas-ured by using Evans blue-TTC staining.Fluorescence assay was employed to detect the activity of Caspase-1 2 and Caspase-3 to assess the myocardial apoptosis.Western blot was used to detect the expression of two endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers,GRP78 and CHOP,in infarcted myocardia.Results Compared with the control group,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased,the activities of Caspase-12 and Caspase-3 were increased by 4.71 fold and 3.37 fold,respectively,and the expression levels of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP were conspicuously elevated in the ischemia-reperfusion model group.Pretreatment with SEN(30 mg/kg)could significantly reduce the myocardial infarct size,the activities of Caspase-12 and Caspase-3 and the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP when compared with those in the ischemia-reperfusion model group and there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion SEN can protect against the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion inj ury by ameliorating ERS-mediated myocardial apoptosis in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the quality and the effectiveness of therapeutic studies on chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis published in Chinese journals by means of evidence-based medicine. Methods:Relevant papers were searched in Chinese Biological Medical Disc (CBMDisc)database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database. Papers using randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified and analyzed according to the international standards of evidence-based medicine. Results:There were totally 98 articles focusing on therapeutic studies of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and only 22 of them met RCT criteria. Study design, diagnostic standards, therapeutic effects and adverse effects decribed in those 22 papers were fully evaluated by means of evidence-based medicine. Conclusions:Research quality of the analyzed papers could not meet clinical needs and Meta analysis could not been done due to their low quantity and poor quality. However, as far as the published articles concerned, GM-CSF showed a good short-term treatment effect.

1.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotics are rationally used in pediatric outpatients in our hospital,but some attention should also be paid to their resistance.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of NKp44+NK cells in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods The proportions of NKp44+NK cells in the PB of 20 active and 15 remission patients with RA and 20 healthy individuals were detected using flow cytometry.The proportions of NKp44+NK cells in the SF of 10 active patients were detected.Multiple nonparametric test was used to compared the difference of NKp44+NK cells proportions.Clinical data including DAS28,anti-CCP antibody and RF were collected.The relationship between NKp44+NK cells and clinical data was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results The proportions of NKp44+NK cells in PB of active and remission patients and healthy individuals were (1.480±4.750)%,(0.540±0.590)%,(0.000±0.000)%respectively.The proportion of NKp44+NK cells in PB of active patients was significantly higher than that of remission patients and healthy individuals (x2=46.708,P=0.000).The proportion of NKp44+NK cells in the SF of ten active RA patients was significantly higher than matched PB.There was positive correlation between NKp44+NK cells proportion in PB and SF of active patients and DAS 28 and anti-CCP antibody level.There was no correlation between NKp44+NK cells proportion in PB,SF and RF.Conclusion There is a marked increase in the proportion of NKp44+NK cells in PB and SF of RA patients.Moreover,NKp44+NK cells are positively correlated with DAS28 and anti-CCP antibody,suggesting that NKp44+NK cells may be correlated with disease activity and severity.

Objective To investigate risk factors of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation in schizophrenia pa-tients treated with clozapine. Methods Two hundred and ten schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine were included in the study. Measurement of myocardial enzymes and electrocardiography were performed to determine QTc interval. QTc interval was calculated according to Bazett’s formula. Results QTc prolongation prevalence rate was 15.24%, The QTc prolongation prevalence rate was higher in female than in male (29.23%vs. 8.98%, P<0.001). The mean QTc inter-val was longer in female than in male [(427.30 ± 24.33)ms vs. (410.39 ± 25.80)ms, P<0.001]. The QTc interval showed weak positive correlation with age (r=0.203, P=0.003) and heart rate (r=0.326, P<0.001). There was no correlation be-tween QTc interval and clozapine dosage or therapy course (P>0.05). Multi-factors linear regression analysis showed that heart rate was related with QTc interval (β=0.719, standardizedβ=0.691, P=0.027). Conclusions QTc interval prolonga-tion prevalence rate is high in patients treated with clozapine. And increased heart rate might be risk factor of QTc inter-val prolongation.

Objective: To investigate the compounds of Gentianella acuta with strong protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells induced by H2O2. Methods: Damage model of PC12 cells was established by H2O2 and real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was utilized to evaluate the protective effect of extracts and compounds. Meanwhile, bioassay-guided method was applied to separating effective components, and HPLC was used for the determination and structure confirmation of compounds. Results: Fractions of n-butanol and acetic ether showed protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells induced by H2O2. The anti-oxidant activity of compounds 1 and 2 showed dose-dependent manner in the scope of 3.125-50.000 μmol/L, and the protective effect was the strongest at the concentration of 50.000 μmol/L. Compounds 3 and 5 showed the best protective effect at the concentration of 25.000 μmol/L and 3.125 μmol/L respectively. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 were identified as bellidifolin, demethylbellidifolin, swertianolin and norswertianolin, respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 show protective effect on oxidative damage in PC12 cells induced by H2O2, maybe the main active components in G. acuta. But the mechanism is still uncertain, and further exploration is imperative.

To study the identification of Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda with spectroscopy techniques, near infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry techniques were applied to study on the identification of 4 kinds of Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda, and characteristic spectrums obtained were systematically analyzed. In NIR study, the four species of Digeda exist some differences in 4 250-4 400 cm(-1) and 5 650-5 800 cm(-1) of one-dimensional spectra, and show significant differences in 4 100- 4 400 cm(-1), 4 401-4 900 cm(-1) and 5 400-5 800 cm(-1) of the second derivative spectra. DSC curves of them present distinct topological pattern, characteristic peak and peak temperature. Using near infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis can realize efficient and accurate identification of four kinds of Mongolian medicine Digeda, and provide scientific basis for the efficient and accurate identification of other Gentianaceae Mongolian medicine Digeda.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; methods ; China ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients in intensive care unit(ICU) and provide theoretical bases for rational usage of antibiotics.METHODS The distribution and drug resistance of 372 strains isolated from patients in ICU collected from Jul 2007 to Jun 2008 were investigated and studied retrospectively.RESULTS Among them,the Gram-negative bacilli covered 59.14 %,the Gram-positive cocci 28.49%,and the fungi covered 12.37%.Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Ancinetobacter were the main Gram-negative bacilli.Staphylococcus aureus,coagulation-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were the main Gram-positive cocci.The resistance rate of P.aeruginosa,S.maltophilia and Acinetobacter to imipenem was over 10%,and the S.maltophilia was 96.7%,the resistance rate of three main Gram-positive cocci to vancomycin and teicoplanin was zero,and the isolated bacteria showed serious multidrug-resistance.CONCLUSIONS Periodic monitoring should be done to learn the drug resistance and bacterial distribution in ICU in order to rationally use antibiotics to avoid the generation of new drug resistant strains and control the infection of patients in ICU.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of antibiotics resistance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients′s sputum in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008,and offer basis for prevention of clinical infection and the reasonable use of drugs.METHODS The culture,identification and sensitivity to antibiotics of P.aeruginosa from the clinical sputum specimens were analyzed using USA VITEK-32 system.RESULTS Totally 196 strains of P.aeruginosa were isolated and characterized during the three years.The rates of resistance to cefoperazone/sulbactam were 18.37%,piperacillin/tazobactam 16.84%,netilmicin 17.35%,trimethoprim/sulfamesoxazole 100.00%,ampicillin 99.49%,cefazolin 99.49%,cefotetan 88.78%,and to ceftriaxone were 79.08%.The resistance rate to cephalosporins showed rising tendency.But the resistance rate to ?-lactam antibiotics showed deereasing tendency.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa has single and multi-resistance to antibiotics seriously,but sensitive to ?-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides.Using antibiotics reasonably based on bacteria identification and sensitivity test is the best way to reduce the resistance of the pathogens.

Objective The efficacy and safety of rectal instillation with formula for clearing heat, eliminating phlegm and relaxing bowel on treating encephalopathy complicated with pulmonary infection were evaluated by randomized controlled clinical trials. Methods Eighty eligible cases of encephalopathy complicated with pulmonary infection were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Control group was given conventional treatment and treatment group was given rectal instillation treatment with formula for clearing heat , eliminating phlegm and relaxing bowel. The changes of index were observed before and after treatment in two groups including temperature,antifebrile time,white blood cell count,neutrophils ratio,C-reactive protein,procalcitonin, pneumonia severity index,and the efficacy score of TCM syndrome. Results Rectal instillation with formula for clearing heat and eliminating phlegm to relax bowel can be better improved encephalopathy complicated with pulmonary infection with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing in which the patients have yellow sputum, constipation,yellow urinary and other symptoms. It can reduce TCM syndrome score and level of serum calcitonin, relieve inflammation,enhanc antibacterial effect,and improve the clinical curative effect. Conclusions The curative effects of rectal instillation with formula for clearing heat and eliminating phlegm to relax bowel on treating encephalopathy complicated with pulmonary is definite which has no adverse reaction and safety use. It is worthy of further popularizing in clinic.