Objective To investigate whether XRCC1 was associated with the occurrence of leukemia through the comparison of XRCC1 gene′s polymorphism and hypermethylation between leukemia patients and healthy people .Methods Restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR‐RFLP) and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) were used to detect the polymorphism and promoter region′s methylation of XRCC1 gene in 150 patients with leukemia(patients group) and 150 healthy persons (control group) .Results In different types of leukemia patients ,the genotype of XRCC1 gene loci rs1799782 , rs25487 and rs25489 loci changed in different degrees .The positive rate of XRCC1 gene methylation in different subgroups of pa‐tients group were not statistically significantly different from that of control group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Genotype distribution and allele frequency and leukemia susceptible have some correlation ,but hypermethylation phenomenon may not exist in XRCC1 gene in leukemia .

Objective To investigate the effect of flurbiprofen axetil(FA)on the acute lung injury(ALI)induced by LPS in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 190-220 g were nmdomly divided into 3 groups:group Ⅰ control(C,n=8);groupⅡ LPS(n=16)and group Ⅲ FA+LPS(n=16).In group Ⅱ and Ⅲ LPS 5 mg/kg in 1 ml of normal saline(NS)w88 given iv.In group Ⅲ FA 6 mg/kg in NS 1 ml was given Ⅳ 0.5 hbefore LPS administration.In group Ⅱ and Ⅲ 8 animals were killed at 2 h(T1)and 4 h(T2)after LPS administration respectively.Blood samples were obtained at T1 and T2 for blood gas analysis and determination of serum TXB2,6-keto PGF1α(by radio-immuno assay),TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations(by ELISA).Lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,lung water content(LC)and microscopic examination.ResultsCompared with group C,LPS signitlcanfly decreased PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 and increased PaCO2,W/D lung weight ratio,LC,serum TXB2,6-keto-PGF1α concentrations,TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and serum IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 concentrations in LPS group.Pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were observed in LPS group.FA pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced blood gas,bio-chemical and pulmonary histological changes in group Ⅲ.Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetil pretreatment can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute injury by down-regulating TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio and inhibiting inflammatory response.

Objective To compare the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in patients undergoing lumbar surgery in prone position.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 40-64 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,scheduled for lumbar surgery in prone position,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:pressure-controlled ventilation group (group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group (group V).Anesthesia was induced with dexamethasone 10 mg,etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,sufentanil 0.4 μg/kg,and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with propofol 2-4 mg· kg-1 · h-1,remifentanil 6-10 μg· kg-1 · h-1 and vecuronium 0.08 mg· kg-1 · h-1.The i-gel laryngeal mask airways were inserted after induction and the patients were mechanically ventilated.A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of i-gel.The maximum inspiratory pressure was adjusted to reach the tidal volume (VT) of 8 ml/kg in group P and the VT was set at 8 ml/kg in group V.PTrCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg.The mean airway pressure (Pmean) and peak airway pressure (Peak) were recorded immediately after insertion of i-geal (T0),immediately after the patients were turned to prone position (T1),immediately before skin incision (T2),30 min after the beginning of surgery (T3),immediately after the end of surgery (T4) and immediately after the patients were turned to supine position (T5).While dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was calculated.Arterial blood samples were taken at the same time points for blood gas analysis.Oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated.Results Compared with group V,Pmoan and Ppeak were significantly decreased at T0-5,Cdyn and OI were increased,and RI was decreased at T1-4 in group P (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with volumecontrolled ventilation,pressure-controlled ventilation can better improve the ventilatory efficacy and reduce prone position-induced effect on respiratory function in patients undergoing lumbar surgery.

Objective To evaluate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cell apoptosis in lung tissues in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-270 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin-induced ALI group (ALI group),and penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.03,0.10,0.30 mg/kg groups (Pi-3 groups).ALI was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg which was injected via the caudal vein.In P1-3 groups,penehyclidine hydmchloride 0.03,0.10 and 0.30 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally,respectively,at 1 h before LPS injection,while the equal volume of normal saline was administered in C and ALI groups.The animals were sacrificed at 4 h after ALI models were successfully established and pulmonary specimens were obtained for determination of the cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),expression of NOS mRNA (using PT-PCR),and Bcl-2 and Bax protein (by Western blot),NOS activity (using chemical colorimetry) and NO content (by using nitrate reductase method) and for examination of pathological changes (by light and electron microscopes).Apoptotic index (AI) and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated.Results Compared with group C,NOS mRNA and Bax protein expression was significantly up-regulated,NOS activity,NO content and AI were increased,Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased (P ＜ 0.01),and the degree of pathological changes of the lung was aggravated in ALI and P1-3 groups.Compared with ALI and P1 groups,NOS mRNA and Bax protein expression was significantly down-regulated,NOS activity,content of NO and AI were decreased,Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated,the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased (P ＜ 0.01),and the degree of pathological changes of the lung was alleviated in P2-3 groups.There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above and results of pathological changes of the lung between group ALI and group P1,and between group P2 and group P3 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment ameliorates endotoxin-induced ALI by inhibiting NOS expression and cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the cerebral injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 43-64 yr,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected intravenously over 15 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by infusion at 0.2μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group D.While the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Blood samples were obtained from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis before CPB,immediatelv after declamping of the ascending aorta,at the end of CPB and at 6 h after operation (T1-4).The arteriovenous blood O2 difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated.The plasma concentrations of S-100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the blood samples obtained from the jugular bulb were measured at T1-4 and 24 h after operation.Results Compared with group C,the jugular venous oxygen saturation was significantly increased and Da-jvO2 and CERO were decreased at T2,3,and the plasma concentrations of S100β and NSE were decreased at T2-4 in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the cerebral O2 metabolic rate and reduce the cerebral injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.

Objective To detect genetic polymorphism of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) R753Q and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) D299G and T399I ,and to analyze its role and mechanism in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma .Meth‐ods Totally 256 cases of patients with colorectal carcinoma and 256 cases of healthy control individuals were collected .The geno‐types of TLR2 R753Q ,TLR4 D299G and TLR4 T399I were detected by using PCR‐RFLP method .The levels of IL‐1α,IL‐8 ,MIP‐1αand MCP‐1 protein were detected by using ELISA .Results It is shown that TLR4 T399I was associated with the risk of color‐ectal cancer .The frequency of CT combined TT genotype of T399I in case group and control group was 31 .2% and 18 .7% ,respec‐tively .The frequency of T allele in case group and control group was 18 .2% and 10 .2% ,respectively ,and difference was statistical‐ly significant(P<0 .05) .Individuals with T allele of T399I showed a 2 .534‐fold increase in colorectal cancer risk compared with the T399I C allele(95% CI:1 .462-2 .734 ,P<0 .01) .There were significant differences in the expression levels of IL‐1αand MCP‐1 in colorectal carcinoma tissues of different genotypes .The expression level of IL‐1α in patients with CT combined TT genotype of T399I and those with CC genotype was (36 .97 ± 21 .43) and (22 .27 ± 17 .89)pg/mg respectively ,and the expression level of MCP‐1 was (24 .57 ± 17 .74) and (12 .91 ± 9 .78)pg/mg respectively .Conclusion T399I TLR4 is associated with the occurrence and de‐velopment of colorectal carcinoma ,and the risk of colorectal carcinoma in individuals with T genotype is significantly increased ,in which monitoring the expression of IL‐1 and MCP‐1 in colorectal carcinoma tissues might be the mechanism .

Background Misfolding of Myocilin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).GRP78 can transfer the misfolded proteins out endocytoplasmic reticulum and keep the protein synthesis function of endoplasmic reticulum.However the relationship between GRP78 and Myocilin in the pathogenesis of POAG has not been elucidated.Objective This study was to investigate and analyze the coexpressions of GRP78 and Myolicin in trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) of POAG.Methods The trabecular meshwork tissues were obtained during the surgery of POAG and healthy donor for the isolated and in vitro culture of TMCs,and the morphology of the cells was compared between POAG-derived TMCs and donor-derived TMCs.The expression of specific factors for TMCs were detected by immunochemistry.The cells were divided into normal control group,tunicamycin (Tm)-treated group and staurosporine (STS)-treated group,and the cells were cultured by regular medium,the 1 μ mol/L Tm medium or 0.1 μmol/L STS medium for 24 hours respectively.The co-expression of GRP78 and Myocilin in the cells were detected using immunofluorescence assay.This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Xi'an No.4 Hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery.Results Primarily cultured cells showed the fiat star-like and irregular appearance with 3-5 processes,round nuclei,abundant cytoplasm and black engulf particles.The 3-7 generations of POAG-derived cells grew well,showing positive expressions of laminin (LN),fibronectin (FN),neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and Vimentin.Immunofluorescence assay showed positive expressions of GRP78 and Myocilin in the cells of the Tm group,STS group and normal control group,with the reddish and green fluorescence separately.Incomplete co-expression of GRP78 and Myocilin was seen in donor-derived TMCs,and complete co-expression of GRP78 and Myocilin was found in the POAG-derived TMCs in the normal control group.Complete co-expression of GRP78 and Myocilin was exhibited in both donor-and POAG-derived TMCs in the Tm group and STS group.In addition,accumulation of GRP78 protein around nucleus was seen in both donor-and POAG-derived TMCs in the Tm group.Conclusions GRP78 and Myocilin proteins are completely co-expressed in POAG-derived TMCs,inferring that GRP78 and Myocilin play an interaction role in the pathogenesis and development of POAG.GRP78 may play a cytoprotective role against the apoptosis of TMCs caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of neuromuscular disorders, caused by degeneration of the motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, with prevalence of about 1 in 6000 to 1 in 10000 in newborn. The gene carrying frequency is about 1 in 40 to 1 in 50 all over the world. SMA is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases causing infant death. SMA mainly refers to SMN1 dependent caused by SMN1 gene mutations. Noninvasiveness and specificity make genetic testing a recommended method for diagnosis of SMA. In addition to conventional methods such as neural nutrition, muscle exercise, etc., there is no specific treatment for SMA up to now. Nevertheless, HDAC inhibitors deserve attention as they are the only drugs completed Phase Ⅲ clinical trials to date. Furthermore, other ways as small-molecule SMN enhancers, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), antisense oligonucleotides to correct SMN2 splicing, etc, were still on the way of in vitro stage at present.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of Tiaoshen Tonglin Decoction (TTD)) on chronic prostatitis syndrome (CPS) and its effects on urinary flow rate (UFR), uric acid (UA) content and pH value in expressed prostate secretions (EPS).

METHODSOne hundred and eight patients with CPS were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group (56 cases) treated with TTI) and the control group (52 cases) with terazosin tablet, both for 60 days. The changes of chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSL), established by the National Institutes of Health, U.S.A., UA and pH in EPS, as well as UFR were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe cure rate and the total effective rate in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group respectively (P < 0.05); after treatment, the UA level, pH value in EPS and NIH-CPSI decreased significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.01), lower than those in the control group, which had significant change (P < 0.05); the maximum UFR and average UFR of both groups were improved markedly after treatment (P < 0.05) with insignificant difference between the groups.

CONCLUSIONTTD can improve the UFR, decrease the NIH-CPSI score, pH value and UA level in the EPS, is an effective recipe for treatment of CPS.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Pelvic Pain ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; classification ; complications ; drug therapy ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; Uric Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Urination ; drug effects

Objective To detect the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in the melanoma, and to analyze the relationship between the expression and subtypes and clinicopathological features of melanoma. Methods Expression of hTERT mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in 64 cases of melanoma and 30 cases of nevus. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between hTERT mRNA expression and clinical pathological features of melanoma. Results The relative expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma tissues was higher than that in nevus tissues [(52.43±5.42) vs (21.38±3.73), t= 4.72, P= 0.000]. The expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma had no significant correlation with age, gender, ethnicity (all P> 0.05), but had relationship with subtypes, lymph node metastasis, Clark classification (all P< 0.05). The expression of hTERT mRNA in mucosal melanoma was significantly higher than that of acral and non-acral melanoma (t= 7.71, P= 0.001), while the expression of acral and non-acral melanoma had no difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions The expression of hTERT mRNA in melanoma is high, especially in mucosal melanoma. hTERT may play an important role in the occurrence and development of melanoma.