Objective To explore the risk factors and outcomes associated with pulmonary hemorrhage in very low and extremely low birth weight infants.Methods Retrospective analysis were performed to predict risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage in very low and extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 1200g) admitted to NICU of Shengjing Hospital from Jan.2010 to Dec.2015.Infants at similar birth weight without pulmonary hemorrhage were as controls.We compared the characteristics of both maternal and infants.Multivariable Logistic regression models were derived to predict pulmonary hemorrhage.Short outcomes of the infants were assessed.Results Of the 435 neonates,71 developed pulmonary hemorrhage (pulmonary hemorrhage group),364 were as controls (control group).Gestational age[(28.2±1.7)week],birth weight[(936±192)g] in pulmonary hemorrhage group were significantly lower than those in control group[(29.5±2.1)week,(1033±134)g,t=4.776,5.145,P<0.01].Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)(76.1%),pulmonary surfactant (PS)use(PS use≥2 courses)[76.1%(9.9%)],patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)(66.2%)were significantly higher than those in control group[41.2%,30.8%(4.1%),38.7%;χ2=33.457,28.970(4.074),32.798,P<0.05].Antenatal corticosteroids utility ratio (21.1%)was lower than that in the control group (41.2%;t=10.177,P< 0.001).Multiple factors Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that RDS (OR=3.739,95%CI 1.383-10.113,P<0.05 ),PDA (OR=2.206,95%CI 1.205-4.093,P<0.05),and 5 minutes Apgar score <7(OR=2.851,95%CI 1.191-6.828) were independent risk factors of pulmonary hemorrhage,and higher birth weight (OR=0.998,95%CI 0.996-1.000,P<0.05) and the use of antenatal corticosteroids (OR=0.432,95%CI 0.224-0.834,P<0.05) were the protection factors in pulmonary hemorrhage.In pulmonary hemorrhage group,the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage,retinopathy of prematurity and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(16.9%,12.7% and 18.3%) were significantly higher than those in control group (5.8%,4.4% and 2.2%;χ2=36.824,7.520 and 33.568,P<0.01);Compared to control group,the mortality in pulmonary hemorrhage group was higher (49.3% vs.14.0%;χ2=46.634,P<0.01).Conclusion Pulmonary hemorrhage in very low and extremely low birth weight infants is associated with multiple factors.Prevention of premature birth and prenatal corticosteroids treatment can help prevent the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage.The incidences of poor outcomes are higher in newborns with pulmonary hemorrhage.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of sufentanil preconditioning on acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats and the role of opioid receptors.MethodsForty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group (group S) ; I/R group; sufentanil preconditioning group (group SPC) ; COTP (μ receptor antagonist) + SPC group; NTD (δ receptor antagonist) + SPC group and nor-BNI (κ receptor antagonist) + SPC group.Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion in groups I/R,SPC,COTP +SPC,NTD + SPC and nor-BNI + SPC.Sufentanil 10 μg/kg was injected intravenously at 10 min before ischemia in groups SPC,COTP + SPC,NTD + SPC and nor-BNI + SPC.COTP 1 mg/kg and NTD 5 mg/kg were injected intravenously at 10 min before sufentanil injection in groups COTP + SPC and NTD + SPC respectively,while nor-BNI 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 15 min before sufentanil administration in group nor-BNI + SPC.The animals were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion,the intestinal tissue was removed for microscopic examination and intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Left lung tissue was also removed for microscopic examination (1 =normal,4 =severely injured).The apoptosis in lung cells was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in lung tissues was detected using immuno-histochemistry and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated.ResultsCompared with group S,Chiu's score,lung injury score and AI were significantly increased,expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was up-regulated,Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly decreased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group I/R,Chiu' s score,lung injury score and AI were significantly decreased,Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated,Bax protein expression was downregulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly increased in group SPC (P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group SPC,Chiu's score,lung injury score and AI were significantly increased,Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated,Bax protein expression was up-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly decreased in groups COTP + SPC,NTD + SPC and nor-BNI + SPC ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionSufentanil preconditioning can attenuate lung injury induced by intestinal I/R by activation of opioid receptors in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of sufentanil on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model of liver cell apoptosis and bel-2/Bax expression,and the opioid receptor-mediated effects in the process.Methods Seventy two healthy adult Wistar rats,weight 200-250 g,either male or female,were randomly divided into 9 groups(n=8),sham operation group(S),ischemia-reperfusion group(IR),sufentanil treated group (SPC),three kinds of opioid receptor antagonist,NTD(δ receptor antagonist,),nor-BNI(κ receptor antagonist),CTOP(μ receptor antagonist)in the intervention groups(NTD + SPC,nor-BNI + SPC,CTOP + SPC),three kinds of opioid receptor antagonist control groups(NTD,nor-BNI,CTOP).by clamping the superior mesenteric artery production model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,after the end of the experiment,immediately take the left lobe of liver specimens.Immunohistochemical detection of bcl-2/Bax protein expression,terminal transferase labeling(TUNEL)assay of liver cell apoptosis index(AI).Results Compared with IR group,SPC Group bcl-2 expression increased(0.277±0.014 vs 0.230±0.013)(P＜0.05),bcl-2/Bax ratio increased(1.375±0.113 vs 0.819±0.102)(P＜0.05),Bax down regulation(0.202±0.013 vs 0.283±0.025)(P＜0.05),liver cell AI reduced(6.491±1.191vs10.094±1.051)(P＜0.05).Compared with the SPC group,NTD + SPC group,nor-BNI +SPC group,CTOP+SPC group bcl-2 expression decreased(F=59.698,P＜0.05),bcl-2/Bas ratio decreased(F=40.349,P＜0.05),Bax expression was elevated(F=53.765,P＜0.05),liver cells AI elevated(F=76.728,P＜0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil pretreatment inhibit rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion liver cell apoptosis.δ,κ,μthree kinds of opioid receptor mediate the protective effect of sufentanil,and the effects are equal.

Objective To analyze the effects of miR-26a on proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cell.Methods The expressions level of miR-26a in the uveal melanoma cell lines SP6.5 and M23 and normal cell line ARPE-19 was detected by qRT-PCR.The SP6.5 cell line was divided into miR-26a mimics group (transfect with miR-26a mimics) and NC group (transfect with scramble by Lipofectamine 2000).The proliferation and apoptosis ability were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.The cell wound scratch assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion ability.The expression level of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein was measured by Western blot.Results The expressions level of miR-26a in uveal melanoma cell line SP6.5 was 0.250 ± 0.029,M23 was 0.350 ±0.017,which was significantly lower than 1.0 in normal cell line ARPE-19 (all P ＜0.001).The OD450 value at 72 hours,96 hours and 120 hours in miR-26a mimics group (0.69 ±--0.09,1.23 ± 0.15,2.12 ± 0.23) were significantly lower than those in NC group (1.39-0.11,2.35 ±0.25,3.53 ±0.27) (all P ＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of miR-26a mimics group (15.60％ ± 2.30％) was significantly higher than that of NC group (5.00％ ± 0.70％) (P ＜ 0.01).The wound healing rate of miR-26a mimics group (23.7％ ±2.1％) was significantly lower than that of NC group (68.9 ±5.1％) (P ＜0.01).While the invasive cell number (45.1 ± 3.9) was also significantly less than NC group (115.3 ± 8.9) (P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of EZH2 protein in miR-26a mimics group (0.39 ±0.09) was significantly lower than that of NC group (1.0,P ＜0.01).Conclusion MiR-26a is low expressed in uveal melanoma cells.Over expression of miR-26a inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cell,and promote the apoptosis,which may be associated with down-regulated expression of EZH2.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of endoscopy and enteral nutrition (EN) in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) in elderly patients and its impact on prognosis.Methods Eighty-four elderly patients with ABP were randomly divided into two groups,including 42 cases of combination treatment group,42 cases of routine treatment group.The routine treatment group was managed with normal comprehensive treatment,and in combination treatment group,patients were treated with additional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic naso-biliary (ENBD) drainage and EN.The clinical symptoms,serum inflammatory cytokines,complications and prognosis were compared.Results The CRP,TNF-α,IL-2,and serum amylase,glucose,AST after treatment were significantly lowered than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the levels of CRP,TNF-α,IL-2,and serum amylase,glucose,AST,ALB in combination treatment group were significantly lower than those in routine treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).The time to abdominal pain cessation,time to fever cessation,hospital stay in combination treatment group were (4.6± 1.3),(3.7± 1.3),(13.5± 2.7) d,which were significantly lower than those in routine treatment group [(6.1 ± 1.3),(5.5 ± 2.1),(18.1 ± 3.8) d,P ＜ 0.05].The APACHE Ⅱ score of combination group after treatment was (7.l ± 1.8) point,which was significantly lower than that in routine treatment group [(9.2 ± 2.6) point,t =3.41,P ＜ 0.05)].The incidence rates of ARF,ARDS,peri-pancreatic infection and abdominal hemorrhage,in combination group were 7.1％,4.8％,4.8％,4.8％,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in routine treatment group (23.8％,19.1％,21.4 ％,19.1％,P＜0.05).The mortality in combiration group was 4.8％,which was lower than 16.7％ in routine treatment group with no statistical significant.Conclusions It is a safe and effective to treat elderly ABP patients with endoscopy combined with EN,which can significantly reduce complications and mortality.

Objective To assess the left ventricular(LV) regional myocardial systolic function after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) injection in rabbits with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle-tracking imaging.Methods Twenty-four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:group of sham-operated,group of masculine control (AMI was induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery),and group of cell infusion(after two weeks of AMI,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were injected to the region of AMI).Four weeks after cell deliver two-dimensional strain images were acquired from LV short-axis view(at the levels of mitral annulus,muscle papillary and apex),radial strain rate (SrR),circumference strain rate (SrC),rotation rate (RotR) and rotation (Rot) of three levels in short-axis views were measured by speckle-tracking imaging.The conventional echocardiography indices included LV diameter of end diastole(LVEDd),LV ejection fraction(LVEF),LV fractional shortening(LVFS).The catheter indices included LV systolic pressure(LVSP),LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)and maximum rate of rise and descend of LV pressure(LVdp/dtmax).ResultsCompared with sham-operated group,rabbits had significantly larger LVEDd,lower LVEF and LVFS,lower LVSP and LVdp/dtmax,higher LVEDP in control group,SrR,SrC,RotR and Rot of LV anterior regional myocardial function and global myocardial function of three levels in short-axis views were lower.Compared with control group,the rabbits had significantly smaller LVEDd,larger LVEF and LVFS,larger LVSP and LVdp/dtmax,lower LVEDP,SrR,SrC,RotR and Rot of LV anterior regional myocardial function and global myocardial function of three levels in short-axis views were larger in group of cell infusion.There was no significant between group of cell infusion and group of sham-operated.Conclusions Speckle tracking imaging can evaluate the regional myocardial systolic function of the area of BMSCs transplantation accurately.

Objective To investigate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of peripheral lung lesions. Methods Ninty-six patients with pleural-based lesions underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy. Of the 96 patients,54patients underwent CEUS before biopsy and enhancement information was referred for the selecting of tissue sampling site. The rest of 42 patients didn' t undergo CEUS before biopsy. The difference in the diagnostic accuracy between the two groups was analyzed to evaluate the value of CEUS before biopsy.Results Of the 52 patients in the CEUS group,48 were malignant,and 6 were benign. Of the 42 patients in the un-CEUS group,36 were malignant, and 6 were benign. Necrosis (areas lacking of enhancement) was demonstrated in 41.7％ (20/48) of the patients with malignant lesions in CEUS group, and necrosis incidence was increased with the increase of the dimension of the malignant lesions. No necrosis area was demonstrated in 6 benign lesions. The rate of successful initial biopsy in CEUS group (98.1 ％ ,53/54) was statistically higher than that in un-CEUS group ( 85.7％, 36/42 ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Tissue necrosis and denaturalization attributed to most of the inconclusive pathologic diagnosis. Conclusions CEUS before transthoracic peripheral lung lesion biopsy improved the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure by providing information for differentiating viable or necrotic tissue and consequently provide more accurate information about the site of biopsy.

Objective To examine the prevalence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and their correlation with the genes encoding β-lactamases in E.coli isolates.Methods A total of 200 levofloxacin-and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant E.coli isolates were collected from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital during the period from July to December 2013.PCR method was used to screen these E.coli isolates for the presence of qnrA,qnrB,qnrC,qnrD,qnrS,aac(6')-Ib-cr,qepA,oqxAB genes,and the blaTEM,blasnv and blacTx-M genes in the PMQR positive strains.Agar dilution method was utilized to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of PMQR-positive strains.Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by triplex PCR.Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to evaluate the genetic similarity between the PMQR-positive isolates.Results Of the 200 clinical isolates of E.coli,58 (29.0％)were PMQR-positive.And qnr,aac(6')-Ib-cr,oqxAB,and qepA genes were positive in 11 (5.5％),41 (20.5％),16 (8.0％),1 (0.5％) strains,respectively.The genes encoding CTX-M-1,CTX-M-9 and TEM type enzymes was positive in 32 (55.2％),17 (29.3％),and 1 (1.7％) of the PMQR-positive strains,respectively.The blasHv gene was not identified in any isolate.PMQR-positive strains were multi-drug resistant.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 21 (36.2％),17 (29.3％),11 (19.0％),and 9 (15.5％) of the PMQR-positive strains belonged to group A,group D,group B2 and group B 1,respectively.ERIC-PCR suggested the PMQR-positive isolates belonged to 50 different types.Only one strain was non-typeable.Conclusions Most of the PMQR-related genes in E.coli are aac(6')-Ib-cr,qnr,and oqxAB in our hospital,which are highly relevant to β-1actamase genes.PMQR-positive strains may spread by way of non-clonal dissemination in our hospital.

Background and purpose:To investigate the induction of apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) in xenograft nude mice with human gastric cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods:Human gastric cancer cells were planted into nude mice in order to establish the cancer model, the different dosages of EGCG were injected intraperitoneally in the nude mice. After treatment, flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the apoptosis of implanted tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related genes like Bal-2 and Bax in implanted tumor.Results:EGCG significantly inhibited tumor growth after being injecting intraperitoneally in the nude mice. The apoptotic cells in implanted tumor could be detected by flow cytometry with PI staining. The expressions of Bax、Caspase-3 were upregulated and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated in implanted tumor.Conclusions:EGCG could significantly inhibit tumor growth in xenograft nude mice with human gastric cancer cells through inducing apoptosis. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression observed could result in the activation of Caspase-3, the pathway might account for the induction of apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and black tea polyphenols on the lipid metabolism related gene expression profile of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Method: The total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with EGCG (5? mol/L), black tea polyphenols (5?g/ml) or 0.1%DMSO (control) for 8 h and was hybridized to Human 14k cDNA microarray for gene expression profile analysis. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to confirm microarray data. Results: A total of 13 and 29 genes related to lipid metabolism showed differential change after EGCG or black tea polphenols treatment respectively, of which six genes showed consistent expression. The results of real-time PCR were consistent with the microarray data. Conclusion: The mechanism(s) by which EGCG and black tea polyphenols exerts its effects on lipid metabolism are comprehensive. The novel target identified in this study may provide new evidence for further investigation in the hypolipidemic effects of tea polyphenols.