It is of essential importance for college students to think creatively. Flexible teaching methods have been adopted during the teaching of medical writing in our university. We inspired, guided, stimulated students to develop their creative thought. The purpose of the article is to develop the creative thought of the students in medical universities.

Objective To investigate the effective nursing measures of reducing the complications of intratra-cheal suction about mechanical ventilation patients to improve airway nursing quality. Methods 80 patients with ar-tificial air passage mechanical ventilation were divided into Control group (Group one, 40 cases) and Testing group (Group two, 40 cases) randomly. In the control group, suck at regular time after injecting normal saline solution in-to the in-airway (in order to diluted the sputum). There are improvement that nursing measures in testing group. For sample, suck sputums according to demands, choose appropriate sucking sputums tube, control the deepth of sucking sputum tube, adjust the negative pressure based on the deepth of sucking sputum tube, give pure oxygen two to three minutes before and after the suction, strengthen the airway humidfication, lubricate the sucking sputum tube with chlorotetracycline eye ointment, etc. Complications of intratracheal suction were compared in two groups. Results The comparison showed that the complications have a significant statistical difference in sputum obstruction, SpO2 de-scending to 80 percent and below during suction and airway mucous membrane traumatic hemorrhage. (P < 0.01). Conclusion The improved intratracheal suction will decrease the complications obviously like sputum obstruction, SpO2 reducing to 80 percent and below during suction and airway mucous membrane traumatic hemorrhage.

Objective We aimed to develop a safe, comfortable and effective perineal washer, which prevent perineum wound from infection and improve the healing of perineal wound. Methods The perineal washer was made from high polymer medical material, including two metal catheters, pressing gasbag, medical yoke and dicty blow head. We divided women patients after vagina delivery with perineum wound or after caesarean section into the observation group and the control group randomly with 120 cases in each group from Janurary to October 2007. The control group was given perineal washing by routine washing pot and cotton ball with forceps. The observation group received perineal washing by perineal washer with cleaning fluid and was scrubbed by sponge brash. The elimination of wood swelling, the healing of perineum healing, the urinary infection for patients with indwelling urinary catheterization and patients comfort degree were observed in the two groups. Results Statistical difference existed between the two groups in such aspects, elimination of wound swelling wound healing urinary tract infection and patients comfort degree, P<0.05 or P<0.01. Conclusions Adoption of self designed perineal washer accompanied with sponge brush could completely delete bacteria and inflammatory secretion deep in the vagina and prevent the incidence of infection. It not only could hasten the elimination of wound swelling, alleviate the pain and wound healing, but also was easily developed and portable to use. It provided a new and effective method for perineal washing and is worth clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the characteristics of drug-induced eye impairment.METHODS:206 cases of drug-induced eye impairment reported in internal medical journals published from Jan.1998 to Dec.2005 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The drug-induced eye impairment was mostly induced by anti-infective drugs,hormones,nervous system drugs.The impairment was manifested predominantly by glaucoma,keratitis,scleritis;retinopathy,hyphema,xeroma,damage of corneal epithelium and visual disorder etc.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should pay great attention to the drug-induced eye impairment for it can lead to a decline in eyesight or even loss of eyesight.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between rater-ratee similarities/differences in some individual characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) appraisal. Methods: 103 vertical dyads were assessed by Personality Scale for Enterprise Managers and Chinese OCB Scale. Results: There existed significantly positive correlations between similarities in seven demographic indices and other-oriented OCB dimensions; differences in personality traits correlated significantly negatively with some dimensions of OCB appraisal; age difference had non-liner regression relationship with other-oriented OCB dimensions.Conclusion: Similarities/differences of individual characteristics related closely with OCB appraisal.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat chondrocytes in vitro.Methods:Chondrocytes isolated from knee joint cartilage of rats were subcultured.After monolayers were established,chondrocytes induced by 20 ng·ml-1 IL-1β were treated with GPS respectively at the concentration of 2,10 and 50 ng ·ml-1for 48 h.The effects of GPS on chondrocytes were analyzed using MTT assay for chondrocyte proliferation and 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay for GAG content.mRNA content in xylosyltransferase-Ⅰ(XylT-Ⅰ),galactosyltransferase-Ⅰ(GalT-Ⅰ),galactosyltransferase Ⅱ(GalT-II) and galactose-β-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase Ⅰ(GlcAT-Ⅰ) and that in matrix-degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and aggrecanase-1and aggrecanase-2 was also detected.Results:GPS had no toxic or proliferating effect on chondrocytes at all observed concentrations.GPS at the concentrations of 10 ng·ml-1 and 50 ng·ml-1 up-regulated GAG synthesis (P<0.01).10 ng·ml-1 GPS enhanced the mRNA expression of XylT-Ⅰ (P<0.01),and 50 ng·ml-1 GPS enhanced the mRNA expression of XylT-Ⅰ,GalT-Ⅰ and GalT-II (P<0.05,P<0.01).GPS did not inhibit the mRNA expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-3 and aggrecanase-1and aggrecanase-2 enhanced by IL-1β.Conclusion:GPS can improve GAG synthesis in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes in vitro,which is due to the expression promotion of GAG synthesis enzymes without the expression inhibition of matrix-degrading enzymes.

Objective To analyze the stages of liver fibrosis in patients aged older than 40 with normal ALT.Methods 84 patients with chronic HBV infected were investigated in this study. Liver function, HBeAg, HBVDNA, serum liver fibrosis indexes were tested. And liver biopsy was taken in all the patients and the tissues were stained with HE and Masson.Results 73.4% patients were at fibrosis stage 2-4. The serum fibrosis indexes correlated with the fibrosis stage of liver histology. While the levels of HBeAg and HBVDNA didn't correlate with the severity of liver fibrosis.Conclusion Liver fibrosis of patients older than 40-year-old should be analyzed synthetically with many clinical indexes. These patients should be administered with antifibrosis therapy to prevent the progression of liver cirrhosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) generally occurs in older patients, however the proportion of young patients with CRC is increasing in recent years, which has drawn lots of scholar′s attention, but their research results were controversial. The current literature from several fields, including clinicopathological characteristic of young CRC patients, the optimal age cutoff between young and elder CRC patients, and the prognosis, early screening and diagnosis in young CRC patients will be reviewed.

Objective To explore the relative factors and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Methods The clinical data of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of 502 inpatients from January 1990 to September 2004 were statistically analyzed. Results Males and middle-aged patients with hepatic cirrhosis occurred upper gastrointestinal bleeding more frequently, and the most commom causes were vessel rupture of esophage or gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and peptic ulcer. The most common complications of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were severe bleeding shock, hepatic encephaopathy, hepatorenal syndrome,etc. Drinking wine and NSAIDs were the most common inducements of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The efficient rate of medical management was 89.84%,the death rate was 10.16%, and the most common death causes were shock of severe bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. Conclusion Sex,age, and season,etc. were related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Bleeding causes, liver function, complications, and age, etc. were factors affecting prognosis.

The liver X receptor(LXR) is one of the nuclear receptors related to metabolic syndrome.LXR plays an important role in the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism.LXR has been found to increase the utilization of glucose,decrease the insulin resistance,and simultaneously has an adverse effect in islet β cell.LXR influences fat cell differentiation and reduces expression of the obese gene then cause obesity.It also participates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver and control the atherosclerosis.LXR is involved in inflammatory responses in macrophages and lymphocytes.The ability of LXR to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling makes it particularly attractive target for intervention in human metabolic diseases.In this review,we summarize the studies of LXR,clarify the LXR in the prospects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.