Diabetic peripheral neuropathy( DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications and the disabling one, which is related to chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular changes. Currently, the treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy contains glu-cose control,pain management,etiological treatment,prevention and remove risk factors. So we make a review on the progress on the treatment of DPN by now , providing a scientific basis to a advanced and effective program.

This study is to investigate the protective effect of mangiferin on NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in rats with cigarette smoke induced chronic bronchitis. The rat model with chronic bronchitis was established by cigarette smoke. Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was executed for evaluating the NF-kappaB (P65) and IKkappaBalpha gene expression in mononuclear cell, and flow cytometry for their protein expression. The serum hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological score was obtained from lung tissue HE staining slides of lung tissue. The results showed that mangiferin could markedly suppress the NF-kappaB (P65) mRNA and protein expression in mononuclear cell, while promote the IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, mangiferin could lower serum hs-CRP and TNF-alpha level, and reduce the chronic inflammatory damage of bronchiole. These results suggested that mangiferin could notably ameliorate chronic bronchiole inflammation induced by cigarette smoke, and this protective effect might be linked to the regulation of NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in mononuclear cell.

This study is to investigate the protective effect of mangiferin on NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in rats with cigarette smoke induced chronic bronchitis. The rat model with chronic bronchitis was established by cigarette smoke. Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was executed for evaluating the NF-kappaB (P65) and IKkappaBalpha gene expression in mononuclear cell, and flow cytometry for their protein expression. The serum hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological score was obtained from lung tissue HE staining slides of lung tissue. The results showed that mangiferin could markedly suppress the NF-kappaB (P65) mRNA and protein expression in mononuclear cell, while promote the IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, mangiferin could lower serum hs-CRP and TNF-alpha level, and reduce the chronic inflammatory damage of bronchiole. These results suggested that mangiferin could notably ameliorate chronic bronchiole inflammation induced by cigarette smoke, and this protective effect might be linked to the regulation of NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in mononuclear cell.
Animals ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; blood ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mangifera ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Xanthones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND:Source of bone for autografting,allografting and xenografting is insufficient.Moreover,immunoreaction,infection and re-fracture occur sometimes.As artificial bone substitute.calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate ate widely used in clinic.OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effect between calcium sulfate(Stirnulan pellets)and calcium phosphate(Bio-Lu bioceramics)as bone substitutions in traumatic fractures.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled observation was performed at the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Xiyuan Hospital.China Academy of Chinese Medical Science between October 2004 and October 2007.PARTICIPANTS:Fifry patients with bone trauma-induced bone defect who needed bone grafting were selected and randomly divided into two groups:calcium sulfate(n=24)and calcium phosphate(n=26).METHODS:Besides internal fixation(steel-wire,plate)and external fixation(plaster,external frisket),all Cases were filled with bone substitutes.The grafted bone mass was on basis of standards of grafting:generally 3-5mL for Barton fracture and calcaneus fracture.the maximum 10 mL.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Bone substitute usage,resorption time.fracture status and bone callus.RESULTS:All fractures that were filled with bone substitutes were healed well.No abnormal reaction occurred in calcium sulfate group.Two cases with calcium phosphate exhibited effusion in local soft tissue and healed by changing dressing.During the follow-up of 6 months(range 4-12 months),the bone substitutes were absorbed completely.The absorptivity of Stimulan pellets was 80%within 2 mortths and 100%within 3 months.faster than Bio.iu bioceramics(70%within 4-6months:90%within 7-12 mortths).CONCLUSION:The advantages of calcium sulfate and phosphate as bone substitutes are safety.convenience,and few side effects with good filling effect and well fractures healing.Moreover,the calcium sulfate powder(Stimulan)exhibits stronger supporting for bone defect area after soliditication,and faster degradation than calcium phosphate

Objective To explore liver protective effects of the stems and leaves and roots of Scutellariae Radix from different areas of Gansu Province;To discuss differences in liver protection of the stems and leaves and roots of Scutellariae Radix. Methods All Kunming mice were randomly divided into 11 groups:normal group, model group, positive control group, Scutellariae Radix root groups and Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf groups of Longxi, Minxian, Weiyuan, Zhangxian. The mice received gavage with relevant medicine once a day for 7 days. 2 hours after the last medication, the mice were given peritoneal injection with 0.1%CCl4 and olive oil to establish the models with liver injury. Hepatic index, the activity of serum ALT and AST, the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue were calculated in 18 hours after establishing the models. Results Compared with the model group, hepatic index, the activity of serum ALT and AST in the mice of Scutellariae Radix root groups from difference producing areas decreased significantly (P<0.05);the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue was raised notably (P<0.05). Compared with stem-leaf groups from the same producing area, hepatic index, the activity of ALT and AST in the mice of Scutellariae Radix root groups were remarkably lower than these of Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf groups (P<0.05);the levels of T-AOC in the liver tissue was evidently higher than that of Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf group (P<0.05). Conclusion Scutellariae Radix root water decoction can prevent and protect CCl4-induced acute liver injury to a certain degree, while Scutellariae Radix stem-leaf water decoction shows no significant protective effect on acute liver injury.

A simple method for culture of human fetal adrenal medullary cells is described. Enzymatically dissociated human fetal adrenal cells were isolaled by centrifugation on Percoll in the buffer. Adrenal medullary cells with 75%-85% purity were obtained by this procedure. The medullary cells were then plated on plastic culture dishes coated with collagen. After 2-7 days medullary Cells began to flatten and extended processes. A further identification of the cells as medullary in origin was confirmed, by specific catecholamine fluorescence technique. Catecholamine content in the medium was also determined by HPLC.

Objective To evaluate the dose distribution of target volume and normal tissues with different treatment planning such as three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) ,simplified intensity modulated radiotherapy(sIMRT) ,and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with radically resected rectal cancer. Methods Ten male patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer after radical resection (Dixon surgery) were enrolled in this study. 3-field or 5-field 3DCRT,slMRT and 5-field or 7-field IMRT plans were performed for each patient. The dose distributions of target volume and normal tissues,conformal index(CI) and heterogeneous index(HI) were analyzed using the dose-volume histogram(Dvit). The prescription dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Results The CI for PTV of IMRT and sIMRT was superior to 3DCRT. Conversely,the HI for PTV of 3DCRT was superior to sIMRT and IMRT. sIMRT and IMRT can protect the organs at risk better than 3DCRT. The mean of total MU for 3DCRT3f,3DCRT5f, sIMRT, IMRT5f and IMRTT7f was 482±13,504±11,455±42,841±36 and 884±46, respectively. Conclusions Comparing with 3DCRT plans and IMRT plans, sIMRT plan was the optimal plan for clinical practice. All of the three radiotherapy techniques can protect the rectal stump and anal canal well with the prescription dose of 50 Gy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect and action mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric ulcer rats with liver-depression syndrome.

METHODSThrough open-field experimental method, 45 qualified SPF-grade male SD rats were selected and divided into a blank group, a model group and an EA group according to random number table method, 15 rats in each group. The model of gastric ulcer rats with liver-depression syndrome was established in the model group and the EA group by using chronic unpredictable stimulation combined with acetic acid burning method. Rats in the blank group did not receive intervention. Rats in the model group were treated with fixation and immobilization for 13 days. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Liangqiu" (ST 34) and "Ganshu" (BL 18); EA voltage was 2 V; disperse-dense wave was selected with 4 Hz of disperse wave and 15 Hz of dense wave, and the intensity of EA was according to the slight vibration of local skin and; muscles; the needles were retained for 20 min, once a day for consecutive 6 days; there was an interval of 1 day' and the treatment was given for 2 weeks. The general condition, open-field experimental result and gastric ulcer index were observed; the western blotting method was applied to measure the expression of vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1) in hypothalamus and gastric antral mucosal, and ELISA method was applied to test the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in hippocampus.

RESULTSAfter model establishment, the general behavior condition in the model group was inferior to that in the blank group, which was obviously improved after EA. The range of motion in the model group was less than that in the blank group (P<0.01) while that in the EA group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.01). The ulcer inhibition rate was. 54.95%, and the ulcer index in the EA group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with; the blank group, the expression of VR1 in hypothalamus and gastric antral mucosal in the model group was increased (P<0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of VR1 in the EA group was reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression of 5-HT an NE in hippocampus in the model group was significantly reduced (both P<0.01); compared with the model group, the expression of 5-HT and NE in the EA group was increased (both P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at "Liangqiu" (ST 34) and "Ganshu" (BL 18) has certain analgesic effect in gastric ulcer rats with liver-depression syndrome, which is likely to be related with lowering the contents of VR1 in hypothalamus and gastric antral mucosal and increasing the content of 5-HT and NE in hippocampus.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nociceptive Pain ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Stomach Ulcer ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; TRPV Cation Channels ; genetics ; metabolism

Raman spectroscopy has generated many branches during the development for more than 90 years. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves SNR by using the interaction between tested materials and the surface of rough metal, as to quickly get higher sensitivity and precision spectroscopy without sample pretreatment. This article describes the characteristic and classification of SERS, and updates the theory and clinical application of SERS. It also summarizes the present status and progress of SERS in various disciplines and illustrates the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the application for SERS in microbiology.
Microbiology ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Objective To study the influence of spinal instability after lamina decompression in symptoms and progno?sis. Methods The 76 patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 more years. The patients were divided into instability group (n=27) and non-instability (n=49) group according to the X-ray result of the final follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, JOA score and improvement rate were compared between two groups at preoperation, 3-month after operation and the final follow-up. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age and mean follow-up time between two groups. There were no significant differences in VAS and JOA scores before surgery, 3-month after surgery and final follow-up between two groups. Postoperative VAS score decreased and JOA score increased with the increase in follow-up time (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in improvement rate [(80.0±8.8)%vs (83.6±11.7)%] and improvement ratio [81.48%(22/27) vs 61.22%(30/49)] between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Although some patients show instability even with lumbar spondylolisthesis after lamina decompression on radiograph,which is no correlation with improvement of symptoms. With appropriate indications, lamina decompression is a simple and effective surgical method,which also retains the spinal movement function.