Diabetic peripheral neuropathy( DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications and the disabling one, which is related to chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular changes. Currently, the treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy contains glu-cose control,pain management,etiological treatment,prevention and remove risk factors. So we make a review on the progress on the treatment of DPN by now , providing a scientific basis to a advanced and effective program.

This study is to investigate the protective effect of mangiferin on NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in rats with cigarette smoke induced chronic bronchitis. The rat model with chronic bronchitis was established by cigarette smoke. Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was executed for evaluating the NF-kappaB (P65) and IKkappaBalpha gene expression in mononuclear cell, and flow cytometry for their protein expression. The serum hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological score was obtained from lung tissue HE staining slides of lung tissue. The results showed that mangiferin could markedly suppress the NF-kappaB (P65) mRNA and protein expression in mononuclear cell, while promote the IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, mangiferin could lower serum hs-CRP and TNF-alpha level, and reduce the chronic inflammatory damage of bronchiole. These results suggested that mangiferin could notably ameliorate chronic bronchiole inflammation induced by cigarette smoke, and this protective effect might be linked to the regulation of NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in mononuclear cell.
Animals ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; blood ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mangifera ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Xanthones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

This study is to investigate the protective effect of mangiferin on NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in rats with cigarette smoke induced chronic bronchitis. The rat model with chronic bronchitis was established by cigarette smoke. Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR was executed for evaluating the NF-kappaB (P65) and IKkappaBalpha gene expression in mononuclear cell, and flow cytometry for their protein expression. The serum hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological score was obtained from lung tissue HE staining slides of lung tissue. The results showed that mangiferin could markedly suppress the NF-kappaB (P65) mRNA and protein expression in mononuclear cell, while promote the IkappaBalpha mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, mangiferin could lower serum hs-CRP and TNF-alpha level, and reduce the chronic inflammatory damage of bronchiole. These results suggested that mangiferin could notably ameliorate chronic bronchiole inflammation induced by cigarette smoke, and this protective effect might be linked to the regulation of NF-kappaB (P65) and IkappaBalpha expression in mononuclear cell.

BACKGROUND:Source of bone for autografting,allografting and xenografting is insufficient.Moreover,immunoreaction,infection and re-fracture occur sometimes.As artificial bone substitute.calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate ate widely used in clinic.OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effect between calcium sulfate(Stirnulan pellets)and calcium phosphate(Bio-Lu bioceramics)as bone substitutions in traumatic fractures.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled observation was performed at the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Xiyuan Hospital.China Academy of Chinese Medical Science between October 2004 and October 2007.PARTICIPANTS:Fifry patients with bone trauma-induced bone defect who needed bone grafting were selected and randomly divided into two groups:calcium sulfate(n=24)and calcium phosphate(n=26).METHODS:Besides internal fixation(steel-wire,plate)and external fixation(plaster,external frisket),all Cases were filled with bone substitutes.The grafted bone mass was on basis of standards of grafting:generally 3-5mL for Barton fracture and calcaneus fracture.the maximum 10 mL.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Bone substitute usage,resorption time.fracture status and bone callus.RESULTS:All fractures that were filled with bone substitutes were healed well.No abnormal reaction occurred in calcium sulfate group.Two cases with calcium phosphate exhibited effusion in local soft tissue and healed by changing dressing.During the follow-up of 6 months(range 4-12 months),the bone substitutes were absorbed completely.The absorptivity of Stimulan pellets was 80%within 2 mortths and 100%within 3 months.faster than Bio.iu bioceramics(70%within 4-6months:90%within 7-12 mortths).CONCLUSION:The advantages of calcium sulfate and phosphate as bone substitutes are safety.convenience,and few side effects with good filling effect and well fractures healing.Moreover,the calcium sulfate powder(Stimulan)exhibits stronger supporting for bone defect area after soliditication,and faster degradation than calcium phosphate

Raman spectroscopy has generated many branches during the development for more than 90 years. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves SNR by using the interaction between tested materials and the surface of rough metal, as to quickly get higher sensitivity and precision spectroscopy without sample pretreatment. This article describes the characteristic and classification of SERS, and updates the theory and clinical application of SERS. It also summarizes the present status and progress of SERS in various disciplines and illustrates the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the application for SERS in microbiology.
Microbiology ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Objective To evaluate the dose distribution of target volume and normal tissues with different treatment planning such as three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) ,simplified intensity modulated radiotherapy(sIMRT) ,and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with radically resected rectal cancer. Methods Ten male patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer after radical resection (Dixon surgery) were enrolled in this study. 3-field or 5-field 3DCRT,slMRT and 5-field or 7-field IMRT plans were performed for each patient. The dose distributions of target volume and normal tissues,conformal index(CI) and heterogeneous index(HI) were analyzed using the dose-volume histogram(Dvit). The prescription dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Results The CI for PTV of IMRT and sIMRT was superior to 3DCRT. Conversely,the HI for PTV of 3DCRT was superior to sIMRT and IMRT. sIMRT and IMRT can protect the organs at risk better than 3DCRT. The mean of total MU for 3DCRT3f,3DCRT5f, sIMRT, IMRT5f and IMRTT7f was 482±13,504±11,455±42,841±36 and 884±46, respectively. Conclusions Comparing with 3DCRT plans and IMRT plans, sIMRT plan was the optimal plan for clinical practice. All of the three radiotherapy techniques can protect the rectal stump and anal canal well with the prescription dose of 50 Gy.

BACKGROUND:Stem cels can induce immune tolerance, prolong graft survival time and reduce rejection in organ transplantation, which have become a hot research. OBJECTIVE:To induce immune tolerance to alogenic kidney transplantation with amniotic fluid stem cels in recipient rats and to explore the mechanism underlying immune tolerance. METHODS: Amniotic fluid stem cels were isolated from Wistar rats. Two inbred male rat strains, Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats, were selected as donors and recipients of kidney transplantation. The rat models of renal orthotopic transplantation were divided into the folowing four groups: a sham-operated group (n=10, Sprague-Dawley rats); an isograft group (n=10, Sprague-Dawley to Sprague-Dawley rats); a control group (n=10, Wistar to Sprague-Dawley rats, treated with 1 mL saline); and an experimental group (n=10, Wistar to Sprague-Dawley rats, treated with 1 mL of 3×106/L amniotic fluid stem cels). Serum levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, interleukin-2, interferon-γ, parameters of oxidative stress were detected at 5 days after operation. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Kidney transplants were observed pathologicaly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, interleukin-2, interferon-γ, parameters of oxidative stress and proteinuria were lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Percentages of CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were also significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group. However, the rate of cretinemia clearance in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the degree of kidney injury in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Our findings demonstrate that the amniotic fluid stem cel transplantation can induce immune tolerance, extenuate oxidative stress, attenuate pathological damage to the kidney transplant and preserve kidney function from acute rejection in rats undergoing kidney transplantation.

Objective To study the influence of spinal instability after lamina decompression in symptoms and progno?sis. Methods The 76 patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 more years. The patients were divided into instability group (n=27) and non-instability (n=49) group according to the X-ray result of the final follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, JOA score and improvement rate were compared between two groups at preoperation, 3-month after operation and the final follow-up. Results There were no significant differences in gender, age and mean follow-up time between two groups. There were no significant differences in VAS and JOA scores before surgery, 3-month after surgery and final follow-up between two groups. Postoperative VAS score decreased and JOA score increased with the increase in follow-up time (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in improvement rate [(80.0±8.8)%vs (83.6±11.7)%] and improvement ratio [81.48%(22/27) vs 61.22%(30/49)] between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Although some patients show instability even with lumbar spondylolisthesis after lamina decompression on radiograph,which is no correlation with improvement of symptoms. With appropriate indications, lamina decompression is a simple and effective surgical method,which also retains the spinal movement function.

Objective To study treatment of massive variceal bleeding secondary to localized pancreatitis-associated portal hypertension (MVBPAPH).Methods A retrospective study on the clinical data of patients with MVBPAPH was carried out.Of 24 patients with MVBPAPH,20 had pancreatic pseudocysts.12 were operated after failure of treatment with endovascular intervention for variceal bleeding (including 10 patients with splenectomy and gastric fundus-body peripheral vessels amputation and 2 patients with pancreatic pseudocystogastrostomy).8 patients underwent partial splenic embolization and left gastroepiploic artery embolization.4 patients directly underwent splenectomy and gastric fundus-body peripheral vessels amputation for variceal bleeding.Results Left pleural effusion developed in 5 patients who underwent arterial embolization.Left pleural effusion and lung infection occurred in 2 patients who underwent operation.All patients recovered well and were discharged home.During the follow-up period of 2 to 72 months,no rebleeding occurred in these patients (including 2 patients had passed little interval melena).Gastroscopy re-examination showed that variceal veins were not found in 18 patients.Variceal veins which were detected in the remaining 6 patients were obviously less severe.Conclusion Individualized treatment should be given to patients with MVBPAPH and according to the specific type of pancreatitis and the onset time of any accompanying pseudocyst.

Objective To discuss the establishment of gastric ulcer liver depression syndrome rat model and the therapeutical effects of electroacupuncture. Methods As the result of Open-field experimental method, 60 SPF male SD rats were selected as experimental animals. After 7 days of adaptive feeding, 60 rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, model control group, and electoracupuncture group, 15 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the other three groups were stimulated by chronic unpredictable stimulation to establish rat depression model. Then model control group was once again stimulated by chronic unpredictable stimulation for 13 days;electoracupuncture group was treated at Gan Shu (BL18) and Liang Qiu (ST34) acupoints for 13 days. General state of rats, Open-field experimental results and gastric ulcer index were observed. BDNF was measured by RT-PCR. GAS content was measured by ELISA. Results After modeling for 21 days, except for the blank group, the other three groups appeared listlessness, limb weakness, and fur dry and lose luster, appetites reduced, etc. After modeling for 34 days, compared with model group, model control group had more severe general state than model group. After acupuncture treatment, the general state of acupuncture group was improved. The horizontal and vertical activity sore in model group decreased significantly compared with the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the horizontal and vertical activity sore in model control group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and increased significantly in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.01). Ulcer index in the model group increased significantly compared with the blank group (P<0.01). Ulcer index in the model control group increased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.01). Ulcer index in electroacupuncture group decreased significantly (P<0.01). BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus of model group decreased significantly compared with the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus of model control group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The BDNF mRNA expression in the electroacupuncture group increased significantly (P<0.01). The GAS content in the model group increased significantly compared with the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the GAS content in the model control group increased significantly (P<0.05). The GAS content in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The establishment of depressive rat gastric ulcer model which combining disease and syndrome together proves the feasibility of this animal experimental model. Electroacupuncture for Gan Shu (BL18) and Liang Qiu (ST34) can improve the efficacy of this model.