Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) can promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The formation of VM is regulated by various proteins including epithelial cell kinase, phosphoinositide-3 kinase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Local microenvironment also plays an important role in regulating VM formation.

Objective To explore the factors related to the prognosis and survival duration of primary liver cancer patients after hepatectomy.Methods The data of primary liver cancer patientswho were treated by surgical resection were analyzed retrospectively.Kaplain-Meier method was used to evaluate survival rates.Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to screen out related clinical phathology factors.Results The median survival time was eighteen months.Univarivate analysis showed that liver function Child-Pugh classification,cirrhosis,tumor size,HBV infection,AFP,portal vein tumor thrombus significantly correlated with survival rates (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that liver function Child-Pugh classification,tumor size,AFP and portal vein tumor thrombus were the independent prognostic factors of primary liver cancer (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Many factors are related to the prognosis of primary liver cancer after operation.Liver function Child-Pugh classification,tumor size,AFP and portal vein tumor thrombus affect prognostic independently.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for the majority of cases of transfusion acquired hepatitis and may cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no vaccine against HCV and treatment is expensive and not always effective.The adaptive host immune response in viral clearance of HCV infection was described and the recent progress in vaccine development of HCV, focusing on the fields of DNA vaccine candidates, recombinant viral vectored vaccine candidates and combined (prime-boost) vaccine candidates were summarized. Some challenges and limitations of developing a HCV vaccine were also analysed. In summary, a promising approach of developing an experimental HCV vaccine to induce extremely potent and broad T-cell responses based on prime-boost strategy was presented.

Objective To explore the feasibility of thoracic sympathectomy under video mediastinoscopy (VM) for palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods Operations on 55 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were performed under general anesthesia with double lumen endotracheal tube placement. The patients were maintained in the 30?～45? semi-sitting position, with abduction of both arms to 90?. The VM entered the thoracic cavity via the third intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. The T 2～T 4 sympathetic ganglions were resected by electrocautery. Results Hyperhidrosis disappeared postoperatively in all the cases. The temperature of patients' both hands increased by 1.5～3 ℃,with their both hands becoming dry and warm. The operation time was 20～40 min (mean, 30 min) and the hospital stay was 3～7 d (mean, 4 d). No severe complications occurred. Mild subcutaneous emphysema along with pneumothorax was found in 3 cases and compensatory hyperhidrosis in the trunk happened in 5 cases. Conclusions Thoracic sympathectomy under VM is less invasive and simpler than that under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, being a feasible alternative.

Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Silicon Dioxide ; analysis

ObjectiveTo design a new operation approach:extreme lateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (E-TLIF) via digital technology and to discuss its feasibility in treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases.MethodsCT scan image data of lumbar vertebra were obtained from volunteer (a healthy male of 26 years old,67 kg in weight and 172 cm in height).Mimics was used to read and reconstruct the data into 3D images.We observe the anatomical bone structures of intervertebral foramen and nerve roots through CT scan and 3D reconstruction in Mimics to analysis the feature of this area.Then E-TLIF operation,pedicle screw insertion and cage placement were simulated by computer via digital technology in Mimics.The feasibility of this new approach was proved through operating on lumbar of formalin doused body with E-TLIF approach.ResultsAn incision of 9 cm lateral form the central line and 45° from the sagittal plane is operated to fully expose the foraminal area.Remove superior facet while save inferior facet is feasible with this approach in E-TLIF.There is enough room for fully revealing and excision of intervertebral disc,and cage placement through enlarged foraminal area.Digital technology is a more economic,efficient way to design a new operation approach.The results are in accord with the formalin doused body test.ConclusionMimics is an effectively,reliable and economic method to design an operation approach.And the result suggested that E-TLIF is a safe,less minimal invasive and more efficient operation approach in treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of nano-?-linolenic acid on the expression of cathepsin B(CB) in mice with viral myocarditis(VM).Methods Eighty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,each group had 20 mice.Mice in control group were inoculated introperitoneally with eagle′s solution,every mouse in the last 3 groups was treated with 0.1 mL Coxsackie B3 virus(CVB3) intraperitoneally.Then,mice in low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were treated with 60 mg?kg-1and 180 mg?kg-1 nano-?-linolenic acid solution for 7 days,respectively.Mice in control group and myocarditis group were treated with 9 g?L-1 saline for 7 days.All mice were killed on the 15th day,and the specimens of hearts and serum were conserved.Myocardial histopathology was determined with hematoxylin and eosin stain.The expression levels of myocardial CB mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Serum CB concentration was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The mortality rate was 0,45%,30% and 20% in control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,respectively;the mortality rate was significantly lower in high-dose intervention group compared with myocarditis group(P0.05).The expression level of CB mRNA and serum CB concentration were markedly higher in myocarditis group than those in control group(Pa

Objective To determine the clinical value of EUS in combination with detection of CA19-9 and CA242 for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Methods General features of high-risk group were determed by EUS and the plasma levels of CA19-9 and CA242 measured by ELISA.Results The serum level of CA19-9 was abnormal in 9.80% (10/102) and that of CA242 in 12.75% (13/102) of the patients.They were both abnormal in 7 cases.Of the 7 cases, 3 were found to suffer from pancreatic cancer by EUS, 1 had the tumor that had been clinically confirmed, 1 had posterior peritoneal tumor and 2 were normal.Among 102 cases detected by EUS, 2 showed low echo in pan-creatic head, 2 semi-cyst, 3 pancreatic cancer and proved by pathology.Accurate diagnotic rate, sensi-tivity and specificity were 90.20% (92/102), 50% (4/8) and 93.62% (88/94), respectively, for serum CA19-9.For the serum CA242, the 3 parameters were 87.25% (89/102), 50% (4/8) and 90.43% (85/94), respectively.For combination of both methods, they were 98.04% (100/102), 100%(8/8) and 97.87%(92/94), respectively.Accurate diagnostic rate of the latter was significantly higher than that of the former 2(P＜0.05).Concision Combination of EUS with detection of serum CA19-9 and CA242 is of great vlaue for early screening of pancreatic cancer.

Whole mount in situ hybridization with BHC80 RNA probe showed that BHC80 was expressed in zebrafish central nervous system. Morpholino-modified antisense oligonucleotide was injected into zebrafish zygotes to knock down BHC80 expression. BHC80 knockdown resulted in striking decrease of erythrocytes and accumulation of erythrocytes at PBI. Further investigation of embryonic erythrocytes marker βe3 globin and hematopoiesis transcription factors gata1, c-myb and lmo2 by in situ hybridization showed that the erythroid progenitors marked with gata1 in BHC80 knockdown embryos were high proliferation and their differentiation were delayed, which led to decrease of erythrocytes and accumulation of erythrocytes at PBI. Both in situ hybridization and microangiography indicated that vasculature pattern of BHC80 knockdown embryos were almost normal.

Objective To explore the effects of adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles on multidrug resistance (MDR) of hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721/ADM. Methods The cytotoxicity of the adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles on the bepatoma cell line SMMC-7721/ADM in vitro and the tumor cell-binding ability of adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles were detected. Results The effect of the cytotoxicity of adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles on the hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721/ADM was significantly better than that of adriamycin-loaded nanoparticles. Adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles had the specific binding ability with the hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721/ADM. Conclusions Adriamycin-loaded immuno-nanoparticles can overcome the MDR of the tumor in vitro. The mechanism may be that immuno-nanoparticles could adhere to the tumor cell membrane, and the release of the loaded adriamycin creates a high local concentration in the extracellular medium. The increased concentration gradient improves the diffusion of adriamycin from the extracellular medium to the intracellular medium.