Tau is the most abundant microtubule-associated protein in the brain .If tau protein lost the normal function, the toxic effect should be showed and plays an important role in various central nervous system lesions .Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE) is an important cause of mortality in the neonatal period and it is mainly characterized by neurological deficits such as cognitive limitations .However , the mechanism still needs further study , and the underlying re-lationship between tau protein and HIE lacks direct evidence .Some recent clinical study reported that tau protein expres-sion elevated in the serum of asphyxia children and had a high correlation with behavior deficient .In this review , we focus on 3 key points to provide new insights to understand the tau protein-related pathogenesis of HIE as followed:(1) tau pro-tein and its phosphorylation change during central nervous system development ;(2) comparison of tau protein expression in developing brain and adult brain under some neurological disorders;(3) potential pathological change of tau in HIE related pathological conditions , such as dysmyelination , inflammation response and glutamate metabolism .

Insulin Resistance(IR) is the core of metabolic syndrome(MR) which is once regarded as deadly quartet.Early intervals can prevent or delay the occurrence and progress of diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disease.Health education,diet tyerapy,exercises and durgs are of great importance during nursing care.

Objective To investigate the effect of smoking on large arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertensive.Methods The aortic,carotid and brachial arterial dimension,intimal-medial thickness were determined by vascular ultrasound technique.Wall cross sectional area and indices of compliance and distensibility were calculated in essential hypertensive patients with smoking(n=75) or without smoking(n=70).Results Hypertensive patients with smoking have increased wall intimal-medial thickness and wall cross sectional area in aortic,carotid and brachial arteries associated with decreased compliance and distensibility.After adjusting for the confounding effects of other variables including Age,BMI,HR,BP,PP,FPG,LDL-C and TG,covariance analysis show smoking remained as predisposed factors for vascular remodeling.Conclusion Smoking aggravates large arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of meteorological and environmental factors on allergic rhinitis of children. METHOD: Daily numbers of outpatients consulting general practitioners for AR between Jan 1 2007 and Dec 31 2011 were obtained from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children Medical Center. Daily maximum, average and minimum temperatures and humidity and wind power for Shanghai of the same 5 years were obtained from the Shanghai Meteorological Office. Air Quality data was provided by the Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection Monitoring Center on daily SO2, NO2 and PM10, the average of O3 per 8 hours. The data was available as average values derived from the data of 6 state comtrolled monitoring stations distributed across Shanghai. Non-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the highly non-linear or non-monotonic exposure-response relationship between meteorological and environmental factors and daily outpatient visiting for AR of children. RESULT: The daily numbers of AR children in outpatients department in this study were highest in the average daily temperature 11°C and 21°C. It showed two peak. But as the humidity increased, daily numbers of outpatients of AR children went down, indicating that the higy humidity has protective effect. Every 10 microg/m3 increase of environmental pollutants O3, SO2 and PM10 was linked to 1.95%, 1.19% and 0.33% increase in the number of visitors, respectively, suggesting the air pollution may increase the risk of onset of AR in children. CONCLUSION Meteorological and environmental factors have important effects on AR in children.
Child ; Climate ; Humans ; Humidity ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology ; Temperature ; Weather

Flocculation of fermented broth with 1,3 -propanediol using component B of natural clarifier-Ⅱ was studied. Firstly, single factor tests and orthogonal tests were carried out. The results showed the main factors which influenced the flocculation and the optimal conditions were: pH6.0, flocculant B 0.01g/L , NaCl 0g/L, and the FR was 95.97% . The following results by filtration experiments, compared with the sample without pretreatment, indicated that the filtration speed of the flocculated sample was improved dramatically, and the weights of net and dry filter cakes were increased by 41.13% and 51.88% , respectively. Electrodialysis experiments showed that flocculation could accelerate desalting process, and could take the place of centrifugal pretreatment when it combined with the filtration.

Objective To investigate the mutations of CLCNKB gene in a family with classic Bartter syndrome. Methods Genetic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of family members.The coding exons and intron exon junctions of CLCNKB gene were amplyfied by PCR and sequenced directly.Fifty unrelated healthy subjects were selected to exclude the possibility of polymorphism. Results A heterozygous(missense)mutation(482T>G,L161R)was detected in the exon 4 of patients.The hetemzygous mutation(L161R)was found in the mother,while no mutation was found in the father of this family.L161R had not been reported and was a novel mutation when referring to literatures and human genomic database home and abroad.Conclusion A new CLCNKB gene mutation(L161R)is identified for the first time.

Objective To understand the current circumstance of the surgical resident training bases in Beijing Methods The reassessment data of the 11 surgical resident training bases in Beijing were collected and analyzed. Results 73%(8/11)surgical resident training bases have passed the assessment; and 27%(3/11)have not completely reached the requirements The most prominent problems found in the reassessment were that the numbers of clinic and emergency patients in some departments;the qualification and teaching level of the instructors;the administration in the training process;the test after finishing the rotation and the training results, Conclusion Surical resident training bases criterion,instructor for resident training and administration in the training process are the most important factors which influence the surgical resident training results

· AIM: To discuss the cause and management of complications during the manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS).combined with intraocular lens implant (MSICS-IOL) were done in 160 patietns with cataract. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical data of the intraoperative complications.injury, posterior capsule rupture, iris prolapse and hyphema, were mainly caused by inexpert skill and lacking of experience.techniques, careful operation could decrease the incidence of complications during MSICS operation. By proper management, the intraoperative complications could be solved satisfactorily.

Purpose To establish a new method for detecting p16INK4a in cervical tissues with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA).Methods 126 cases of paraffin imbedding tissues of cervix were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of EnVision two-step and TRFIA.Results There were 20 cases of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,24 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL),53 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 29 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).In the groups of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,HSIL and SCC,p161NK4a positive was seen in 1,19,53 and 28,respectively.TRFIA test results displayed p16INK4a positive in 3,17,50 and 27 cases,respectively.Positive of p16 using by TRFIA in no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,above HSIL was 15.00％,70.83％ and 93.90％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion TRFIA is suitable for detecting of p16INK4a protein and demand low detection equipment,p16INK4a expression detected by TRFIA may helpful for large scale detection in various clinical institution.

BACKGROUND:Studies on high glucose exposure in human periodontal ligament cel s usual y focus on the biological behaviors, pathways and secretory factors, but whether the metabolic memory is involved is little known. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the metabolic memory of high glucose exposure in human periodontal ligament cel s. METHODS:Human periodontal ligament cel s were primarily cultured and identified. Cel s at 5-8 passages were selected and randomized into four groups. Group A (controls):DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 8 days;group B (5-day memory group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 3 days and DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 5 days;group C (3-day memory group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 5 days and DMEM containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 3 days;group D (8-day high glucose group):DMEM containing 35 mmol/L glucose for 8 days. The cel proliferation was detected by cel counting kit-8, the cel apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of total proteins and alkaline phosphatase were investigated using ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the cel proliferation in the other three groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the number of apoptotic cel s was significantly increased, while the levels of total proteins and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that high glucose causes persistent changes in human periodontal ligament cel s by inhibiting cel viability, increasing the apoptosis and downregulating the levels of the total proteins and alkaline phosphatase