Many overwintering organisms produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that can be adsorbed onto the surface of ice crystals and modify their growth. These proteins show great diversity in structures, and they have been found in a variety of organisms. AFPs from insects have higher thermal hysteresis activity than other organisms. Recent studies revealed the structures of AFPs and put forward different ice-binding models. No mechanism, however, can apply to all antifreeze proteins and the molecular interaction between AFPs and ice are not accurately resolved. AFPs can be applied extensively to agriculture, aquaculture and low temperature storage of organs, tissues, as well as cells. To confer transgenic plant cold resistance application of AFPs is essential, while the expression and regulation of antifreeze gene need to be elucidated.

In the therapeutic application of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC),S-1 is used to combine with other chemotherapeutics or even with radiotherapy to constitute chemoradiotherapy regimens.Adverse effects are well tolerated.Regimens containing S-1 are wildly used to control distant metastasis as well as local recurrence.The studies of treatment also show good application value.

Sodium phenylacetate can induce differentiation of tumor cells and has been approved as a drug for the treatment of adults with cancer. In order to explore the immunological mechanism of its antitumor effect, the influence of sodium phenylacetate on HLA class I and II molecule expression in various human tumor cell lines, including breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7.MUA-453), gastrocarcinoma(MKN-28,MKN-45), ovarian cancer(3AO) and cervical cancer(Hela), was studied with ELISA. The result showed that HLA class II molecule was absent from the surface of MCF-7 cells, but they could be induced after 7 days of continued treatment with sodium phenylacetate. Sodium phenylacetate was found to increase HLA class I molecule expression on the surface of MCF-7 cells, HLA class 1 and II molecule expression on the surface of MDA-453、 MKN-28、 MKN-45、 Hela and 3AO cells. The effect of sodium phenylacetate on HLA class I molecule expression in tumor cells is dose-and time-dependent.

Objective To study the expression and transcription of PKC? in renal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Hyperglycemia was induced with streptozotocin(55 mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 5 weeks, the expression of PKC? protein and mRNA was measured by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Results In diabetic animals, the expression of PKC? was greatly enhanced especially in the proximal tubules and the glomeruler mesangial areas with upregulating of the membrane-associated PKC?. RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA level of PKC? increased by 1.67 folds in diabetic rats as compared with the normal ones. Conclusion The expression of PKC? protein and mRNA is upregulated in early diabetic nephropathy, which suggests an interaction between PKC? and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the association of the Glu298-Asp(894G→T)mutation at exon 7 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and acute myocardial infarction.Methods By using the designed primers based on flanking sequences of the Glu298-Asp mutation at exon7 of eNOS, 894G→T fragments were amplified by nested PCR from genomic DNA of healthy control and AMI subjects, digested by restriction enzyme after amplification and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis for 894G→T genotyping. To count the genotype and allele frequencies, the significance of difference in the genotype and allele between two groups were assessed by statistical analysis.Results Three genotypes containing GG, GT, TT were identified on the 894 site of the eNOS gene exon 7 in both AMI and controls. In AMI group, there were 25 patients having 9 homozygotes, the other 16 having heterozygotes. In controls, there were 13 cases with G894T mutation,all having heterozygotes. The mutation frequency of TT homozygote allele has extraordinary significant difference between two groups (P

Objective To investigate the water source contamination in Jiangsu Province. Methods Using blowing and arresting device and GC-MS, 90 water samples collected from 15 city drinking water sources in Jiangsu Province were analyzed. Results The main detected compounds were 1, 2-dichloroethane, chloroform, benzene, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachloroethene, chlorobenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobutadiene, while 1, 1-dichloroethene, trans-1, 2-dichloroethene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, isopropylbenzene, 1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene and styrene were not found. The highest concentration of 1, 2-dichloroethane was 27.79 ?g/L, which was close to the limit of surface water. It should be noticed that the detected concentrations of chlorobenzene in water source of district 3 and water source of district 4 were a little higher. Compared with the others, in water source of district 1, water source of district 9 and water source district of 14 a higher concentration of toluene and xylene were detected and the concentration of benzene in water source of district 1, water source of district 2, water source of district 3 and water source district 4 was higher. Only in water source of district 13, none of 25 volatile organic compounds was detected. Conclusion Some drinking water sources have been contaminated by volatile organic compounds in Jiangsu Province.

Objective To observe the effects of Atorvastatin on matrix matalloproteiases-2 (MMP-2) level in patients with stable an ginapectoris(SAP) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Sixty SAP and sixty ACS patients were randomly divided into either the Atorvastatin group or the control group.The levels of MMP-2 before and after treatment were detected.Results After treatment with Atorvastatin,the levels of MMP-2 in both two groups significantly de- creased(P

BACKGROUND: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is widely expressed in cells and tissues of different type and. It is the important component of signal transduction and transcription chain that participates in the regulation of various physiological functions of cells like proliferation and differentiation. However, there is no literature reported regarding if there is STAT3 expression and whether it participates in embryo liver development both at home and abroad.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanism of STAT3 signal transduction route on development of embryo liver by. Studying the expression of STAT3 protein during embryo liver development in mice.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on STAT3 protein.SETTING: Department of histology and embryology in a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The study was completed in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA during January to June 2004. Kunming mice were provided by Animal Centre of Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Ten male mice and 20 female mice with body mass during 25 to 30 grams were randomly chosen.METHODS: Serial frozen sections of mouse embryo was performed in the 13.5 days ( n = 8), 14.5 days ( n = 9) and 15.5 days ( n = 7) after mating respectively. One of the every 2 slices was used as negative control by replacing first antibody of STAT3 with 0. 01 mol/L PBS. Immunochemical technique and immunofluorescence method were used to display the expression of STAT3 protein in embryo liver development in mice.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of STAT3 protein in serial frozen sections of mouse embryo.RESULTS: There was strong expression of STAT3 protein in liver cells in E13.5 days mouse embryo while the expression was decreased in E14.5 days and E15.5 days mouse embryos.CONCLUSION: STAT3 protein has participated in the development of embryo liver. The expression of STAT3 in liver development can be used to explain the mechanism of liver regeneration and provide experimental data for organ repair.

Objectives To investigate the effect and mechanism of terbutaline sulfate on pulmonary fluid transport in pre-mature rats. Methods Pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (control group, premature group, low-dose terbutaline group, high-dose terbutaline group and dexamethasone group). Drugs were administered by gavage after rats were fertilized for 16 days and continued for 3 days. Premature rats were taken out from the 19 days pregnant rats, and mature rats were delivered on the due day. Lungs were collected, and the ratio of pulmonary wet weight to dry weight (W/D), Na+, K+-ATP ase activity and concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were measured in lungs. Results The W/D rate, Na+,K+-ATPase acti-vity and cAMP concentration in lungs had significant difference among different groups (P<0.01). The W/D rate was highest in premature group and lowest in the control group. It was lower in the high-dose terbutaline group than in the low-dose terbutaline group and the dexamethasone group (P<0.05). The Na+,K+-ATPase activity was lowest in premature group and highest in high-dose terbutaline group. It was higher in dexamethasone group, low-dose terbutaline group, and high-dose terbutaline group than in premature group, and it was higher in high-dsoe terbutaline group than in low-dose terbutaline group and dexamethasone group (P<0.05). The cAMP levle was lowest in premature group and highest in high-dose terbutaline group. It was higher in dexamethasone group, low-dose terbutaline group, high-dose terbutaline group than in premature group, and it was higher in high-dose terbutaline group than in low-dose terbutaline group and dexamethasone group (P<0.05). Conclusions Terbutaline sulfate facilitates lung fluid transport in premature rats, leading to reduce the W/D rate in terbutaline-treated group. We speculate that this effect is related to the increased cAMP level and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in lung tissue.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of survivin, livin and XIAP gene in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with clinico-pathological features.Methods This study included 50 patients with gastric cancer and 20 healthy donors. The expression of survivin, livin and XIAP gene was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) using a molecular beacon probe, while recombination plasmid containing the sequence of survivin, livin and XIAP was standard. The relationship between copies of survivin, livin and XIAP gene expression in peripheral blood with gastric cancer and clinical data was analyzed. Results A linear standard curve was obtained between 103 ～ 1010 copies. The copies of survivin, livin and XIAP mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer did not correlate with gender, age, and histological types ( P ＞ 0.05). There were positive relationships between copies of survivin, livin and XIAP gene with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P ＜0.05 ). The expression of survivine, livin and XIAP was all negative in peripheral blood of healthy people. 52% (17/33) of patients suffered from recurrence or metastasis who had positive expression of survivin and/or livin and/or XIAP mRNA, while it was 18% (3/17)among the negative survivin and/or livin and/or XIAP mRNA caces ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The expression of survivin, livin and XIAP mRNA can be used to detecte micro-metastasis in peripheral blood circulation of gastric cancer.