60 Candida strains were analyzed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) from HIV-infected patients' oral cavity.The results showed that RAPD-PCR fingerprinting appeared from zero to five bands whose size rang from 300 bp to 2 kb with P2 primer,Candida albicans have three characteristic bands of 300 bp,400 bp and 600 bp in size,non-Candida albicans have the similar bands.They can be clas-sified five genetic clusters and 14 genotypes by Cluster Analysis,two Candida albicans(P385&P403) with fluorocytosine-resistance were classified into C1 genotype for "Squared Euclidean Distance" being 0.115,one Candida albicans(P321) and one Candida glabrata(P522) who were resistant against Amphotericin B were classified into D1 genotype for "Squared Euclidean Distance" being 0.221.So,an abundant genetic polymorphism appeared in Candida species related HIV,RAPD could be as a reference for genotype of Candida albicans;different Candida speices had some special bands,different Candida strains had similar bands in the same species;it is perhaps that some genotypes were relevant to drug resistance.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; Carbon Disulfide ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Objective To investigate the prognosis correlation factors of sudden hearing loss.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 137 cases (149 ears) of sudden hearing loss.The relationships between the age,prehospital delay time,type of hearing loss,degree of hearing loss,and whether with dizziness,tinnitus,diabetes mellitus,high blood pressure and therapeutic effect were observed.Results The total effective rates in ＜ 45 years,45-59 years and ＞ 59 years patients were 86.36％(38/44),77.78％ (56/72) and 57.58％ (19/33) respectively.There were statistical differences in the total effective rate between ＜ 45 years,45-59 years patients and ＞ 59 years patients (x2 =8.128,P =0.004; x2 =4.525,P =0.033).The total effective rates in patients who were treated ≤7 d,8-14 d and ≥ 15 d were 83.52％ (76/91),76.67％(23/30) and 50.00％(14/28) respectively.There were statistical differences in the total effective rate between patients who treated ≤7 d,8-14 d and patients who were treated ≥ 15 d (x2 =13.050,P =0.000; x2 =4.459,P =0.035).The total effective rates in low-mid frequency type,all frequency type,total deafness type and mid-high frequency type were 89.66％ (52/58),84.44％ (38/45),7/12,47.06％ (16/34) respectively.There were statistical differences in the total effective rate between low-mid frequency,all frequency type and total deafness type,mid-high frequency type (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rates in hearing loss mild degree,middle degree,severe degree,extremely severe degree and total deafness were 87.23％ (41/47),86.11％ (31/36),61.90％ (13/21),7/15 respectively.There were statistical differences in the total effective rate between mild degree,middle degree and severe degree,extremely severe degree and total deafness (P ＜ 0.05).The hearing loss prognosis with the dizziness,diabetes mellitus,high blood pressure was worse.Conclusions It is considered that the age,prehospital delay time,type of hearing loss,degree of hearing loss,and whether with dizziness,high blood pressure,diabetes mellitus are related to the total effective rate.The prognosis of hearing loss can be estimated according to these correlation factors.

Background p21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor,and it can prevent cells from going through the G1/S phase checkpoint and inhibit cell proliferation.Stuies determined that the expression level of p21 WAF1/CIP1 is associated with proliferative diseases.Traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a proliferative response of eye.Understaining the relationship of dynamic expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 in PVR is of significance for the prevention and management of PVR.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of p21 WAF1/CIP1 during the course of experimental traumatic PVR in rabbits.Methods Fifty-four pigmented rabbits were randomized into the normal control group and different experimerital groups,and one lateral eye of each rabbit served as experimental eye.PVR models were established by intravitreal injection of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (0.4 ml)combined with cryotherapy for 5 seconds,and vitreous and retinas were examined with B type sonography.The rabbits were sacrificed in 7,14,21 and 28 days after operation,and histopathological examination of the retinas was performed by haematoxylin and eosin stain.The expression levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein and gene were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The use and care of the rabbits complied with Statement of ARVO.Results B type sonography showed that the retinal morphology was normal in the normal control group.However,the proliferative membrane was gradually thickened 1 to 7 days after operation.Retinal folds of rabbits were seen in 7 days,and tractional retinal detachment was found in 14 days and 28 days after operation.The histopathological examination of the retinas showed epiretinal membrane and infiltration of inflammatory cells 7 days and fixed ruffle 28 days after operation.The p21WAF1/CIP1 was strongly expressed in the cell nucleus of retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in the normal control group,and the expression was gradually weakened after modeling,with the weakest expression in the retinas in 14 days after modeling.The relative expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 protein was 0.74±0.08,0.60±0.05,0.56±0.03,0.74±0.02 and 0.65 ±0.04 in the normal control group,postoperative 7-day group,postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (F =20.55,P =0.00),and the expression levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 protein were significantly lower in the postoperative 7-day group and postoperative 14-day group than those of the normal control group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group (all at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of p21 WAF1/CIP1 mRNA was 0.65 ± 0.09,0.57 ± 0.05,0.45 ±0.04,0.46±0.02 and 0.47±0.04 in the normal control group,postoperative 7-day group,postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group,respectively,with a significant difference among the groups (F =18.06,P =0.00),and the expression levels were significantly lower in the postoperative 14-day group,postoperative 21-day group and postoperative 28-day group than those of the normal control group and postoperative 7-day group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The dynamic expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in the retinas is consistant with the prograssion of traumatic PVR,and the reduce tendency of p21 WAF1/CIP1expression is similar to cell prolieration change,indicating that reduce of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in the retinas may promote the development of traumatic PVR.

Objective To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide(N2O) on the cuff pressure of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway(PLMA) in pediatric anesthesia. Methods Thirty-two pediatic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly.PLMA cuffs were inflated with air(Group A) or 50% N2O/oxyen(Group N) to 20 mmHg as initial pressure.The intracuff pressure was monitored during anesthesia with 50% N2O in oxygen. Results Intracuff pressure increased to(40.6?9.3) mmHg in Group A and slightly decreased in Group N.Deflation volume in Group A was much more than that in Group N[(4.4?2.3) mL vs(2.6?1.0) mL,P

Objective To construct short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids against the inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) gene and establish a suitable cell model for the role of Id2 in proliferation and differentiation of human Ewing sarcoma cell.Methods Three shRNA sequences targeting Id2 gene were designed and inserted into the pGPU6/GFP/Neo (-shRNA-Id2) expression vectors.The recombinant pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Id2 plasmids were introduced into Ewing sarcoma RD-ES cells by liposome-mediated transfection.The knock-down efficiency of Id2 in infected RD-ES cells was verified by Western blot assay.The cell growth and cell cycle changes were evaluated by cell counting and flow cytometry between transfected cells and control cells.Results The Id2 expression decreased 54 ％ and 57 ％,respectively,in RD-ES cell line which were transfected with the shRNA-Id2-543 and shRNA-Id2-593 plasmids compared with the control group cells by Western blot analysis.The cell growth assay demonstrated that the cell number in transfected cells was significantly decreased during 6-7 d compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The cells at the S-phase of cell cycle were increased [(36.60±1.53) ％ and (44.89E2.46) ％ vs (29.73±2.03) ％,P ＜ 0.05],and no significant changes at the G2 phase or even reduction in the transfected cells.Conclusions Id2 stable knock-down cell lines are successfully established.The reduced expression of Id2 is related with decreased cell growth and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase.Id2 maybe plays an important role in proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cell.

Objective To explore the protective effect of olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC)Schwann cell(SC)-extracellular matrix(ECM)-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide acid)(PLGA)bridging complex on peripheral target organ and spinal cord neurons after rat sciatic nerve defect.Methods A 15 mm right sciatic nerve defect model was established in SD rats and repaired with OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA bridging complex that contained OEC,SC,ECM and self-made PLGA conduit.At the same time,the study set OEC-ECM-PLGA group,SC-ECM-PLGA group,ECM-PLGA group,PLGA group and nerve autograft control group.At 1,3,6 and 9 weeks after surgery,the gastrocnemius muscle water weight test and motor end-plate test were performed.At the 9th week after surgery,CM-DiI and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)retrograde tracing were performed.Results The gastrocnemius muscle water weight and number of motor end-plate were decreased in all groups after surgery but gradually increased after three weeks except for ECM-PLGA group and PLGA group.At the 9th week,OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA group showed no statistical differences with nerve autograft group in aspects of gastrocnemius muscle water weight,number of motor end-plate and length of motor end-plate major axis(P ＞ 0.05).At the 9th week,CM-DiI and HRP retrograde tracing found that the number of positive neurons in spinal cord in OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA group showed no statistical differences compared with nerve autograft group(P ＞0.05).Conclusions OEC-SC-ECM-PLGA bridging complex can partially protect peripheral target organ and spinal cord neurons after rat sciatic nerve defect.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To analyze the epidemiographic features of malignant tumors of urinary system in renal allograft recipients in our center.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 3150 patients who received renal transplantation between June 1978 and Autumn 2006.Twelve cases of urinary tumors were selected for study.Results Among 3150 recipients,33(1.05%)were diag- nosed as malignancies including 12(0.38%)cases in urinary system.The mean age of these patients when diagnosed as urinary tumors was 58.3?4.6(range 48-66).The mean duration of immunosup- pressive treatment was 62?18(range 26-120)months.Six cases received cyclosporine A+azalthio- prine+prednisone(CsA+Aza+Pred),5 cases cyclosporine A+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone (CsA+MMF+Pred),and one case tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone(FK506+MMF +Pred).Surgical treatment was carried out in 11 patients.Ten of them were still alive.One case died of cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions Malignant tumors of urinary system,especially TCC is an im- portant complication in renal transplantation in our center.The occurrence of malignant tumors is inti- mately related to immunosuppressive treatment.The immunological status of patients after renal transplantation should be evaluated in follow-up studies.The treatment consists of complete resection of the mass,decreases of immunosuppressants,chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVEUse propensity score methods to explore the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SQFZ) on ALT and AST lever of real worlds.

METHODHIS data from 18 hospitals was analyzed. Patients ranging from 18 to 80 years, it were divided into the cases group was used Shenqi Fuzheng injection > 21 days under the instruction, and control group used SQFZ ≤ 21 days. A large number of confounding biases are taken into account through the generalized boosted models (GBM) and multiple logistic regression model to estimate the treatment effects of SQFZ on abnormal changes in ALT and AST index and to explore possible influencing factors.

RESULTSventy and one confounding factors had been counterpoised, stratified analysis showed that the abnormal changes of cases group lower than control group, but not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONAnalysis of HIS database showed that significant effects of SQFZ on abnormal changes in ALT and AST have not been found. The results of this study form the retrospective data, for the purpose of validating its clinical safety should be have a prospective clinical study of large sample.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Injections ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult