To evaluate the status of diabetes-related knowledge and training requirement among general physicians,a questionnaire survey was conducted in 676 general physicians from 32 primary medical institutions and 5 secondary hospitals of Shanghai Pudong New Area.48.2% (261/541) of the surveyees had bachelor degree and most of them worked in secondary hospitals or primary medical institutions in affluent areas.The awareness rate of diabetic knowledge among the surveyeos was 51.6%,and there were significant differences in the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge between different levels of hospitals and physicians with different academic background.Only 26.6% of physicians received diabetes-related continuing education or training,there was a popular request for professional training from the surveyed physicians.

Objective To study the feasibility of modified early warning scores (MEWS) for assessing the severity and death prediction in the pre-hospital traumatic patients.MethodsData of the prehospital traumatic patients admitted between January 1,2010 and December 31,2010 were collected and assessed onsite by using MEWS.Numeration data was presented in percentage by using chi-square test,and measurement data was xepressed in mean with standard deviation,and P ＜ 0.05 was considered to be difference with statistical significance.Observation was lasted for 90 days after admission to get final results as observation object and ROC curve was drew and calculated the area under the curve for predicting severity and death of patients.The patients without vital signs and unsuccessful resuscitations were not included in this study.ResultsThere were 1475 (87.95％) cases/times with score of 0 -2,and 202 (12.05％)cases/times with score of 3 - 13.In the non-survival group,MEWS were higher than that in the survival group with statistic significance ( P ＜ 0.01 ).When the area under ROC was 0.94,the optimal cutoff point for potentially severe patients was MEWS≥3 for predicting the death of severe pre-hospital traumatic patients with sensitivity of 85.7％,specificity of 88.6％,accuracy of 88.6％ and Youden of 0.743,showing high significance of the application of MEWS to assessing severity of traumatic patients and death prediction.ConclusionsMEWS used to assess the pre-hospital traumatic patients and predict death with high validity and accurate quantification is a simple,practical and easily operable method with strong application significance.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to induce carcinogenesis of lingual mucosa in C57BL/6 mice by feeding them 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) solution.

METHODSA total of 85 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into distilled water control group (DD group, n=5), 1,2-propylene glycol control group (PG group, n=5), and experimental group (EP group, n= 75). The mice in the experimental group were medially fed in 15 cages. By contrast, the mice in DD, EP, and PG groups were watered with distilled water, 50 mg.L-1 4NQO solution, and 1,2-propylene glycol solution. The mice in EP group were executed every two weeks from week 0, and the mice in the control groups were sacrificed at the 28th week. The mice were weighed. Mucosal lesions were measured by macroscopic observation and histopathologic detection.

RESULTSOne mouse in EP group died of unknown reason. The weight of the mice in EP group presented weight loss compared with the mice in DD and PG groups after the 24th week. Seventy-nine macroscopic lesions were observed in the lingual mucosa, oral floor, and upper palatal and buccal mucosa. A total of 70 macroscopic lesions (88.6%) were located in the lingual mucosa. Mucosal lesions changed from simple hyperplasia to squamous cell carcinomas. Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were observed in all mice of EP group by pathological section at the 28th week. No lesion was found in the mice of DD and PG groups.

CONCLUSIONThe animal model of lingual squamous cell carcinomas was successfully established. The periods from 12th to 16th week and 20th to 28th week were the ideal times for the research on pathogenesis of early and medial-advanced stage during carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mouth Mucosa ; Tongue

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) for Z syndrome without organic lesion (metabolic syndrome combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome).

METHODSFifty-eight patients with Z syndrome were divided into three groups according to mild,moderate and severe degree. Acupuncture and EA were used at Daimai (GB 26), Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Zusanli ST 36), Qihai (CV 6) and Huaroumen (ST 24), etc., once a day and five times a week. The treatment of ten times was a course, and two courses were acquired continuously. Sleep respiration monitoring (PSG) was done before EA and in one week after treatment respectively. Triacylglycerol (TG) fasting blood glucose (FBG) fasting insulin (INS) and serum leptin (Lep) were tested before and after treatment in the three groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and the percentage of the time of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) less than 90% taken in the total sleep time (SLT 90%) were improved apparently than those before treatment in the three groups (all P < 0.05). The levels of TG, FPG, INS and Lep were decreased after treatment in all groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA can improve AHI and nocturnal hypoxia of Z syndrome, and the mechanism may be related to decreasing the indices of metabolism syndrome and leptin.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effects of diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide (DETA/NO)on capillary spasm and early brain injury (EBI)after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in rats.Methods Sixty-nine male Sprague-dawley rats were randomized into three groups:sham group,SAH group and DETA/NO group.SAH model was established by wearing out the willis ring with thread and then Garcia neurological score was observed in the general animals.The expressions of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)and PDGFRβwere detected by dual immunofluorescence staining;nitric oxide kit was used for detecting brain tissue NO concentration.Changes in the hemoglobin-stimulated capillaries were observed in rat slices.Results Three days after surgery,neurological deficit score was remarkably improved in DETA/NO group compared with that in SAH group (P<0 .0 5 ). Immunofluorescence results showed that the expressions of peri-capillaryαSMA and PDGFRβwere significantly increased after SAH (P<0.05 ),and that DETA/NO could down-regulate the expressions (P<0.05 ).NO concentration was greatly reduced about 3 hours after SAH and then gradually increased;DETA/NO could maintain the concentration of NO at an early stage (P<0 .0 5 ).The capillary contraction was observed in slices perfused with hemoglobin;DETA/NO could alleviate capillary spasm.Conclusion DETA/NO can alleviate the severity of capillary spasm and EBI after SAH in rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between CYP2J2*7 mutation(G-76T) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Hanpopulation and to study the effects of CYP2J2 geneover-expressionon the proliferation and migrationof aortic smooth muscle cells of ApoE-/- mice. Methods CYP2J2*7 genotype was detectedin 500 patients with CHD and 478 controlsubjects by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Frag-ment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Culturedaortic smooth muscle cells of ApoE-/- mice were divided into control group, sham transfectiongroup and CYP2J2 over-expression group. Cell proliferation and migration were investigated after CYP2J2 over-expressionby MTS and Transwell assay. Results The frequency of CYP2J2*7 in CHD group was significantly higher than that incontrol group (10.00% vs. 6.49%, P = 0.046). Same is the case in female cases(P = 0.026). Compared with these of aortic smooth muscle cells incontrol group and sham trans-fectiongroup, the cell proliferation in 24, 48, 72 h, and the cell migration in 48 h after CYP2J2 over-expression in CYP2J2 group were significantly suppressed. Conclusions CYP2J2*7 mutation might increase the risk of CHD in Chinese Han population. CYP2J2 over-expression can suppress the proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells and CYP2J2 might have the effect of anti-atherosclerosis.

The rice gall dwarf disease, caused by the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) is a serious disease occurring in rice in many regions of Guangdong province. As a basis to control the disease we have studied the genomic diversity of a variety of isolates from different locations. Genome segment 8(S8), encoding a main outer capsid protein (Pns8) of RGDV five isolates (BL, CH, DQ, GZ, XY) from Guangdong province was cloned and sequenced. The results revealed that all the S8 segments of the five isolates consisted of 1 578 nucleotides and had a single open reading frame (ORF) extending for 1 301 nucleotides from nucleotide 21 which encoded a polypeptide of 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 47.4 kDa. The S8 full-length sequence and the ORF sequence shared 97.3%-98.8% and 97.3%-99.1% nucleotide sequence identities within the five Chinese isolates, and shared 94.8%-95.6% and 95.0%-96.0% identities with those of the Thailand isolate respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pns8 in GZ isolate was identical to that in the Thailand isolate, while the amino acid sequence variability of Pns8 within five Chinese isolates ranged from 0.5% to 2.1%. These results indicate that the S8 segment of RGDV is highly conserved in different isolates from different locations. The S8 cDNA from the XY isolate was cloned into the plasmid vector pET-28b(+) and a fused expression protein with an apparent molecular mass of 51kDa was specifically detected in an analysis of Escherichia coli Rossetta(DE3)Ⅱcells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on analysis of the RGDV segment 8 sequence and genetic comparison of different RGDV isolates and their protein expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenicity of Leptospira interrogans fliR gene to J774A.1 cells.

METHODSfliR gene from L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai strain 56601 and kana gene from plasmid pET42a were amplified by PCR. Suicide plasmid of fliR gene was constructed; and specific siRNA for fliR gene was designed and synthesized. fliR gene mutants were constructed by gene knock-out with suicide plasmid (56601fliR-Kana) and gene silencing with siRNA (56601siRNA-R2). The mutants were identified by PCR, sequencing and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Adhesion to mouse mononuclear-macrophage J774A.1 and induction of cell necrosis and apoptosis by 56601fliR-Kana and 56601siRNA-R2 were examined by adhesion test and flow cytometry, respectively.

RESULTThe nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of cloned fliR gene had 99.9% and 100% similarities to those of reported sequences in GenBank. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned kana gene was identical to the corresponding sequence in pET42a map. The results of PCR and sequencing confirmed that kana gene was inserted in the sequence of 56601fliR-Kana fliR gene. The mRNA level of fliR gene in 56601fliR-Kana was remarkably decreased (P<0.01) while the mRNA level of fliR gene in 56601siRNA-R2 was much lower than that in wild strain 56601 (P<0.05). 56601fliR-Kana and 56601siRNA-R2 lost the ability to adhere J774A.1 cells; and their ability to induce cell necrosis and apoptosis was markedly weakened (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONfliR is a virulence-associated gene of L. interrogans and the function of the gene is closely related to adhesion, induction of cell necrosis and apoptosis of the microbe.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Leptospira interrogans ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Macrophages ; microbiology ; pathology ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum cytokines concentrations and A- PACHE scores in evaluating the illness state for critical trauma patients.Methods A clinical prospective self-control trial was performed,in which 36 patients admitted to ICU by SIRS were enrolled.Objects were divided into mild and severe trauma group according to APACHE score.The TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations were determined on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day of admission,the APACHE score were assessed at the same time.Statistic analysis was performed according to this group.Results The TNF-?concentrations decreased continuously in the following days while IL-6 decreased from the 7th day in the mild trauma group.In the severe trauma group the TNF-?and IL-6,APACHE score concentrations kept increasing.There was a significant difference of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations between severe trauma and mild trauma group.Conclusion Dynamic measurement of TNF-?and IL-6 concentrations with APACHE score provide great help to evaluate the illness state and predict the prognosis.